300道Java面试题(包括计算机基础)，少走弯路

布满荆棘的人生 2022-09-10 13:10 128阅读 0赞

> 面经首发来源网站:[https://wwww.iamshuaidi.com][https_wwww.iamshuaidi.com]，一个专注于校招，面试，面经的编程网站

这套面试题把 Java 主流的都整理了，从 Java 基础，到框架，再到计算机基础，如下

### 一、Java基础 44 道 ###

[1. 解释下什么是面向对象？面向对象和面向过程的区别？][1.]

[2. 面向对象的三大特性？分别解释下？][2.]

[3. JDK、JRE、JVM 三者之间的关系？][3. JDK_JRE_JVM]

[4. 重载和重写的区别？][4.]

[5. Java 中是否可以重写一个 private 或者 static 方法？][5. Java _ private _ static]

[6. 构造方法有哪些特性？][6.]

[7. 在 Java 中定义一个不做事且没有参数的构造方法有什么作用？][7. _ Java]

[8. Java 中创建对象的几种方式？][8. Java]

[9. 抽象类和接口有什么区别？][9.]

[10. 静态变量和实例变量的区别？][10.]

[11. 12、short s1 = 1；s1 = s1 + 1；有什么错？那么 short s1 = 1; s1 += 1；呢？有没有错误？][11. 12_short s1 _ 1_s1 _ s1 _ 1_ short s1 _ 1_ s1 _ 1]

[12. Integer 和 int 的区别？][12. Integer _ int]

[13. 装箱和拆箱的区别][13.]

[14. switch 语句能否作用在 byte 上，能否作用在 long 上，能否作用在 String 上？][14. switch _ byte _ long _ String]

[15. 16、final、finally、finalize 的区别][15. 16_final_finally_finalize]

[16. == 和 equals 的区别？][16. _ _ equals]

[17. 两个对象的 hashCode() 相同，则 equals() 也一定为 true 吗？][17. _ hashCode_ _ equals_ _ true]

[18. 为什么重写 equals() 就一定要重写 hashCode() 方法？][18. _ equals_ _ hashCode_]

[19. & 和 && 的区别？][19. _ _ _]

[20. Java 中的参数传递时传值呢？还是传引用？][20. Java]

[21. Java 中的 Math.round(-1.5) 等于多少？][21. Java _ Math.round_-1.5_]

[22. 如何实现对象的克隆？][22.]

[23. 深克隆和浅克隆的区别？][23.]

[24. 什么是 Java 的序列化，如何实现 Java 的序列化？][24. _ Java _ Java]

[25. 什么情况下需要序列化？][25.]

[26. Java 的泛型是如何工作的 ? 什么是类型擦除 ?][26. Java _ _ _]

[27. 什么是泛型中的限定通配符和非限定通配符 ?][27. _]

[28. List 和 List 之间有什么区别 ?][28. List _ List _]

[29. Java 中的反射是什么意思？有哪些应用场景？][29. Java]

[30. 反射的优缺点？][30.]

[31. Java 中的动态代理是什么？有哪些应用？][31. Java]

[32. 怎么实现动态代理？][32.]

[33. static 关键字的作用？][33. static]

[34. super 关键字的作用？][34. super]

[35. 字节和字符的区别？][35.]

[36. String 为什么要设计为不可变类？][36. String]

[37. String、StringBuilder、StringBuffer 的区别？][37. String_StringBuilder_StringBuffer]

[38. String 字符串修改实现的原理？][38. String]

[39. String str = “i” 与 String str = new String(“i”) 一样吗？][39. String str _ _i_ _ String str _ new String_i_]

[40. String 类的常用方法都有那些？][40. String]

[41. final 修饰 StringBuffer 后还可以 append 吗？][41. final _ StringBuffer _ append]

[42. Java 中的 IO 流的分类？说出几个你熟悉的实现类？][42. Java _ IO]

[43. 字节流和字符流有什么区别？][43.]

