基于Docker安装Redis

喜欢ヅ旅行 2022-10-08 11:20 135阅读 0赞

# **docker-redis.yml** #

[root@worker2 docker-yml]# cat redis.yml
    version: '3'
    services:
      redis:
        image: redis
        container_name: docker_redis
        volumes:
          - /docker/redis/data:/data
          - /docker/redis/conf/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
          - /docker/redis/logs:/logs
        command:
    #      两个写入操作 只是为了解决启动后警告 可以去掉
          /bin/bash -c "echo 511 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
          && echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
          && redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf"
        ports:
          - 6379:6379

## 总结 ##

1.  在当前目录打开终端，使用命令 **docker-compose up** 即可运行；
2.  command中的两个写入操作，只是解决运行时的警告，可以删除；
3.  最好打开redis的数据持久化配置；
4.  data、logs分别为数据和日志目录，可参考下面的conf配置；
5.  redis的认证密码一般配置在配置文件的requirepass字段。如果不使用配置文件，可以使用 **command: redis-server --requirepass yourpass** 配置认证密码；
6.  如果只是临时简单使用reids,可以不配置volumes；
7.  最好在设置reids值时，附带版本号，防止版本更新，影响配置而不可用。

## 附录（redis.conf） ##

# Redis配置文件样例
     
    # Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specifiy
    # it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
    #
    # 1k => 1000 bytes
    # 1kb => 1024 bytes
    # 1m => 1000000 bytes
    # 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
    # 1g => 1000000000 bytes
    # 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
    #
    # units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
     
    # Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程
    # 启用守护进程后，Redis会把pid写到一个pidfile中，在/var/run/redis.pid
    daemonize no
     
    # 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定
    pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
     
    # 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379
    # 如果指定0端口，表示Redis不监听TCP连接
    port 6379
     
    # 绑定的主机地址
    # 你可以绑定单一接口，如果没有绑定，所有接口都会监听到来的连接
    # bind 127.0.0.1
     
    # Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for
    # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
    # on a unix socket when not specified.
    #
    # unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
    # unixsocketperm 755
     
    # 当客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能
    timeout 0
     
    # 指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose
    # debug (很多信息, 对开发／测试比较有用)
    # verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
    # notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
    # warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
    loglevel verbose
     
    # 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置为redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null
    logfile /logs/redis.log
     
    # To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
    # and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
    # syslog-enabled no
     
    # Specify the syslog identity.
    # syslog-ident redis
     
    # Specify the syslog facility.  Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
    # syslog-facility local0
     
    # 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用select <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id
    # dbid是从0到‘databases’-1的数目
    databases 16
     
    ################################ SNAPSHOTTING  #################################
    # 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合
    # Save the DB on disk:
    #
    #   save <seconds> <changes>
    #
    #   Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
    #   number of write operations against the DB occurred.
    #
    #   满足以下条件将会同步数据:
    #   900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改
    #   300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改
    #   60秒内有10000个更改
    #   Note: 可以把所有“save”行注释掉，这样就取消同步操作了
     
    save 900 1
    save 300 10
    save 60 10000
     
    # 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大
    rdbcompression yes
     
    # 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb
    dbfilename dump.rdb
     
    # 工作目录.
    # 指定本地数据库存放目录，文件名由上一个dbfilename配置项指定
    #
    # Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory.
    #
    # 注意，这里只能指定一个目录，不能指定文件名
    dir ./
     
    ################################# REPLICATION #################################
     
    # 主从复制。使用slaveof从 Redis服务器复制一个Redis实例。注意，该配置仅限于当前slave有效
    # so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a
    # different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on.
    # 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的ip地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步
    # slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
     
     
    # 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码
    # 下文的“requirepass”配置项可以指定密码
    # masterauth <master-password>
     
    # When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication
    # is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:
    #
    # 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will
    #    still reply to client requests, possibly with out of data data, or the
    #    data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
    #
    # 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with
    #    an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands
    #    but to INFO and SLAVEOF.
    #
    slave-serve-stale-data yes
     
    # Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change
    # this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10
    # seconds.
    #
    # repl-ping-slave-period 10
     
    # The following option sets a timeout for both Bulk transfer I/O timeout and
    # master data or ping response timeout. The default value is 60 seconds.
    #
    # It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
    # specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
    # every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
    #
    # repl-timeout 60
     
    ################################## SECURITY ###################################
     
    # Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
    # 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
    # use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
    # 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过auth <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭
    requirepass yourpass
    # Command renaming.
    #
    # It is possilbe to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
    # environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
    # of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use
    # tools but not available for general clients.
    #
    # Example:
    #
    # rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
    #
    # It is also possilbe to completely kill a command renaming it into
    # an empty string:
    #
    # rename-command CONFIG ""
     
    ################################### LIMITS ####################################
     
    # 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，
    # 如果设置maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max Number of clients reached错误信息
    # maxclients 128
     
    # Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.
    # When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an
    # EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire
    # in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.
    # Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.
    #
    # If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
    # that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
    # to reply to most read-only commands like GET.
    #
    # WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a
    # 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real
    # database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if
    # it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time
    # to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get
    # errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.
    # 指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，
    # 当此方法处理后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。
    # Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区
    # maxmemory <bytes>
     
    # MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
    # is reached? You can select among five behavior:
    #
    # volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
    # allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm
    # volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
    # allkeys->random -> remove a random key, any key
    # volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
    # noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
    #
    # Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write
    #       operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.
    #
    #       At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append
    #       incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
    #       sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
    #       zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
    #       getset mset msetnx exec sort
    #
    # The default is:
    #
    # maxmemory-policy volatile-lru
     
    # LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
    # algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample
    # size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and
    # pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size
    # using the following configuration directive.
    #
    # maxmemory-samples 3
     
    ############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
     
    #
    # Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you
    # like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).
    # Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the
    # log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.
    # 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。
    # 因为redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
    # IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append
    # log file in background when it gets too big.
     
    appendonly yes
     
    # 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof
    # appendfilename appendonly.aof
     
    # The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
    # instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
    # data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
     
    # 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值：
    # no:表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）
    # always:表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）
    # everysec:表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）
     
    appendfsync everysec
    # appendfsync no
     
    # When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
    # saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
    # performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
    # Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
    # this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
    # our synchronous write(2) call.
    #
    # In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
    # that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
    # BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
    #
    # This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is
    # the same as "appendfsync none", that in pratical terms means that it is
    # possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
    # default Linux settings).
    #
    # If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
    # "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
    no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
     
    # Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
    # Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
    # BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage.
    #
    # This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
    # latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of
    # the AOF at startup is used).
    #
    # This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
    # bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
    # you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
    # is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
    # is reached but it is still pretty small.
    #
    # Specify a precentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
    # rewrite feature.
     
    auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
    auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
     
    ################################## SLOW LOG ###################################
     
    # The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
    # execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
    # like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
    # but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
    # stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
    # other requests in the meantime).
    #
    # You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
    # what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
    # command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
    # slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
    # queue of logged commands.
     
    # The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
    # to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
    # a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
    slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
     
    # There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
    # You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
    slowlog-max-len 1024
     
    ################################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ###############################
     
    ### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4
    ### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.
     
    ### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4
    ### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.
     
    # Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual
    # amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory.
    # In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys
    # are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do
    # with memory pages.
    # 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，
    # VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中
    # 把vm-enabled设置为yes，根据需要设置好接下来的三个VM参数，就可以启动VM了
    # vm-enabled no
    # vm-enabled yes
     
    # This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files
    # can't be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap
    # file for every redis process you are running. Redis will complain if the
    # swap file is already in use.
    #
    # Redis交换文件最好的存储是SSD（固态硬盘）
    # 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享
    # *** WARNING *** if you are using a shared hosting the default of putting
    # the swap file under /tmp is not secure. Create a dir with access granted
    # only to Redis user and configure Redis to create the swap file there.
    # vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
     
    # With vm-max-memory 0 the system will swap everything it can. Not a good
    # default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can in bytes, but it's
    # better to leave some margin. For instance specify an amount of RAM
    # that's more or less between 60 and 80% of your free RAM.
    # 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存，无论vm-max-memory设置多少，所有索引数据都是内存存储的（Redis的索引数据就是keys）
    # 也就是说当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候，其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
    # vm-max-memory 0
     
    # Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的数据大小来设定的。
    # 建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最后设置为32或64bytes；如果存储很大的对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不确定，就使用默认值
    # vm-page-size 32
     
    # 设置swap文件中的page数量由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是存放在内存中的，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存
    # swap空间总容量为 vm-page-size * vm-pages
    #
    # With the default of 32-bytes memory pages and 134217728 pages Redis will
    # use a 4 GB swap file, that will use 16 MB of RAM for the page table.
    #
    # It's better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application,
    # but the default is large in order to work in most conditions.
    # vm-pages 134217728
     
    # Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time.
    # This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they
    # also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger
    # number of threads can help with big objects even if they can't help with
    # I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many
    # reads/writes operations at the same time.
    # 设置访问swap文件的I/O线程数，最后不要超过机器的核数，如果设置为0，那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟，默认值为4
    # vm-max-threads 4
     
    ############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
     
    # Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they
    # have at max a given numer of elements, and the biggest element does not
    # exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following
    # configuration directives.
    # 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法
    # hash-max-zipmap-entries 512
    # hash-max-zipmap-value 64
     
    # Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order
    # to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when
    # you are under the following limits:
    list-max-ziplist-entries 512
    list-max-ziplist-value 64
     
    # Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
    # of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range
    # of 64 bit signed integers.
    # The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
    # set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
    set-max-intset-entries 512
     
    # Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
    # order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
    # elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
    zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
    zset-max-ziplist-value 64
     
    # Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
    # order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
    # keys to values). The hash table implementation redis uses (see dict.c)
    # performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table
    # that is rhashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
    # server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
    # by the hash table.
    #
    # The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
    # active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
    #
    # If unsure:
    # use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
    # not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time
    # to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
    # 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启
    activerehashing yes
     
    ################################## INCLUDES ###################################
     
    # 指定包含其他的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件
    # include /path/to/local.conf
    # include /path/to/other.conf