HTTPie - API测试工具的另一个选择

可以使用HTTPie作为替代curl和Postman的API的测试工具。

安装HTTPie

MacOS上安装HTTPie：

brew install httpie

HTTPie用法

HTTPie的设计哲学是尽可能的简洁。

# help doc
http --help
# command syntax
http [flags] [METHOD] URL [REQUEST_ITERM]
# method
# 没有发送数据时默认为GET
http GET http://localhost:8080/coffees
http http://localhost:8080/coffees
# 有发送数据时默认为POST
http POST http://localhost:8080/coffees id="123" name="Cafe Milk"
http http://localhost:8080/coffees id="123" name="Cafe Milk"
http http://localhost:8080/coffees < coffee.json
echo '{ "id": "123", "name": "Cafe Happy" }' | http http://localhost:8080/coffees
# 发送表单数据
http -f :8080/kafka/publish message="hello"
# URL
# 默认以http://，也可以指定 https://
# localhost可以缩写为':'，比如localhost:8080可以缩写为:8080，而localhost:80可以缩写为:
http http://localhost:8080/coffees
http :8080/coffees
http http://localhost:8080/coffees id="123" name="Cafe Milk"
http :8080/coffees id="123" name="Cafe Milk"
# REQUEST_ITEM
# 可以用key-value pair来表示HTTP headers, parameters, json data, non-string json data, file, etc.
# 注意key和value之间除了符号，不允许有空格
# ':' HTTP headers:
Referer:http://httpie.org  Cookie:foo=bar  User-Agent:bacon/1.0
# '==' URL parameters to be appended to the request URI:
search==httpie
# '=' Data fields to be serialized into a JSON object (with --json, -j) or form data (with --form, -f):
name=HTTPie  language=Python  description='CLI HTTP client'
# 相当于JSON
{ 
  "name": "HTTPie",
  "language": "Python",
  "description": "CLI HTTP client"
}
# ':=' Non-string JSON data fields (only with --json, -j):
awesome:=true  amount:=42  colors:='["red", "green", "blue"]'
# 相当于JSON
{ 
  "awesome": true,
  "amount": 42,
  "color": ["red", "green", "blue"]
}
# flags
# Predefined Content Types
# 数据格式
# --json, -j，默认为JSON格式，Content-Type: application/json
# --form, -f，表单格式，Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
# --multipart，Content-Type: multipart/form-data
# Output Options
# 默认只输出response headers和resonse body
# --verbose, -v 输出详细信息
# --quiet, -q 不输出信息
# Authentication
# 用户认证
# --auth USER[:PASS], -a USER[:PASS] ， 不提供密码时，HTTPie会要求输入密码
# --auth-type {basic,digest}, -A {basic,digest}，默认认证方法为basic，也就是用户名密码认证方式
http -a USERNAME POST https://api.github.com/repos/httpie/httpie/issues/83/comments body='HTTPie is awesome! :heart:'
# Network
# --offline, Dry run, 不发送数据到站点
http --offline :8080/coffees id="12345" name="Cafe Holiday"
http --offline :8080/coffees id="12345" name="Cafe Holiday" > holiday.http

IntelliJ HTTP Client plugin

IntelliJ默认集成了HTTP Client插件 (基于HTTPie），可以用来作API测试。

HTTP Client插件支持编写HTTP测试脚本，也支持变量和断言，可以满足基本的API测试需要。

HTTP Client测试脚本示例：

# API Testiing
GET { { HOST}}/coffees
Content-Type: application/json
Connection: keep-alive
> { %
  client.test("List Coffees successfully", function() { 
        client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");
    });
 %}
###
POST { { HOST}}/coffees
Content-Type: application/json
Connection: keep-alive
{ 
  "id": "123",
  "name": "Coffee Happy"
}
> { %
  client.test("Add Coffee successfully", function() { 
        client.assert(response.status === 200, "Response status is not 200");
    });
 %}
###