[44. BIO、NIO、AIO 有什么区别？][44. BIO_NIO_AIO]

答案看这里：[Java面试题必知必会（附答案）][Java]

### 二、Java异常 9 道 ###

[1. finally 块中的代码什么时候被执行？][1. finally]

[2. finally 是不是一定会被执行到？][2. finally]

[3. try-catch-finally 中，如果 catch 中 return 了，finally 还会执行吗？][3. try-catch-finally _ catch _ return _finally]

[4. try-catch-finally 中那个部分可以省略？][4. try-catch-finally]

[5. Error 和 Exception 的区别？][5. Error _ Exception]

[6. 运行时异常与受检异常有何异同？][6. 1]

[7. throw 和 throws 的区别？][7. throw _ throws]

[8. 常见的异常类有哪些？][8.]

[9. 主线程可以捕获到子线程的异常吗？][9. 1]

### 三、Java集合 24 道 ###

[1. Java 中常用的容器有哪些？][1. Java]

[2. ArrayList 和 LinkedList 的区别？][2. ArrayList _ LinkedList]

[3. ArrayList 实现 RandomAccess 接口有何作用？为何 LinkedList 却没实现这个接口？][3. ArrayList _ RandomAccess _ LinkedList]

[4. ArrayList 的扩容机制？][4. ArrayList]

[5. Array 和 ArrayList 有何区别？什么时候更适合用 Array？][5. Array _ ArrayList _ Array]

[6. HashMap 的实现原理/底层数据结构？JDK1.7 和 JDK1.8][6. HashMap _JDK1.7 _ JDK1.8]

[7. HashMap 的 put 方法的执行过程？][7. HashMap _ put]

[8. HashMap 的 get 方法的执行过程？][8. HashMap _ get]

[9. HashMap 的 resize 方法的执行过程？][9. HashMap _ resize]

[10. HashMap 的 size 为什么必须是 2 的整数次方？][10. HashMap _ size _ 2]

[11. HashMap 多线程死循环问题？][11. HashMap]

[12. HashMap 的 get 方法能否判断某个元素是否在 map 中？][12. HashMap _ get _ map]

[13. HashMap 与 HashTable 的区别是什么？][13. HashMap _ HashTable]

[14. HashMap 与 ConcurrentHashMap 的区别是什么?][14. HashMap _ ConcurrentHashMap]

[15. HashTable 和 ConcurrentHashMap 的区别？][15. HashTable _ ConcurrentHashMap]

[16. ConcurrentHashMap 的实现原理是什么？][16. ConcurrentHashMap]

[17. HashSet 的实现原理？][17. HashSet]

[18. HashSet 怎么保证元素不重复的？][18. HashSet]

[19. LinkedHashMap 的实现原理?][19. LinkedHashMap]

[20. Iterator 怎么使用？有什么特点？][20. Iterator]

[21. Iterator 和 ListIterator 有什么区别？][21. Iterator _ ListIterator]

[22. Iterator 和 Enumeration 接口的区别？][22. Iterator _ Enumeration]

[23. fail-fast 与 fail-safe 有什么区别？][23. fail-fast _ fail-safe]

[24. Collection 和 Collections 有什么区别？][24. Collection _ Collections]

### 四、Java并发 42 道 ###

[1. 并行和并发有什么区别？][1. 1]

[2. 线程和进程的区别？][2. 1]

[3. 守护线程是什么？][3.]

[4. 创建线程的几种方式？][4. 1]

[5. Runnable 和 Callable 有什么区别？][5. Runnable _ Callable]

[6. 线程状态及转换？][6. 2]

[7. sleep() 和 wait() 的区别？][7. sleep_ _ wait_]

[8. 线程的 run() 和 start() 有什么区别？][8. _ run_ _ start_]

[9. 在 Java 程序中怎么保证多线程的运行安全？][9. _ Java]

[10. Java 线程同步的几种方法？][10. Java]

[11. Thread.interrupt() 方法的工作原理是什么？][11. Thread.interrupt_]

[12. 谈谈对 ThreadLocal 的理解？][12. _ ThreadLocal]

[13. 在哪些场景下会使用到 ThreadLocal？][13. _ ThreadLocal]

[14. 说一说自己对于 synchronized 关键字的了解？][14. _ synchronized]

[15. 如何在项目中使用 synchronized 的？][15. _ synchronized]

[16. 说说 JDK1.6 之后的 synchronized 关键字底层做了哪些优化，可以详细介绍一下这些优化吗？][16. _ JDK1.6 _ synchronized]

[17. 谈谈 synchronized 和 ReenTrantLock 的区别？][17. _ synchronized _ ReenTrantLock]

[18. synchronized 和 volatile 的区别是什么？][18. synchronized _ volatile]

[19. 谈一下你对 volatile 关键字的理解？][19. _ volatile]

[20. 说下对 ReentrantReadWriteLock 的理解？][20. _ ReentrantReadWriteLock]

[21. 说下对悲观锁和乐观锁的理解？][21.]

