centos开启NFS

谁借莪１个温暖的怀抱￠ 2022-09-20 15:27 131阅读 0赞

\[root@centos-0 ~\]\# rpm -qa|grep rpcbind  
\[root@centos-0 ~\]\# rpm -qa|grep nfs

\[root@centos-0 ~\]\# chkconfig --list  
NetworkManager  0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
abrt-ccpp       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:on    6:off  
abrtd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:on    6:off  
acpid           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
atd             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
auditd          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
blk-availability        0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
bluetooth       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
cpuspeed        0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
crond           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
dnsmasq         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
firstboot       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:on    6:off  
haldaemon       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
ip6tables       0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
iptables        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
irqbalance      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
kdump           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
lvm2-monitor    0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
mdmonitor       0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
messagebus      0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
netconsole      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
netfs           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
network         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
ntpd            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
ntpdate         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
postfix         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
psacct          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
quota\_nld       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
rdisc           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
restorecond     0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
rngd            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
rsyslog         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
saslauthd       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
smartd          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
spice-vdagentd  0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:on    6:off  
sshd            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
svnserve        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
sysstat         0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
udev-post       0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
vsftpd          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off  
wdaemon         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
winbind         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off  
wpa\_supplicant  0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

yum install nfs-utils.x86\_64

\[root@centos-0 ~\]\# yum install nfs-utils.x86\_64  
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security  
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  
 \* base: centos.ustc.edu.cn  
 \* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn  
 \* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn  
base                                                                                                                   | 3.7 kB     00:00      
extras                                                                                                                 | 3.4 kB     00:00      
updates                                                                                                                | 3.4 kB     00:00      
updates/primary\_db                                                                                                     | 5.1 MB     00:09      
Setting up Install Process  
Resolving Dependencies  
\--> Running transaction check  
\---> Package nfs-utils.x86\_64 1:1.2.3-36.el6 will be installed  
\--> Processing Dependency: nfs-utils-lib >= 1.1.0-3 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: keyutils >= 1.4-4 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: rpcbind for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: libtirpc for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1(libgssapi\_CITI\_2)(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: libevent for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: libtirpc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: libnfsidmap.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Processing Dependency: libevent-1.4.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64  
\--> Running transaction check  
\---> Package keyutils.x86\_64 0:1.4-4.el6 will be installed  
\---> Package libevent.x86\_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6 will be installed  
\---> Package libgssglue.x86\_64 0:0.1-11.el6 will be installed  
\---> Package libtirpc.x86\_64 0:0.2.1-6.el6\_4 will be installed  
\---> Package nfs-utils-lib.x86\_64 0:1.1.5-6.el6 will be installed  
\---> Package rpcbind.x86\_64 0:0.2.0-11.el6 will be installed  
\--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================================  
 Package                             Arch                         Version                                 Repository                     Size  
==============================================================================================================================================  
Installing:  
 nfs-utils                           x86\_64                       1:1.2.3-36.el6                          base                          319 k  
Installing for dependencies:  
 keyutils                            x86\_64                       1.4-4.el6                               base                           39 k  
 libevent                            x86\_64                       1.4.13-4.el6                            base                           66 k  
 libgssglue                          x86\_64                       0.1-11.el6                              base                           23 k  
 libtirpc                            x86\_64                       0.2.1-6.el6\_4                           updates                        78 k  
 nfs-utils-lib                       x86\_64                       1.1.5-6.el6                             base                           67 k  
 rpcbind                             x86\_64                       0.2.0-11.el6                            base                           51 k

Transaction Summary  
==============================================================================================================================================  
Install       7 Package(s)

Total download size: 644 k  
Installed size: 1.7 M  
Is this ok \[y/N\]: y  
Downloading Packages:  
(1/7): keyutils-1.4-4.el6.x86\_64.rpm                                                                                   |  39 kB     00:00      
(2/7): libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86\_64.rpm                                                                                |  66 kB     00:00      
(3/7): libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86\_64.rpm                                                                                |  23 kB     00:00      
(4/7): libtirpc-0.2.1-6.el6\_4.x86\_64.rpm                                                                                                                  |  78 kB     00:00      
(5/7): nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64.rpm                                                                                                                  | 319 kB     00:02      
(6/7): nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-6.el6.x86\_64.rpm                                                                                                               |  67 kB     00:00      
(7/7): rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86\_64.rpm                                                                                                                    |  51 kB     00:00      
\---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
Total                                                                                                                                            141 kB/s | 644 kB     00:04      
Running rpm\_check\_debug  
Running Transaction Test  
Transaction Test Succeeded  
Running Transaction  
  Installing : libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                                  1/7  
  Installing : libtirpc-0.2.1-6.el6\_4.x86\_64                                                                                                                                 2/7  
  Installing : rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                                   3/7  
  Installing : keyutils-1.4-4.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                                     4/7  
  Installing : libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                                  5/7  
  Installing : nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-6.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                              6/7  
  Installing : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                               7/7  
  Verifying  : rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                                   1/7  
  Verifying  : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-36.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                               2/7  
  Verifying  : libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                                  3/7  
  Verifying  : nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-6.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                              4/7  
  Verifying  : libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                                  5/7  
  Verifying  : keyutils-1.4-4.el6.x86\_64                                                                                                                                     6/7  
  Verifying  : libtirpc-0.2.1-6.el6\_4.x86\_64                                                                                                                                 7/7

