ssm单元测试(junit)简单使用

系统管理员 2022-10-02 05:45 302阅读 0赞

## 测试 ##

**软件测试**

*  单元测试：对你每个函数单元进行测试，保证每个模块正常工作
 *  集成测试：对已经测试过的功能模块进行组装后的测试
 *  系统测试：检验软件产品能否与系统的其他部分协调工作
 *  验收测试：

**测试方法**

*  黑盒测试：一直软件功能，根据特定的输入检查是否得到了预期的效果
 *  白盒测试：已知软件内部结构细节，可以通过测试证明每种操作是否符合设计要求

**单元测试应该具备的特性**

*  自动化：调用测试自动化和检查结果自动化
 *  彻底性：测试所有可能出现的问题
 *  可重复：多次执行的结果一致
 *  独立的：单元测试的执行与其它文件无关
 *  专业的：单元测试与编码同样重要，在编写单元测试时应遵循Java编码原则。

## 常见assert断言 ##

*  assertArrayEquals(expecteds,actuals)查看两个数组是否相等。
 *  assertEquals(expecteds,actuals)查看两个对象是否相等，类似于字符串比较使用的equals()方法。（不能比较double类型，double类型比较相等，用减法，然后差值在一个很小的范围内，就可以说这两个相等）
 *  assertNotEquals(first,second)查看两个对象是否不相等。
 *  assertNull(object) 查看对象是否为空。
 *  assertNotNull(object) 查看对象是否不为空。
 *  assertSame(expected,actual) 查看两个地址一样
 *  assertNotSame(expected,actual) 查看两个地址不一样
 *  assertTrue(condition) 查看允许结果是否是true
 *  assertFalse(condition) 查看允许结果是否是false
 *  assertThat(actual,matcher) 查看实际结果是否满足指定的条件
 *  fail() 让测试失败

设置测试前setup(@before)和测试后tearDown(@After)  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzMzcxMDA0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

@Before
        public void setUp() throws Exception { 
        }
    
        @After
        public void tearDown() throws Exception { 
        }

--------------------

## contorller层测试 ##

package com.westos.student.controller;
    
    import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
    import com.westos.student.service.StudentServiceInterface;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    import java.sql.ResultSet;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @RequestMapping("/api")
    @RestController
    public class StudentController { 
    
        @Autowired
        private StudentServiceInterface studentService;
        /** * 前后端分离时一般在api层会给出http状态码 * @param student * @return */
        @RequestMapping("/listStudent.do")
        public ResponseEntity<List<Student>> listStudent(Student student){ 
            List<Student> result = studentService.listStudent(student);
            return new ResponseEntity<List<Student>>(result,HttpStatus.OK);
        }
    
        @RequestMapping("/saveStudent.do")
        public ResponseEntity<Integer> save(Student student){ 
            Integer result = studentService.save(student);
            return new ResponseEntity<Integer>(result,HttpStatus.OK);
        }
    }

可以选择new 对象进行测试

package com.westos.student.controller;
    
    import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    
    public class StudentControllerTest4 { 
        private StudentController studentController;
    
        @Before
        public void setUp() throws Exception { 
        //每次测试前new对象
            studentController = new StudentController();
        }
    
        @Test
        public void listStudent() { 
        	//按照学生id查询
            Student student = new Student();
            student.setId(1);
            ResponseEntity<List<Student>> list = studentController.listStudent(student);
    		 //断言状态码为OK
            assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK,list.getStatusCode());
            //断言查出来1条数据
            assertEquals(1,list.getBody().size());
        }
    
        @Test
        public void save() { 
        }
    }

如果controller中方法参数是HttpServletRequest或者HttpServletResponse的话。  
先添加依赖包

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

然后

MockHttpServletRequest request=new MockHttpServletRequest();
    request.setParameter("name","zhangsan");
    //然后将request传入。相当于模拟给request传参了。

以上的是利用new对象的方式。现在利用spring注入的方式。

## spring注入 ##

给测试类前加上注解就可以启动spring了

package com.westos.student.controller;
    
    import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    public class StudentControllerTest { 
    
        @Autowired
        protected WebApplicationContext wac;
    
    
        @Autowired
        private StudentController studentController;
    
        @Before
        public void setup(){ 
            assertNotNull(studentController);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void listStudent() { 
            ResponseEntity<List<Student>> list = studentController.listStudent(null);
            assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK,list.getStatusCode());
            assertEquals(2,list.getBody().size());
        }
    }

## 测试DAO层 ##

spring.xml中加上提供的jdbc。

package com.westos.student.dao;
    
    import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    public class StudentDAOTest { 
    
        @Autowired
        protected WebApplicationContext wac;
    
        @Autowired
        private StudentDAO dao;
    