[22. 乐观锁常见的两种实现方式是什么？][22. 1]

[23. 乐观锁的缺点有哪些？][23. 1]

[24. CAS 和 synchronized 的使用场景？][24. CAS _ synchronized]

[25. 简单说下对 Java 中的原子类的理解？][25. _ Java]

[26. atomic 的原理是什么？][26. atomic]

[27. 说下对同步器 AQS 的理解？][27. _ AQS]

[28. AQS 的原理是什么？][28. AQS]

[29. AQS 对资源的共享模式有哪些？][29. AQS]

[30. AQS 底层使用了模板方法模式，你能说出几个需要重写的方法吗？][30. AQS]

[31. 说下对信号量 Semaphore 的理解？][31. _ Semaphore]

[32. CountDownLatch 和 CyclicBarrier 有什么区别？][32. CountDownLatch _ CyclicBarrier]

[33. 说下对线程池的理解？为什么要使用线程池？][33.]

[34. 创建线程池的参数有哪些？][34.]

[35. 如何创建线程池？][35. 1]

[36. 线程池中的的线程数一般怎么设置？需要考虑哪些问题？][36.]

[37. 执行 execute() 方法和 submit() 方法的区别是什么呢？][37. _ execute_ _ submit_]

[38. 说下对 Fork和Join 并行计算框架的理解？][38. _ Fork_Join]

[39. JDK 中提供了哪些并发容器？][39. JDK]

[40. 谈谈对 CopyOnWriteArrayList 的理解？][40. _ CopyOnWriteArrayList]

[41. 谈谈对 BlockingQueue 的理解？分别有哪些实现类？][41. _ BlockingQueue]

[42. 谈谈对 ConcurrentSkipListMap 的理解？][42. _ ConcurrentSkipListMap]

### 五、Java JVM 42 道 ###

[1. 说一下 Jvm 的主要组成部分？及其作用？][1. _ Jvm]

[2. 谈谈对运行时数据区的理解？][2. 2]

[3. 堆和栈的区别是什么？][3. 1]

[4. 堆中存什么？栈中存什么？][4. 2]

[5. 为什么要把堆和栈区分出来呢？栈中不是也可以存储数据吗？][5.]

[6. Java 中的参数传递时传值呢？还是传引用？][6. Java]

[7. Java 对象的大小是怎么计算的？][7. Java]

[8. 对象的访问定位的两种方式？][8. 1]

[9. 判断垃圾可以回收的方法有哪些？][9. 2]

[10. 垃圾回收是从哪里开始的呢？][10. 1]

[11. 被标记为垃圾的对象一定会被回收吗？][11.]

[12. 谈谈对 Java 中引用的了解？][12. _ Java]

[13. 谈谈对内存泄漏的理解？][13. 1]

[14. 内存泄露的根本原因是什么？][14.]

[15. 举几个可能发生内存泄漏的情况？][15.]

[16. 尽量避免内存泄漏的方法？][16.]

[17. 常用的垃圾收集算法有哪些？][17.]

[18. 为什么要采用分代收集算法？][18.]

[19. 分代收集下的年轻代和老年代应该采用什么样的垃圾回收算法？][19.]

[20. 什么是浮动垃圾？][20.]

[21. 什么是内存碎片？如何解决？][21. 1]

[22. 常用的垃圾收集器有哪些？][22. 2]

[23. 谈谈你对 CMS 垃圾收集器的理解？][23. _ CMS]

[24. 谈谈你对 G1 收集器的理解？][24. _ G1]

[25. 说下你对垃圾回收策略的理解/垃圾回收时机？][25. 1]

[26. 谈谈你对内存分配的理解？大对象怎么分配？空间分配担保？][26.]

[27. 说下你用过的 JVM 监控工具？][27. _ JVM]

[28. 如何利用监控工具调优？][28.]

