Swagger--使用/教程/实例/配置

青旅半醒 2022-09-15 15:58 210阅读 0赞

原文网址：[Swagger--使用/教程/实例/配置\_IT利刃出鞘的博客-CSDN博客][Swagger--_IT_-CSDN]

# 简介 #

**说明**

本文用实例介绍Swagger的使用。

Swagger是很常用的接口文档工具，在类和方法上加个注解，就可以在网页端查看接口信息了。

Swagger界面不是很精致，有新的框架已经出现（knife4j），它是基于Swagger，对前端页面进行了美化，其他都没变：配置方法没变，还是使用Swagger的原来的注解。Knife4j的使用方法见：[Knife4j--使用/教程/实例/配置\_IT利刃出鞘的博客-CSDN博客][Knife4j--_IT_-CSDN]

**官网**

[GitHub - SpringForAll/spring-boot-starter-swagger][GitHub - SpringForAll_spring-boot-starter-swagger]（github：有详细教程）

# 依赖及配置 #

## 法1：官方方案 ##

**引入官方依赖**

<dependency>
                <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
                <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
                <version>2.9.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
                <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
                <version>2.9.2</version>
            </dependency>

第一个是API获取的包，第二是官方给出的一个ui界面。这个界面可以自定义，默认是官方的，对于安全问题，以及ui路由设置需要着重思考。

**主类启用swagger**

package com.example.demo;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableSwagger2
    public class DemoSpringBootApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(DemoSpringBootApplication.class, args);
        }
    
    }

**配置swagger**

Swagger2Config.java

一定注意“RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage”要填写正确

package com.example.demo.conf;
    
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
    import springfox.documentation.builders.ParameterBuilder;
    import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
    import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
    import springfox.documentation.schema.ModelRef;
    import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
    import springfox.documentation.service.Contact;
    import springfox.documentation.service.Parameter;
    import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
    import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
    import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Configuration
    public class Swagger2Config {
        private boolean swaggerShow = true;
        @Bean
        public Docket createRestApi() {
            return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
                    .enable(swaggerShow)
                    .groupName("demo.controller1(groupName)")
                    //.globalOperationParameters(getTocken())
                    .apiInfo(apiInfo())
                    .select()
                    .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.example.demo.controller"))
                    .paths(PathSelectors.any())
                    .build();
        }
    
        // 可以为多个包添加接口说明。（@Bean的方法名是任意的）
        // 实际开发中，groupName与RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage应一一对应。（本处为简洁用了同一个）
        @Bean
        public Docket createRestApi2() {
            return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
                    .enable(swaggerShow)
                    .groupName("demo.controller2(groupName)")
                    //.globalOperationParameters(getTocken())
                    .apiInfo(apiInfo())
                    .select()
                    .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.example.demo.controller"))
                    .paths(PathSelectors.any())
                    .build();
        }
    
        private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
            return new ApiInfoBuilder()
                    .title("Swagger的Demo（title）")
                    .description("Swagger的Demo（description）")
                    //下边这行可以直接注释掉
                    .termsOfServiceUrl("https://blog.csdn.net/feiying0canglang/")
                    .contact(new Contact("xxx公司", "https://blog.csdn.net/feiying0canglang/", "abcd@qq.com"))
                    .version("Swagger的Demo（version）")
                    .build();
        }
    
    //    public List getTocken() {
    //        List<Parameter> list = new ArrayList<>();
    //        ParameterBuilder tocken = new ParameterBuilder()
    //                .name("token")
    //                .description("认证信息")
    //                .modelRef(new ModelRef("string"))
    //                .parameterType("header")
    //                //这里写token值
    //                .defaultValue("xxxxxx")
    //                .required(true);
    //        list.add(tocken.build());
    //
    //        return list;
    //    }
    }

如上代码所示，

*  通过@Configuration注解，让Spring来加载该类配置。
 *  再通过@EnableSwagger2注解来启用Swagger2。
 *  再通过createRestApi函数创建Docket的Bean之后，apiInfo()用来创建该Api的基本信息（会展现在文档页面中）。
 *  select()函数返回一个ApiSelectorBuilder实例用来控制哪些接口暴露给Swagger来展现，本例采用指定扫描的包路径来定义，Swagger会扫描该包下所有Controller定义的API，并产生文档内容（除了被@ApiIgnore指定的请求）。

## 法2：starter方案 ##

**其他网址**

[https://github.com/SpringForAll/spring-boot-starter-swagger][GitHub - SpringForAll_spring-boot-starter-swagger]

**引入依赖**

<dependency>
    		<groupId>com.spring4all</groupId>
    		<artifactId>swagger-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    		<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
    	</dependency>

**启用**

在应用主类中增加@EnableSwagger2Doc注解

@EnableSwagger2Doc
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class DemoApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

