Linux之ip命令

刺骨的言语ヽ痛彻心扉 2022-10-02 10:59 396阅读 0赞

ip命令是route2的一个网络配置工具，用于取代ifconfig，route等命令。此命令只是临时添加，重启网卡IP丢失。

常用参数

link：常用于查看网看属性

addr：用于配置/删除多IP

route：用于配置路由信息

rule：用于查看路由表

命令详解：

ip link：主要用于查看网卡属性，或者开启，关闭网卡

show

set

例：show

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip link show   \#\#\#\#\#查看所有网卡的硬件属性，不包括IP地址

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo\_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo\_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip link show eth0 \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#查看某一块网卡信息

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo\_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip -s link show eth1 \#\#\#\#\#\# -s 参数查看统计信息

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo\_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast

2085187 28951 0 0 0 0

TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns

5161 35 0 0 0 0

例：set

\# ip link set eth1 up|down  \#\#\#\#关闭或开始某个网卡

ip addr：用于管理多IP

add 增加一个IP

del 删除IP

show 显示IP

flush 清空IP

例：

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip addr add 10.1.8.16/8 dev eth1 \#\#\#eth1增加IP，并没有使用别名

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid\_lft forever preferred\_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo\_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.16.173/24 brd 172.16.16.255 scope global eth0

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfa0/64 scope link

valid\_lft forever preferred\_lft forever

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo\_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.7.173/24 brd 192.168.7.255 scope global eth1

inet 10.1.8.16/8 scope global eth1 注：ifconfig看不到

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfaa/64 scope link

valid\_lft forever preferred\_lft forever

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip addr add 192.168.29.10/24 dev eth1 label eth1:1

用label关键字增加子卡

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:A0

inet addr:172.16.16.173 Bcast:172.16.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfa0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:27735 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:549 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:1978580 (1.8 MiB) TX bytes:67070 (65.4 KiB)

eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:AA

inet addr:192.168.7.173 Bcast:192.168.7.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfaa/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:31549 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:35 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:2277774 (2.1 MiB) TX bytes:5161 (5.0 KiB)

eth1:1  Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:AA

inet addr:192.168.29.10  Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.0

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1

RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:960 (960.0 b) TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip addr del 192.168.29.10/24 dev eth1:1 \#\#\#删除eth1:1

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:A0

inet addr:172.16.16.173 Bcast:172.16.16.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfa0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:29138 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:627 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:2083498 (1.9 MiB) TX bytes:76506 (74.7 KiB)

eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:01:BF:AA

inet addr:192.168.7.173 Bcast:192.168.7.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfaa/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:32839 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:35 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:2372722 (2.2 MiB) TX bytes:5161 (5.0 KiB)

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1

RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:960 (960.0 b) TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip addr del 10.1.8.16/8 dev eth1 \#\#\#\#删除IP

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip addr show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid\_lft forever preferred\_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo\_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:a0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.16.173/24 brd 172.16.16.255 scope global eth0

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfa0/64 scope link

valid\_lft forever preferred\_lft forever

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER\_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo\_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:01:bf:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.7.173/24 brd 192.168.7.255 scope global eth1

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe01:bfaa/64 scope link

valid\_lft forever preferred\_lft forever

ip route

show:显示路由

add:增加路由

del：删除路由

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip route show 查看路由

192.168.7.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.7.173

172.16.16.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.16.173

169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002

10.0.0.0/8 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.5.10

\[root@localhost ~\]\# route -n 查看路由

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.7.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1

172.16.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0

10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip route add 10.0.8.0/24 via 192.168.7.1

等价于： ip route add 10.0.8.0/24 dev eth1

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip route show

192.168.7.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.7.173

172.16.16.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.16.173

10.0.8.0/24 via 192.168.7.1 dev eth1

169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip route del 10.0.8.0/24

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip route show \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#删除路由

192.168.7.0/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.7.173

172.16.16.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.16.173

169.254.0.0/16 dev eth0 scope link metric 1002

ip rule:查看默认路由，策略路由，本地路由

show|list

\[root@localhost ~\]\# ip rule show

0:from all lookup local

32766:from all lookup main

32767:from all lookup default

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/weilantiankong/1759862

Linux之ip命令

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