[29. JVM 的一些参数？][29. JVM]

[30. 谈谈你对类文件结构的理解？有哪些部分组成？][30. 1]

[31. 谈谈你对类加载机制的了解？][31.]

[32. 类加载各阶段的作用分别是什么？][32. 1]

[33. 有哪些类加载器？分别有什么作用？][33. 1]

[34. 类与类加载器的关系?][34. 1]

[35. 谈谈你对双亲委派模型的理解？工作过程？为什么要使用][35. 2]

[36. 怎么实现一个自定义的类加载器？需要注意什么？][36. 1]

[37. 怎么打破双亲委派模型？][37.]

[38. 有哪些实际场景是需要打破双亲委派模型的？][38.]

[39. 谈谈你对编译期优化和运行期优化的理解？][39.]

[40. 为何 HotSpot 虚拟机要使用解释器与编译器并存的架构？][40. _ HotSpot]

[41. 说下你对 Java 内存模型的理解？][41. _ Java]

[42. 内存间的交互操作有哪些？需要满足什么规则？][42.]

### 六、SSM框架 37 道 ###

[1. 使用 Spring 框架的好处是什么？][1. _ Spring]

[2. 解释下什么是 AOP？][2. _ AOP]

[3. AOP 的代理有哪几种方式？][3. AOP]

[4. 怎么实现 JDK 动态代理？][4. _ JDK]

[5. AOP 的基本概念：切面、连接点、切入点等？][5. AOP]

[6. 通知类型（Advice）型（Advice）有哪些？][6. _Advice_Advice]

[7. 谈谈你对 IOC 的理解？][7. _ IOC]

[8. Bean 的生命周期？][8. Bean]

[9. Bean 的作用域?][9. Bean]

[10. Spring 中的单例 Bean 的线程安全问题了解吗？][10. Spring _ Bean]

[11. 谈谈你对 Spring 中的事物的理解？][11. _ Spring]

[12. Spring 中的事务隔离级别？][12. Spring]

[13. Spring 中的事物传播行为？][13. Spring]

[14. Spring 常用的注入方式有哪些？][14. Spring]

[15. Spring 框架中用到了哪些设计模式？][15. Spring]

[16. ApplicationContext 通常的实现有哪些?][16. ApplicationContext]

[17. 谈谈你对 MVC 模式的理解？][17. _ MVC]

[18. SpringMVC 的工作原理/执行流程？][18. SpringMVC]

[19. SpringMVC 的核心组件有哪些？][19. SpringMVC]

[20. SpringMVC 常用的注解有哪些？][20. SpringMVC]

[21. @RequestMapping 的作用是什么？][21. _RequestMapping]

[22. 如何解决 POST 请求中文乱码问题，GET 的又如何处理呢？][22. _ POST _GET]

[23. SpringMVC 的控制器是不是单例模式，如果是会有什么问题，怎么解决？][23. SpringMVC]

[24. SpringMVC 怎么样设定重定向和转发的？][24. SpringMVC]

[25. SpringMVC 里面拦截器是怎么写的？][25. SpringMVC]

[26. SpringMVC 和 Struts2 的区别有哪些?][26. SpringMVC _ Struts2]

[27. 谈谈你对 MyBatis 的理解？][27. _ MyBatis]

[28. MyBaits 的优缺点有哪些？][28. MyBaits]

[29. MyBatis 与 Hibernate 有哪些不同？][29. MyBatis _ Hibernate]

[30. MyBatis 中 \#\{\} 和 $\{\}的区别是什么？][30. MyBatis _ _ _]

[31. MyBatis 是如何进行分页的？分页插件的原理是什么？][31. MyBatis]

[32. MyBatis 有几种分页方式？][32. MyBatis]

[33. MyBatis 逻辑分页和物理分页的区别是什么？][33. MyBatis]

[34. MyBatis 是否支持延迟加载？如果支持，它的实现原理是什么？][34. MyBatis]

[35. 说一下 MyBatis 的一级缓存和二级缓存？][35. _ MyBatis]

[36. Mybatis 有哪些执行器（Executor）？][36. Mybatis _Executor]

[37. MyBatis 动态 SQL 是做什么的？都有哪些动态 SQL？能简述一下动态 SQL的执行原理不？][37. MyBatis _ SQL _ SQL_ SQL]

