【HarmonyOS】1、HarmonyOS应用开发基础详解（持续更新）

落日映苍穹つ 2022-10-08 14:21 199阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  一、HarmonyOS应用基础详解
 *   *  1、布局设置
     *   *  （1）Java代码布局
         *  （2）XML代码布局
     *  2、读取文件
     *   *  （1）获取系统资源
         *  （2）获取element/string.json
         *  （3）获取element/color.json
         *  （4）获取profile下的文件内容
         *  （5）获取rawfile下的文件内容
     *  3、事件监听
     *   *  （1）点击事件
     *  4、系统日志
     *   *  （1）HiLog
     *  5、路由配置
     *   *  （1）准备多个路由
         *  （2）无参跳转
         *  （2）有参跳转
         *  （3）有返回值跳转
         *  （4）不同主Page之间的跳转
         *  （5）主Page跳转与非主Page的跳转
     *  6、设备迁移
     *   *  （1）获取权限、声明权限
         *  （2）远程启动FA界面
         *  （3）迁移到远程设备
         *  （4）可迁回的迁移远程设备
     *  7、ServiceAbility
     *   *  （1）启动、关闭ServiceAbility
         *  （2）启动、关闭远程ServiceAbility
         *  （3）连接、断开ServiceAbility
 *  微信公众号

# 一、HarmonyOS应用基础详解 #

## 1、布局设置 ##

### （1）Java代码布局 ###

public class SecondAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            DependentLayout layout = new DependentLayout(this);
            layout.setHeight(MATCH_PARENT);
            layout.setWidth(MATCH_PARENT);
            ShapeElement shapeElement = new ShapeElement();
            shapeElement.setRgbColor(new RgbColor(255, 255, 255));
            layout.setBackground(shapeElement);
    
            Text text = new Text(this);
            text.setText("第二个页面");
            text.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
            text.setTextSize(20, Text.TextSizeType.FP);
            // 文本布局
            DependentLayout.LayoutConfig layoutConfig = new DependentLayout.LayoutConfig(MATCH_CONTENT, MATCH_CONTENT);
            layoutConfig.addRule(DependentLayout.LayoutConfig.CENTER_IN_PARENT);
            text.setLayoutConfig(layoutConfig);
    
            layout.addComponent(text);
            super.setUIContent(layout);
        }
    }

### （2）XML代码布局 ###

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <DependentLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos" ohos:width="match_parent" ohos:height="match_parent" ohos:background_element="#ffffff">
    
        <Text ohos:id="$+id:text" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="$ohos:string:request_location_reminder_title" ohos:text_color="#000000" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:center_in_parent="true" ohos:bottom_padding="30vp"/>
    
        <Button ohos:id="$+id:button" ohos:height="match_content" ohos:width="match_content" ohos:text="跳转到下一页" ohos:text_color="#ffffff" ohos:text_size="20fp" ohos:top_padding="8vp" ohos:bottom_padding="8vp" ohos:left_padding="80vp" ohos:right_padding="80vp" ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg" ohos:below="$id:text" ohos:horizontal_center="true"/>
    
    </DependentLayout>

## 2、读取文件 ##

### （1）获取系统资源 ###

xml中获取系统资源

### （2）获取element/string.json ###

### （3）获取element/color.json ###

### （4）获取profile下的文件内容 ###

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
            
            ResourceManager resourceManager = this.getResourceManager();
            try { 
                Resource resource = getResourceManager().getResource(ResourceTable.Profile_ttt);
                InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(resource, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
                String lineText;
                while ((lineText = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { 
                    text.append("," + lineText);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) { 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

### （5）获取rawfile下的文件内容 ###

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
            
            try { 
                Resource resource = getResourceManager().getRawFileEntry("resources/rawfile/test.txt").openRawFile();
                InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(resource, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
                String lineText;
                while ((lineText = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { 
                    text.append("," + lineText);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

## 3、事件监听 ##

### （1）点击事件 ###

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
            
            // 点击事件处理
            Button button = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button);
            button.setClickedListener(component -> { 
                // 点击事件处理
            });
        }
    }

## 4、系统日志 ##

### （1）HiLog ###

public static final HiLogLabel HI_LOG_LABEL = new HiLogLabel(HiLog.LOG_APP, 0x00101, "MainAbility");

HiLog.info(HI_LOG_LABEL, "======onStart执行了");
            HiLog.warn(LABEL, "Failed to visit %{private}s, reason:%{public}d.", url, errno);

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4NzYyMjM3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 5、路由配置 ##

### （1）准备多个路由 ###

*  AbilitySlice1 第一个界面

*  AbilitySlice2 第二个界面

public class AbilitySlice2 extends AbilitySlice { 
    
        @Override
        protected void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_2);
        }
    }

*  主页面配置路由跳转

public class MainAbility extends Ability { 
    
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());
    