Installed:  
  nfs-utils.x86\_64 1:1.2.3-36.el6

Dependency Installed:  
  keyutils.x86\_64 0:1.4-4.el6      libevent.x86\_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6    libgssglue.x86\_64 0:0.1-11.el6    libtirpc.x86\_64 0:0.2.1-6.el6\_4    nfs-utils-lib.x86\_64 0:1.1.5-6.el6    
  rpcbind.x86\_64 0:0.2.0-11.el6

Complete!  
\[root@centos-0 ~\]\#

\[root@centos-1 ~\]\# /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs restart  
Shutting down NFS daemon: \[FAILED\]  
Shutting down NFS mountd: \[FAILED\]  
Shutting down NFS quotas: \[FAILED\]  
Starting NFS services:  \[  OK  \]  
Starting NFS quotas: Cannot register service: RPC: Unable to receive; errno = Connection refused  
rpc.rquotad: unable to register (RQUOTAPROG, RQUOTAVERS, udp).  
\[FAILED\]  
Starting NFS mountd: \[FAILED\]  
Starting NFS daemon: rpc.nfsd: writing fd to kernel failed: errno 111 (Connection refused)  
rpc.nfsd: unable to set any sockets for nfsd  
\[FAILED\]

开启rpcbind  
\[root@centos-1 ~\]\# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start  
Starting rpcbind: \[  OK  \]

开启nfs  
\[root@centos-1 ~\]\#  /etc/init.d/nfs start  
Starting NFS services:  \[  OK  \]  
Starting NFS quotas: \[  OK  \]  
Starting NFS mountd: \[  OK  \]  
Starting NFS daemon: \[  OK  \]  
\[root@centos-1 ~\]\# showmount  
Hosts on centos-1.msdomain:  
2013/11/11

\[root@centos-1 ~\]\# chkconfig rpcbind on  
\[root@centos-1 ~\]\# chkconfig nfs on

\[root@centos-1 ~\]\# showmount  
clnt\_create: RPC: Program not registered

\[root@centos-1 ~\]\#  /etc/init.d/nfs restart

\[root@centos-1 ~\]\# showmount  
Hosts on centos-1.msdomain:

可以mount本地一个目录到另外一个目录，以便提供NFS  
mount --bind /home/bigdir /mnt/nfsdir

fstab 中加入如下内容，以便开机启动挂载  
/mnt/nfsdir /home/bigdir none rw,bind 0 0

/etc/exports中加入如下内容，以便导出NFS列表  
/mnt/nfsdir 192.168.0.1/24(rw,sync,no\_root\_squash)

192.168.0.1/24 指192.168.0.x网段可访问，也可指定固定IP地址

ro 只读访问  
rw 读写访问  
sync 所有数据在请求时写入共享  
async NFS在写入数据前可以相应请求  
secure NFS通过1024以下的安全TCP/IP端口发送  
insecure NFS通过1024以上的端口发送  
wdelay 如果多个用户要写入NFS目录，则归组写入（默认）  
no\_wdelay 如果多个用户要写入NFS目录，则立即写入，当使用async时，无需此设置。  
hide 在NFS共享目录中不共享其子目录  
no\_hide 共享NFS目录的子目录  
subtree\_check 如果共享/usr/bin之类的子目录时，强制NFS检查父目录的权限（默认）  
no\_subtree\_check 和上面相对，不检查父目录权限  
all\_squash 共享文件的UID和GID映射匿名用户anonymous，适合公用目录。  
no\_all\_squash 保留共享文件的UID和GID（默认）  
root\_squash root用户的所有请求映射成如anonymous用户一样的权限（默认）  
no\_root\_squas root用户具有根目录的完全管理访问权限  
anonuid=xxx 指定NFS服务器/etc/passwd文件中匿名用户的UID

客户机/etc/fstab加入如下内容，以便启动自动挂载

ServerA:/mnt/nfsdir /mnt/nfsdir nfs rw,timeo=300,retrans=5,hard,intr,bg,suid  
其中，  
ServerA - NFS 服务器的计算机名  
rw - 读和写访问  
timeo=300 - 如果 nfs 服务器在规定时间内没有响应（以十分之一秒为单位），则允许内核超时  
retrans=5 - 设置在返回错误之前重复的请求数  
hard - 当服务器挂起时，客户机将被阻塞，直到服务器重新处于活动状态  
intr - 客户机（用户）可以中断会导致错误的被阻塞的操作  
bg - 如果装配失败，系统继续在后台重试，然后继续  
suid - 允许 set-user-identifier 或 set-group-identifier 生效