RabbitMQ学习总结（7）——Spring整合RabbitMQ实例

桃扇骨 2022-10-02 08:59 212阅读 0赞

[2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>> ][2019_Python_] ![hot3.png][]

### 1.RabbitMQ简介 ###

RabbitMQ是流行的开源消息队列系统，用erlang语言开发。RabbitMQ是AMQP（高级消息队列协议）的标准实现。   
官网：[http://www.rabbitmq.com/][http_www.rabbitmq.com]

### 2.Spring集成RabbitMQ ###

#### 2.1 maven配置 ####

//pom.xml
    <dependency>
          <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
          <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
          <version>3.5.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

#### 2.2 rabbmitmq配置文件 ####

//rabbitmq-config.properties
    mq.host=127.0.0.1
    mq.username=test
    mq.password=123456
    mq.port=5672
    mq.vhost=testmq

#### 2.3 Spring配置 ####

//application-mq.xml
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit" 
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.0.xsd" >
    
        <description>rabbitmq 连接服务配置</description>
        
        <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${mq.host}" username="${mq.username}" password="${mq.password}" port="${mq.port}"  virtual-host="${mq.vhost}"/>
        <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
    
        
        <rabbit:template exchange="amqpExchange" id="amqpTemplate"  connection-factory="connectionFactory"  message-converter="jsonMessageConverter" />
    
        
        <bean id="jsonMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter" />  
    </beans>

### 3. 在Spring中使用RabbitMQ ###

#### 3.1 申明一个消息队列Queue ####

//application-mq.xml
    <rabbit:queue id="test_queue_key" name="test_queue_key" durable="true" auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" />

> 说明：   
>   
> durable:是否持久化  
>   
> exclusive: 仅创建者可以使用的私有队列，断开后自动删除  
>   
> auto\_delete: 当所有消费客户端连接断开后，是否自动删除队列

#### 3.2 交换机定义 ####

//application-mq.xml
    <rabbit:direct-exchange name="test-mq-exchange" durable="true" auto-delete="false" id="test-mq-exchange">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="test_queue_key" key="test_queue_key"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:direct-exchange>

> 说明：   
>   
> rabbit:direct-exchange：定义exchange模式为direct，意思就是消息与一个特定的路由键完全匹配，才会转发。   
>   
> rabbit:binding：设置消息queue匹配的key

#### 3.3 发送消息Producer ####

//MQProducer.java
    public interface MQProducer {
        /**
         * 发送消息到指定队列
         * @param queueKey
         * @param object
         */
        public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object);
    }

@Service
    public class MQProducerImpl implements MQProducer {
        @Autowired
        private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
    
        private final static Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(MQProducerImpl.class);
        /* (non-Javadoc)
         * @see com.stnts.tita.rm.api.mq.MQProducer#sendDataToQueue(java.lang.String, java.lang.Object)
         */
        @Override
        public void sendDataToQueue(String queueKey, Object object) {
            try {
                amqpTemplate.convertAndSend(queueKey, object);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                LOGGER.error(e);
            }
    
        }
    }

> 说明：   
>   
> convertAndSend：将Java对象转换为消息发送到匹配Key的交换机中Exchange，由于配置了JSON转换，这里是将Java对象转换成JSON字符串的形式。原文：Convert a Java object to an Amqp Message and send it to a default exchange with a specific routing key.

#### 3.4 异步接收消息Consumer ####

定义监听器

//QueueListenter.java
    @Component
    public class QueueListenter implements MessageListener {
    
        @Override
        public void onMessage(Message msg) {
            try{
                System.out.print(msg.toString());
            }catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
    }

监听配置

//application-mq.xml
    <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" acknowledge="auto">
        <rabbit:listener queues="test_queue" ref="queueListenter"/>
    </rabbit:listener-container>

> 说明：   
>   
> queues：监听的队列，多个的话用逗号（,）分隔   
>   
> ref：监听器

#### 3.5 JUnit测试 ####

//TestQueue.java
    @RunWith(value = SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = {
        "classpath:/ApplicationContext/ApplicationContext-mq.xml"})
    
    public class TestQueue{
        @Autowired
        MQProducer mqProducer;
    
        final String queue_key = "test_queue";
    
        @Test
        public void send(){
            Map<String,Object> msg = new HashMap()<>;
            msg.put("data","hello,rabbmitmq!");
            mqProducer.sendDataToQueue(query_key,msg);
        }
    }

运行测试程序，Run with JUnit，会发送一条消息到test\_queue，监听器监听到消息后，打印出消息。

至此，已经完成了Spring和RabbmitMQ集成，配置，和使用。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/zhanghaiyang/blog/594802

[2019_Python_]: https://my.oschina.net/u/2663968/blog/3061697
[hot3.png]: /images/20220113/f94b2dcc0eb34d598ec3299590654cab.png
[http_www.rabbitmq.com]: http://www.rabbitmq.com/