    		// 一个Page中绑定多个子页面
            super.addActionRoute("AbilitySlice1", "cn.tellsea.slice.AbilitySlice1");
            super.addActionRoute("AbilitySlice2", AbilitySlice2.class.getName());
        }
    }

*  config.json 中配置路由：AbilitySlice1，AbilitySlice2

"abilities": [
          { 
            "skills": [
              { 
                "entities": [
                  "entity.system.home"
                ],
                "actions": [
                  "action.system.home",
                  "AbilitySlice1",
                  "AbilitySlice2"
                ]
              }
            ],
            "orientation": "unspecified",
            "name": "cn.tellsea.MainAbility",
            "icon": "$media:icon",
            "description": "$string:mainability_description",
            "label": "$string:entry_MainAbility",
            "type": "page",
            "launchType": "standard"
          }
        ]

### （2）无参跳转 ###

点击文本，跳转到路由AbilitySlice1

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
    
            Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
            text.setClickedListener(component -> { 
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                present(new AbilitySlice1(), intent1);
            });
        }
    }

### （2）有参跳转 ###

点击文本，跳转到路由AbilitySlice1，并携带参数user

主界面设置参数

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
    
            Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
            text.setClickedListener(component -> { 
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent1.setParam("user", "Tellsea");
                present(new AbilitySlice1(), intent1);
            });
        }
    }

第二个界面接收参数，并设置到text中

### （3）有返回值跳转 ###

第二个界面中，使用setResult设置数据

public class AbilitySlice1 extends AbilitySlice { 
    
        @Override
        protected void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_1);
    
            Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_ability1);
            if (intent != null) { 
                String user = intent.getStringParam("user");
                text.append("，" + user);
            }
    
            text.setClickedListener(component -> { 
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent1.setParam("password", "123456");
                setResult(intent1);
                // 关闭当前页面，自动返回上一页
                terminate();
            });
        }
    }

第一个页面中，重写onResult接收数据

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
    
        private Text text;
    
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
    
            text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
            text.setClickedListener(component -> { 
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent1.setParam("user", "Tellsea");
                presentForResult(new AbilitySlice1(), intent1, 1314);
            });
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onResult(int requestCode, Intent resultIntent) { 
            // 接收并处理返回的值
            // requestCode可以用来区分是哪个路由跳转的结果
            if (requestCode == 1314) { 
                String password = resultIntent.getStringParam("password");
                text.append("，" + password);
            }
            super.onResult(requestCode, resultIntent);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onActive() { 
            super.onActive();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onForeground(Intent intent) { 
            super.onForeground(intent);
        }
    }

### （4）不同主Page之间的跳转 ###

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
    
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
    
            Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
            text.setClickedListener(component -> { 
                // 跨页面跳转
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent1.setOperation(new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                        .withDeviceId("")
                        .withBundleName("cn.tellsea")
                        .withAbilityName(SecondAbility.class)
                        .build());
                startAbility(intent1);
            });
        }
    }

> 无参，带参，有返回值的三种情况也是一样的写法

### （5）主Page跳转与非主Page的跳转 ###

1、在主Page中点击文本，跳转到另一个Page的非主界面  
2、给第二个Page增加一个非主界面  
3、在第二个Page的Ability添加路由页面

super.addActionRoute("secondAbilitySlice1", SecondAbilitySlice1.class.getName());

4、在config.json中的第二个Page容器注册非主界面

"skills": [
              { 
                "actions": [
                  "secondAbilitySlice1"
                ]
              }
            ],

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
    
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
    
            Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text);
            text.setClickedListener(component -> { 
                // 跨页面跳转
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                // 老版本写法，已过期
                // intent1.setAction("secondAbilitySlice1");
                // 新版本写法
                intent1.setOperation(new Intent.OperationBuilder().withAction("secondAbilitySlice1").build());
                startAbility(intent1);
            });
        }
    }

## 6、设备迁移 ##

### （1）获取权限、声明权限 ###

Ability对应的config.json中声明多设备协同访问的权限，和module平级

三方应用部署权限、分布式数据传输的权限、系统应用使用权限的申请

{ 
        "reqPermissions": [
            { "name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"},
            { "name": "ohos.permission.servicebus.ACCESS_SERVICE"},
            { "name": "com.huawei.hwddmp.servicebus.BIND_SERVICE"}     
        ]
    }

声明分布式获取设备列表及设备信息的权限

{ 
        "reqPermissions": [
            { "name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE"}, 
            { "name": "ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO" }, 
            { "name": "ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO"}
        ]
    }

在需要使用的位置声明权限

public class MainAbility extends Ability { 
    
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setMainRoute(MainAbilitySlice.class.getName());
    
            // 开发者显示声明需要使用的权限
            requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{ "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC",
                    "ohos.permission.servicebus.ACCESS_SERVICE",
                    "com.huawei.hwddmp.servicebus.BIND_SERVICE"}, 0);
        }
    }

### （2）远程启动FA界面 ###

核心代码

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice { 
    
        private Button btn1;
    