### 七、MySQL 31 道 ###

[1. 请说下你对 MySQL 架构的了解？][1. _ MySQL]

[2. 一条 SQL 语句在数据库框架中的执行流程？][2. _ SQL]

[3. 数据库的三范式是什么？][3. 2]

[4. char 和 varchar 的区别？][4. char _ varchar]

[5. varchar(10) 和 varchar(20) 的区别？][5. varchar_10_ _ varchar_20_]

[6. 谈谈你对索引的理解？][6. 3]

[7. 索引的底层使用的是什么数据结构？][7.]

[8. 谈谈你对 B+ 树的理解？][8. _ B_]

[9. 为什么 InnoDB 存储引擎选用 B+ 树而不是 B 树呢？][9. _ InnoDB _ B_ _ B]

[10. 谈谈你对聚簇索引的理解？][10. 2]

[11. 谈谈你对哈希索引的理解？][11. 1]

[12. 谈谈你对覆盖索引的认识？][12.]

[13. 索引的分类？][13. 2]

[14. 谈谈你对最左前缀原则的理解？][14. 1]

[15. 怎么知道创建的索引有没有被使用到？或者说怎么才可以知道这条语句运行很慢的原因?][15. 1]

[16. 什么情况下索引会失效？即查询不走索引？][16. 1]

[17. 查询性能的优化方法？][17. 1]

[18. InnoDB 和 MyISAM 的比较？][18. InnoDB _ MyISAM]

[19. 谈谈你对水平切分和垂直切分的理解？][19. 1]

[20. 主从复制中涉及到哪三个线程？][20. 1]

[21. 主从同步的延迟原因及解决办法？][21. 2]

[22. 谈谈你对数据库读写分离的理解？][22. 3]

[23. 请你描述下事务的特性？][23. 2]

[24. 谈谈你对事务隔离级别的理解？][24.]

[25. 解释下什么叫脏读、不可重复读和幻读？][25. 2]

[26. MySQL 默认的隔离级别是什么？][26. MySQL]

[27. 谈谈你对MVCC 的了解？][27. _MVCC]

[28. 说一下 MySQL 的行锁和表锁？][28. _ MySQL]

[29. InnoDB 存储引擎的锁的算法有哪些？][29. InnoDB]

[30. MySQL 问题排查都有哪些手段？][30. MySQL]

[31. MySQL 数据库 CPU 飙升到 500% 的话他怎么处理？][31. MySQL _ CPU _ 500_]

### 八、Redis 12 道 ###

[1. 谈下你对 Redis 的了解？][1. _ Redis]

[2. Redis 一般都有哪些使用场景？][2. Redis]

[3. Redis 有哪些常见的功能？][3. Redis]

[4. Redis 支持的数据类型有哪些？][4. Redis]

[5. Redis 为什么这么快？][5. Redis]

[6. 什么是缓存穿透？怎么解决？][6. 4]

[7. 什么是缓存雪崩？该如何解决？][7. 1]

[8. 怎么保证缓存和数据库数据的一致性？][8. 2]

[9. Redis 持久化有几种方式？][9. Redis]

[10. Redis 怎么实现分布式锁？][10. Redis]

[11. Redis 淘汰策略有哪些？][11. Redis]

[12. Redis 常见性能问题和解决方案？][12. Redis]

### 九、计算机网络 45 道 ###

[1. 为什么需要三次握手？两次不行？][1. 2]

[2. 为什么需要四次挥手？三次不行？][2. 3]

[3. TCP与UDP有哪些区别？各自应用场景？][3. TCP_UDP]

[4. HTTP1.0，1.1，2.0 的版本区别][4. HTTP1.0_1.1_2.0]

[5. POST和GET有哪些区别？各自应用场景？][5. POST_GET]

[6. HTTP 哪些常用的状态码及使用场景？][6. HTTP]

[7. HTTP状态码301和302的区别，都有哪些用途？][7. HTTP_301_302]

[8. 在交互过程中如果数据传送完了，还不想断开连接怎么办，怎么维持？][8. 3]

[9. HTTP 如何实现长连接？在什么时候会超时？][9. HTTP]