默认情况下就能产生所有当前Spring MVC加载的请求映射文档。

**配置示例**

swagger.enabled=true
    
    swagger.title=spring-boot-starter-swagger
    swagger.description=Starter for swagger 2.x
    swagger.version=1.4.0.RELEASE
    swagger.license=Apache License, Version 2.0
    swagger.licenseUrl=https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
    swagger.termsOfServiceUrl=https://github.com/dyc87112/spring-boot-starter-swagger
    swagger.contact.name=didi
    swagger.contact.url=http://blog.didispace.com
    swagger.contact.email=dyc87112@qq.com
    swagger.base-package=com.didispace
    swagger.base-path=/**
    swagger.exclude-path=/error, /ops/**
    
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].name=name one
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].description=some description one
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].modelRef=string
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].parameterType=header
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].required=true
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].name=name two
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].description=some description two
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].modelRef=string
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].parameterType=body
    swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].required=false
    
    // 取消使用默认预定义的响应消息,并使用自定义响应消息
    swagger.apply-default-response-messages=false
    swagger.global-response-message.get[0].code=401
    swagger.global-response-message.get[0].message=401get
    swagger.global-response-message.get[1].code=500
    swagger.global-response-message.get[1].message=500get
    swagger.global-response-message.get[1].modelRef=ERROR
    swagger.global-response-message.post[0].code=500
    swagger.global-response-message.post[0].message=500post
    swagger.global-response-message.post[0].modelRef=ERROR

**配置说明**

默认配置：

- swagger.enabled=是否启用swagger，默认：true
    - swagger.title=标题
    - swagger.description=描述
    - swagger.version=版本
    - swagger.license=许可证
    - swagger.licenseUrl=许可证URL
    - swagger.termsOfServiceUrl=服务条款URL
    - swagger.contact.name=维护人
    - swagger.contact.url=维护人URL
    - swagger.contact.email=维护人email
    - swagger.base-package=swagger扫描的基础包，默认：全扫描
    - swagger.base-path=需要处理的基础URL规则，默认：/**
    - swagger.exclude-path=需要排除的URL规则，默认：空
    - swagger.host=文档的host信息，默认：空
    - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].name=参数名
    - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].description=描述信息
    - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].modelRef=指定参数类型
    - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].parameterType=指定参数存放位置,可选header,query,path,body.form
    - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].required=指定参数是否必传，true,false

# 编写代码 #

Controller的方法不是很多，但很多方法都要用@ApiImplicitParam进行注解。如果方法增多，而大部分方法都是与User类有关的，那么有没有什么办法优化呢？

答案是：有。可把User类以及其字段进行注解，这样在Controller中就不用对大部分方法使用@ApiImplicitParam了。

## 法1：注解写到Controller ##

package com.example.demo.controller;
    
    import com.example.demo.bean.User;
    import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    //不写则默认为："user-controller"。只写tags即可，页面上显示的是tags的值。
    //@Api(tags = "用户控制器")
    @Api(   
           tags = {"用户控制器a(tags)", "用户控制器b(tags)"},
           value = "用户管理控制器(value)", 
    )
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping(value="/users")     // 通过这里配置使下面的映射都在/users下，可去除
    public class UserController {
        static Map<Long, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Long, User>());
    
        @ApiOperation("获取用户列表")
        @RequestMapping(value={""}, method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public List<User> getUserList() {
            List<User> r = new ArrayList<User>(users.values());
            return r;
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="创建用户", notes="根据User对象创建用户")
        @ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", 
              required = true, dataTypeClass = User.class)
        @RequestMapping(value="", method=RequestMethod.POST)
        public String postUser(@RequestBody User user) {
            users.put(user.getId(), user);
            return "success";
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息")
        @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataTypeClass = Long.class)
        @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
            return users.get(id);
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="更新用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id指定更新对象，并根据传来的user信息更新用户详细信息")
        @ApiImplicitParams({
                @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataTypeClass = Long.class),
                @ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataTypeClass = User.class)
        })
        @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT)
        public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) {
            User u = users.get(id);
            u.setName(user.getName());
            u.setAge(user.getAge());
            users.put(id, u);
            return "success";
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据url的id来指定删除对象")
        @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataTypeClass = Long.class)
        @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method= RequestMethod.DELETE)
        public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
            users.remove(id);
            return "success";
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="删除所有用户", notes="")
        @RequestMapping(value="", method= RequestMethod.DELETE)
        public String deleteAllUser() {
            users.clear();
            return "success";
        }
    }

## 法2：注解写到Entity ##

### Controller ###

**UserController.java**

package com.example.demo.controller;
    
    import com.example.demo.bean.User;
    import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    //不写，默认名字为："user controller"。一般只写tags就够了。
    @Api(   value = "用户管理控制器(value)", 
            tags = {"用户控制器a(tags)", "用户控制器b(tags)"},
           //tags = "用户控制器"
    )
    //@Api(tags = "用户控制器")
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping(value="/users")     // 通过这里配置使下面的映射都在/users下，可去除
    public class UserController {
        static Map<Long, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Long, User>());
    