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
    
            btn1 = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_btn_01);
            btn1.setClickedListener(component -> { 
                // 实现跨设备启动FA
                // 获取设备ID
                List<DeviceInfo> deviceList = DeviceManager.getDeviceList(DeviceInfo.FLAG_GET_ONLINE_DEVICE);
                if (deviceList.isEmpty()) { 
                    return;
                }
                int deviceNum = deviceList.size();
                List<String> deviceIds = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);
                List<String> deviceNames = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);
                deviceList.forEach((device) -> { 
                    deviceIds.add(device.getDeviceId());
                    deviceNames.add(device.getDeviceName());
                });
                // 假设拿第一个设备作为远程设备
                String deviceIdStr = deviceIds.get(0);
    
                // 启动远程设备
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent.setOperation(new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                        .withDeviceId(deviceIdStr)
                        .withBundleName("cn.tellsea")
                        .withAbilityName(RemoteAbility.class)
                        .withFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE)
                        .build());
                startAbility(intent1);
            });
        }
    
    }

### （3）迁移到远程设备 ###

MigrationAbility（需要迁移的FA）和MigrationAbilitySlice都需要实现AbilityContinuation接口

public class MigrationAbility extends Ability implements IAbilityContinuation { 
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setMainRoute(MigrationAbilitySlice.class.getName());
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onStartContinuation() { 
            System.out.println("发起迁移时调用");
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onSaveData(IntentParams intentParams) { 
            System.out.println("发起迁移时保存数据");
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onRestoreData(IntentParams intentParams) { 
            System.out.println("迁移完成时恢复数据");
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onCompleteContinuation(int i) { 
            System.out.println("迁移完成");
        }
    }

public class MigrationAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements IAbilityContinuation { 
    
        private TextField textField;
        private Button mgBtn;
        private String tfStr = "请输入...";
    
        @Override
        public void onStart(Intent intent) { 
            super.onStart(intent);
            super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_migration);
    
            textField = (TextField) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_textfield_migration);
            textField.setText(tfStr);
            mgBtn = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_button);
            mgBtn.setClickedListener(component -> { 
                // 点击按钮实现FA迁移
                String deviceId = DeviceUtils.getDeviceId();
                if (deviceId != null) { 
                    continueAbility(deviceId);
                }
            });
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onActive() { 
            super.onActive();
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onForeground(Intent intent) { 
            super.onForeground(intent);
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onStartContinuation() { 
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onSaveData(IntentParams intentParams) { 
            intentParams.setParam("data", textField.getText());
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean onRestoreData(IntentParams intentParams) { 
            tfStr = intentParams.getParam("data").toString();
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onCompleteContinuation(int i) { 
            // 迁移完成后，关闭本机的，terminateAbility();
        }
    }

### （4）可迁回的迁移远程设备 ###

与迁移到远程设备一致，将`continueAbility(deviceId)`修改为`continueAbilityReversibly(deviceId)`即可  
如果需要撤回迁移，调用`reverseContinueAbility()`即可

## 7、ServiceAbility ##

### （1）启动、关闭ServiceAbility ###

首先构建一个Intent

Intent intent1 = new Intent();
            Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                    .withDeviceId("")
                    .withBundleName("cn.tellsea")
                    .withAbilityName(LocalServiceAbility.class)
                    .build();
            intent1.setOperation(operation);

启动ServiceAbility

startAbility(intent1);

关闭uaServiceAbility

stopAbility(intent1);

### （2）启动、关闭远程ServiceAbility ###

远程权限配置

"reqPermissions": [
            { "name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"},
            { "name": "ohos.permission.servicebus.ACCESS_SERVICE"},
            { "name": "com.huawei.hwddmp.servicebus.BIND_SERVICE"},
            { "name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE"}, 
            { "name": "ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO" }, 
            { "name": "ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO"} 
        ]

声明需要的权限

// 开发者显示声明需要使用的权限
            requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{ "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC",
                                                    "ohos.permission.servicebus.ACCESS_SERVICE",
                                                    "com.huawei.hwddmp.servicebus.BIND_SERVICE"}, 0);

启动远程ServiceAbility

Intent intent1 = new Intent();
           Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                   .withDeviceId(deviceId)
                    .withBundleName("cn.tellsea")
                    .withAbilityName(LocalServiceAbility.class)
                   .withFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE)
                   .build();
           intent1.setOperation(operation);
           startAbility(intent1);

关闭远程ServiceAbility

Intent intent1 = new Intent();
        Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                .withDeviceId(deviceId)
                .withBundleName("cn.ybzy.hmsdemo")
                .withAbilityName("cn.ybzy.hmsdemo.RemoteServiceAbility")
                .withFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE)
                .build();
        intent1.setOperation(operation);
        stopAbility(intent1);

### （3）连接、断开ServiceAbility ###

本地代理实现  
远端代理实现  
PA通过代理实现调用

# 微信公众号 #

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