        @Autowired
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    
        @Before
        public void setup(){ 
            assertNotNull(wac);
            assertNotNull(dao);
        }
        @Test
        public void listStudent() { 
            //执行dao的函数
            Student stu=new Student();
            stu.setName("Jim");
            List<Student> list = dao.listStudent(stu);
            assertEquals(2,list.get(0).getId().intValue());
            assertEquals("Jim",list.get(0).getName());
        }
    
    
        @Test
        public void save(){ 
            //删除库中的多余数据
            jdbcTemplate.execute("delete from student where id=3");
            Student student=new Student();
            student.setId(3);
            student.setName("张三");
            Integer result=dao.save(student);
            assertEquals(1,result.intValue());
            //及时删除数据
            jdbcTemplate.execute("delete from student where id=3");
        }
    }

## 测试service层 ##

方式1，自动装配，使用service中使用dao。

package com.westos.student.service;
    
    import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    public class StudentServiceTest { 
    
        @Autowired
        protected WebApplicationContext wac;
    
        @Autowired
        private StudentService studentService;
    
        @Before
        public void  setup(){ 
            assertNotNull(studentService);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void listStudent() { 
    
            Student student=new Student();
            List<Student> list = studentService.listStudent(student);
            assertEquals(2,list.size());
        }
    }

方式2，独立测试，不使用dao，你写完了service层，你的队友dao层还没写完，那你要等他吗？不等，自己测试自己的。

引入包

<dependency>
              <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
              <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
              <version>2.28.2</version>
              <scope>test</scope>
          </dependency>

package com.westos.student.service;
    
    import com.westos.student.dao.StudentDAO;
    import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
    import org.mockito.Mock;
    import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
    import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
    
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    public class StudentService2Test { 
    
        @Autowired
        protected WebApplicationContext wac;
    
        @InjectMocks
        private StudentService studentService;
    
        @Mock
        private StudentDAO studentDAO;//假的studentDAO
    
        @Before
        public void  setup(){ 
        	//初始化mock
            MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
            assertNotNull(studentService);
        }
    
    
        @Test
        public void listStudent() { 
            List<Student> result=new ArrayList<Student>();
            Student student1=new Student();
            student1.setId(1);
            student1.setName("John");
            result.add(student1);
            Student student2=new Student();
            student2.setId(2);
            student2.setName("Jim");
            result.add(student2);
            //当调用studentDAO.listStudent(any(Student.class))时，让DAO返回自己设定的值
            when(studentDAO.listStudent(any(Student.class))).thenReturn(result);
            Student student=new Student();
            List<Student> list = studentService.listStudent(student);
            assertEquals(2,list.size());
        }
    
        @Test
        public void save() { 
        }
    }

## 修改controller层测试，让它可以实现独立测试 ##

package com.westos.student.controller;
    
    import com.westos.student.service.StudentServiceInterface;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
    import org.mockito.Mock;
    import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    public class StudentController2Test { 
    
        @InjectMocks
        private StudentController studentController;
    
        @Mock
        private StudentServiceInterface studentService;
    
        @Before
        public void setup(){ 
            MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        }
        @Test
        public void listStudent() { 
    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void save() { 
        }
    }

## 再次修改controller，模拟HTTP请求（集成测试） ##

因为以上的测试中，如果代码中有拦截器之类的，是拦截不到的，因为直接调用的controller方法。

package com.westos.student.controller;
    
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import com.westos.student.entity.Student;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
    import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
    import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
    import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
    
    import java.util.List;
    
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup;
    import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup;
    
    import static org.junit.Assert.*;
    
    @WebAppConfiguration
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    public class StudentController3Test { 
        private MockMvc mockMvc;
    
        @Autowired
        protected WebApplicationContext wac;
    
        @Autowired
        private StudentController studentController;
    
        @Before
        public void setup(){ 
            //构建全部的controller，测试比较全面
            // this.mockMvc=webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
            
            //构建指定的controller,加载的controller少，速度较快
            this.mockMvc=standaloneSetup(studentController).build();
        }
    
        @Test
        public void listStudent() throws Exception { 
            String url="/api/listStudent.do";
            MvcResult result = this.mockMvc.perform(post(url).param("name", "Jim")).andExpect(status().isOk()).andReturn();
            String str = result.getResponse().getContentAsString();
            List<Student> list = JSON.parseArray(str, Student.class);
            assertEquals(1,list.size());
            assertEquals(2,list.get(0).getId().intValue());
            assertEquals("Jim",list.get(0).getName());
    
            //gei session添加东西，跳过登陆（登陆信息存在session中）。
            result = this.mockMvc.perform(post(url).sessionAttr("LOGINUSERID","admin")).andExpect(status().isOk()).andReturn();
            str = result.getResponse().getContentAsString();
             list = JSON.parseArray(str, Student.class);
            assertEquals(2,list.size());
    
    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void save() { 
        }
    }

--------------------

谢谢！

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