        @ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="")
        @RequestMapping(value={""}, method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public List<User> getUserList() {
            List<User> r = new ArrayList<User>(users.values());
            return r;
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="创建用户", notes="根据User对象创建用户")
        @RequestMapping(value="", method=RequestMethod.POST)
        public String postUser(@RequestBody User user) {
            users.put(user.getId(), user);
            return "success";
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息")
        @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
        public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
            return users.get(id);
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="更新用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id指定更新对象，并根据传来的user信息更新用户详细信息")
        @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT)
        public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) {
            User u = users.get(id);
            u.setName(user.getName());
            u.setAge(user.getAge());
            users.put(id, u);
            return "success";
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据url的id来指定删除对象")
        @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method= RequestMethod.DELETE)
        public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
            users.remove(id);
            return "success";
        }
    
        @ApiOperation(value="删除所有用户", notes="")
        @RequestMapping(value="", method= RequestMethod.DELETE)
        public String deleteAllUser() {
            users.clear();
            return "success";
        }
    }

### Entity ###

**User.java**

package com.example.demo.bean;
    
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
    import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    @Data
    @ApiModel(value = "用户详细实体user(value)", description = "用户id，名字，年龄(description)")
    public class User {
        //一般这样即可：@ApiModelProperty("用户ID(value)")
        @ApiModelProperty(name = "id(name)", value = "用户ID(value)", required = true, dataType = "Long")
        private Long id;
    
        private String name;
        private Long age;
    }

# 文档查看测试 #

运行项目。成功后访问：[http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html][http_localhost_8080_swagger-ui.html]

可得到此页面

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

**点击“Terms of service”**：可以跳转到我们指定的网址，本处是“[IT利刃出鞘的博客\_CSDN博客][IT_CSDN]”

**点击“用户控制器a(tags)”**：可以查看接口

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

**点击“http://localhost/v2/api-docs?group=demo.controller1(groupName)”**：

可以得到下边内容

（我用的是火狐浏览器，它自动解析JSON，若是360极速浏览器则没这个效果）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

# 接口实际测试 #

Swagger不仅可以提供接口查看，还可以直接测试。

接上文。点击“创建用户”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

点击“Try it out”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

点击完之后出现以下界面。箭头所指的数字和字符串等是可以更改的，本处进行修改。改完后点击最下方“Execute”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

即出现成功响应

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

同样的操作，操作“获取用户列表” ，结果如下

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

# 问题解决 #

**上传文件**

**错误写**法

@PostMapping(value = "/upload-image")
    @ApiOperation(value = "图片上传", notes = "图片上传")
    @ApiImplicitParams({
    		@ApiImplicitParam(name = "deviceId", value = "deviceId", required = true, dataType = "String"),
    		@ApiImplicitParam(name = "attach", value = "上传文件", required = true, dataType = "File"),
    
    })
    public JsonResult imageUpload(String deviceId,
    							  MultipartFile file) {
    }

**正确写法**

@PostMapping(value = "/upload-image", headers="content-type=multipart/form-data")
    @ApiOperation(value = "图片上传", notes = "图片上传")
    @ApiImplicitParams({
    		@ApiImplicitParam(name = "deviceId", value = "deviceId", required = true, dataType = "String")
    })
    public JsonResult imageUpload(String deviceId,
    							  @ApiParam(name = "attach", value = "上传文件", required = true)
    							  MultipartFile file) {
    }

当然，如果与前端已经约定了用form-data，则无需添加： headers="content-type=multipart/form-data"

# 其他网址 #

[swagger 介绍及两种使用方法\_程序猿-HZQ-CSDN博客\_swagger][swagger _-HZQ-CSDN_swagger]  
[Spring Boot中使用Swagger2构建强大的RESTful API文档 - 简书][Spring Boot_Swagger2_RESTful API_ -]  
[Swagger - 简书][Swagger -]

[Swagger--_IT_-CSDN]: https://knife.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120752619
[Knife4j--_IT_-CSDN]: https://knife.blog.csdn.net/article/details/120753090
[GitHub - SpringForAll_spring-boot-starter-swagger]: https://github.com/SpringForAll/spring-boot-starter-swagger
[http_localhost_8080_swagger-ui.html]: http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlaXlpbmcwY2FuZ2xhbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220828/5891e07184f7412495e527f553538f9c.png
[IT_CSDN]: https://blog.csdn.net/feiying0canglang/
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[swagger _-HZQ-CSDN_swagger]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37509652/article/details/80094370
[Spring Boot_Swagger2_RESTful API_ -]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/8033ef83a8ed
[Swagger -]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/a0caf58b3653