[10. TCP 如何保证有效传输及拥塞控制原理][10. TCP]

[11. IP地址有哪些分类？][11. IP]

[12. GET请求中URL编码的意义][12. GET_URL]

[13. 什么是SQL 注入？举个例子？][13. _SQL]

[14. 谈一谈 XSS 攻击，举个例子？][14. _ XSS]

[15. 讲一下网络五层模型，每一层的职责？][15. 2]

[16. 简单说下 HTTPS 和 HTTP 的区别][16. _ HTTPS _ HTTP]

[17. 对称加密与非对称加密的区别][17. 2]

[18. 简单说下每一层对应的网络协议有哪些？][18. 1]

[19. ARP 协议的工作原理？][19. ARP]

[20. TCP 的主要特点是什么？][20. TCP]

[21. UDP 的主要特点是什么？][21. UDP]

[22. TCP 和 UDP 分别对应的常见应用层协议有哪些？][22. TCP _ UDP]

[23. 为什么 TIME-WAIT 状态必须等待 2MSL 的时间呢？][23. _ TIME-WAIT _ 2MSL]

[24. 保活计时器的作用？][24. 1]

[25. TCP 协议是如何保证可靠传输的？][25. TCP]

[26. 谈谈你对停止等待协议的理解？][26. 1]

[27. 谈谈你对 ARQ 协议的理解？][27. _ ARQ]

[28. 谈谈你对滑动窗口的了解？][28. 1]

[29. 谈下你对流量控制的理解？][29.]

[30. 谈下你对 TCP 拥塞控制的理解？使用了哪些算法？][30. _ TCP]

[31. 什么是粘包？][31. 1]

[32. TCP 黏包是怎么产生的？][32. TCP]

[33. 怎么解决拆包和粘包？][33. 2]

[34. forward 和 redirect 的区别？][34. forward _ redirect]

[35. HTTP 方法有哪些？][35. HTTP]

[36. 在浏览器中输入 URL 地址到显示主页的过程？][36. _ URL]

[37. DNS 的解析过程？][37. DNS]

[38. 谈谈你对域名缓存的了解？][38. 1]

[39. 谈下你对 HTTP 长连接和短连接的理解？分别应用于哪些场景？][39. _ HTTP]

[40. HTTPS 的工作过程？][40. HTTPS]

[41. HTTP 和 HTTPS 的区别？][41. HTTP _ HTTPS]

[42. HTTPS 的优缺点？][42. HTTPS]

[43. 什么是数字签名？][43. 1]

[44. 什么是数字证书？][44.]

[45. Cookie 和 Session 有什么区别？][45. Cookie _ Session]

### 十、操作系统 32 道 ###

[1. 简单说下你对并发和并行的理解？][1. 3]

[2. 同步、异步、阻塞、非阻塞的概念][2. 4]

[3. 进程和线程的基本概念][3. 3]

[4. 进程与线程的区别？][4. 3]

[5. 为什么有了进程，还要有线程呢？][5. 1]

[6. 进程的状态转换][6. 5]

[7. 进程间的通信方式有哪些？][7. 2]

[8. 进程的调度算法有哪些？][8. 4]

[9. 什么是死锁？][9. 3]

[10. 产生死锁的原因？][10. 3]

[11. 死锁产生的必要条件？][11. 2]

[12. 解决死锁的基本方法？][12. 1]

[13. 怎么预防死锁？][13. 3]

[14. 怎么避免死锁？][14. 2]

[15. 怎么解除死锁？][15. 3]

[16. 什么是缓冲区溢出？有什么危害？][16. 2]

[17. 分页与分段的区别？][17. 3]

[18. 物理地址、逻辑地址、虚拟内存的概念][18. 2]

[19. 页面置换算法有哪些？][19. 2]

[20. 谈谈你对动态链接库和静态链接库的理解？][20. 2]

[21. 外中断和异常有什么区别？][21. 3]

[22. 一个程序从开始运行到结束的完整过程，你能说出来多少？][22. 4]

[23. 什么是用户态和内核态][23. 3]

[24. 用户态和内核态是如何切换的？][24. 2]

[25. 进程终止的方式][25. 3]

[26. 守护进程、僵尸进程和孤儿进程][26. 2]

[27. 如何避免僵尸进程？][27.]

[28. 介绍一下几种典型的锁？][28. 2]

[29. 常见内存分配内存错误][29. 1]

[30. 内存交换中，被换出的进程保存在哪里？][30. 2]

[31. 原子操作的是如何实现的][31. 2]

[32. 抖动你知道是什么吗？它也叫颠簸现象][32. 2]

### 十一、消息队列与分布式 26 道 ###

[1. 消息队列的基本作用？][1. 4]

[2. 消息队列的优缺点有哪些？][2. 5]

[3. 如何保证消息队列的高可用？][3. 4]

[4. 如何保证消息不被重复消费？或者说，如何保证消息消费的幂等性？][4. 4]

[5. 如何保证消息的可靠性传输？或者说，如何处理消息丢失的问题？][5. 2]

[6. 如何保证消息的顺序性？][6. 6]

[7. 大量消息在 MQ 里长时间积压，该如何解决？][7. _ MQ]

[8. MQ 中的消息过期失效了怎么办？][8. MQ]

[9. RabbitMQ 有哪些重要的角色？][9. RabbitMQ]

[10. RabbitMQ 有哪些重要的组件？][10. RabbitMQ]

[11. RabbitMQ 有几种广播类型？][11. RabbitMQ]

[12. Kafka 可以脱离 zookeeper 单独使用吗？为什么？][12. Kafka _ zookeeper]

[13. Kafka 有几种数据保留的策略？][13. Kafka]

[14. Kafka 的分区策略有哪些？][14. Kafka]

[15. 谈下你对 Zookeeper 的认识？][15. _ Zookeeper]

[16. Zookeeper 都有哪些功能？][16. Zookeeper]

[17. 谈下你对 ZAB 协议的了解？][17. _ ZAB]

[18. Zookeeper 怎么保证主从节点的状态同步？][18. Zookeeper]

[19. Zookeeper 有几种部署模式？][19. Zookeeper]

[20. 说一下 Zookeeper 的通知机制？][20. _ Zookeeper]

[21. 集群中为什么要有主节点？][21. 4]

[22. 集群中有 3 台服务器，其中一个节点宕机，这个时候 Zookeeper 还可以使用吗？][22. _ 3 _ Zookeeper]

[23. 说一下两阶段提交和三阶段提交的过程？分别有什么问题？][23. 4]

[24. Zookeeper 宕机如何处理？][24. Zookeeper]

[25. 说下四种类型的数据节点 Znode？][25. _ Znode]

[26. Zookeeper 和 Dubbo 的关系？][26. Zookeeper _ Dubbo]

更多互联网大厂面经，例如腾讯，阿里，字节跳动等等，也正在更新中…

### 作者简洁 ###

> 作者：大家好，我是帅地，从大学、自学一路走来，深知**算法**，**计算机基础知识**的重要性，目前正在维护自己的 [个人网站][Link 1] ， 专注于写校招，面试，入门等教程**转载说明**：未获得授权，禁止转载

[https_wwww.iamshuaidi.com]: https://wwww.iamshuaidi.com/
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[5. Java _ private _ static]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D857
[6.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D859
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[10.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D868
[11. 12_short s1 _ 1_s1 _ s1 _ 1_ short s1 _ 1_ s1 _ 1]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D870
[12. Integer _ int]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D872
[13.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D874
[14. switch _ byte _ long _ String]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D877
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[17. _ hashCode_ _ equals_ _ true]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D899
[18. _ equals_ _ hashCode_]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D901
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[25.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D918
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[27. _]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D923
[28. List _ List _]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D925
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[30.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D929
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[32.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D933
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[34. super]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D937
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[36. String]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D963
[37. String_StringBuilder_StringBuffer]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D966
[38. String]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D969
[39. String str _ _i_ _ String str _ new String_i_]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D972
[40. String]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D975
[41. final _ StringBuffer _ append]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D978
[42. Java _ IO]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D980
[43.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D983
[44. BIO_NIO_AIO]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D985
[Java]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mzg2NzA4MTkxNQ==&mid=100010983&idx=1&sn=18d17d09e349caebc71ef73c5e7a6f2f&chksm=4e43a03379342925ae588baabe5f31c0344c2c753f474e6ced3eec7d277d38056707a5be98d3#rd
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[2. finally]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D941
[3. try-catch-finally _ catch _ return _finally]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D943
[4. try-catch-finally]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D945
[5. Error _ Exception]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D947
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[8.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D955
[9. 1]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D958
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[2. ArrayList _ LinkedList]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D991
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[5. Array _ ArrayList _ Array]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D997
[6. HashMap _JDK1.7 _ JDK1.8]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1000
[7. HashMap _ put]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1003
[8. HashMap _ get]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1005
[9. HashMap _ resize]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1007
[10. HashMap _ size _ 2]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1009
[11. HashMap]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1012
[12. HashMap _ get _ map]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1014
[13. HashMap _ HashTable]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1017
[14. HashMap _ ConcurrentHashMap]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1019
[15. HashTable _ ConcurrentHashMap]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1021
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[18. HashSet]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1027
[19. LinkedHashMap]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1029
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[21. Iterator _ ListIterator]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1035
[22. Iterator _ Enumeration]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1037
[23. fail-fast _ fail-safe]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1040
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[3.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1051
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[13. _ ThreadLocal]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1076
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[16. _ JDK1.6 _ synchronized]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1084
[17. _ synchronized _ ReenTrantLock]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1086
[18. synchronized _ volatile]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1089
[19. _ volatile]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1092
[20. _ ReentrantReadWriteLock]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1095
[21.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1097
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[24. CAS _ synchronized]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1105
[25. _ Java]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1108
[26. atomic]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1110
[27. _ AQS]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1112
[28. AQS]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1114
[29. AQS]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1117
[30. AQS]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1120
[31. _ Semaphore]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1122
[32. CountDownLatch _ CyclicBarrier]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1124
[33.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1126
[34.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1129
[35. 1]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1131
[36.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1133
[37. _ execute_ _ submit_]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1135
[38. _ Fork_Join]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1138
[39. JDK]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1140
[40. _ CopyOnWriteArrayList]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1142
[41. _ BlockingQueue]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1144
[42. _ ConcurrentSkipListMap]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1146
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[18.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1192
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[22. 2]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1204
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[24. _ G1]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1209
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[38.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1244
[39.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1246
[40. _ HotSpot]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1249
[41. _ Java]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1251
[42.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1254
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[2. _ AOP]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1532
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[6. _Advice_Advice]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1544
[7. _ IOC]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1547
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[20. SpringMVC]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1583
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[24. SpringMVC]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1594
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[27. _ MyBatis]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1603
[28. MyBaits]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1606
[29. MyBatis _ Hibernate]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1609
[30. MyBatis _ _ _]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1612
[31. MyBatis]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1615
[32. MyBatis]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1618
[33. MyBatis]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1620
[34. MyBatis]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1623
[35. _ MyBatis]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1625
[36. Mybatis _Executor]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1628
[37. MyBatis _ SQL _ SQL_ SQL]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1631
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[27. _MVCC]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1477
[28. _ MySQL]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1480
[29. InnoDB]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1483
[30. MySQL]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1486
[31. MySQL _ CPU _ 500_]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1489
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[2. Redis]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1495
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[26. 2]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1849
[27.]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1852
[28. 2]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1855
[29. 1]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1949
[30. 2]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1951
[31. 2]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1954
[32. 2]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1956
[1. 4]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1636
[2. 5]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1638
[3. 4]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1640
[4. 4]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1642
[5. 2]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1645
[6. 6]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1648
[7. _ MQ]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1651
[8. MQ]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1654
[9. RabbitMQ]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1657
[10. RabbitMQ]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1660
[11. RabbitMQ]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1663
[12. Kafka _ zookeeper]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1666
[13. Kafka]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1669
[14. Kafka]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1672
[15. _ Zookeeper]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1675
[16. Zookeeper]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1678
[17. _ ZAB]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1680
[18. Zookeeper]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1683
[19. Zookeeper]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1686
[20. _ Zookeeper]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1689
[21. 4]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1691
[22. _ 3 _ Zookeeper]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1694
[23. 4]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1697
[24. Zookeeper]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1700
[25. _ Znode]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1703
[26. Zookeeper _ Dubbo]: https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.iamshuaidi.com/%3Fp%3D1706
[Link 1]: https://www.iamshuaidi.com