使用SpringBoot跨系统调用接口的方案

r囧r小猫 2022-10-25 05:45 224阅读 0赞

一、简介  
项目开发中存在系统之间互调问题，又不想用dubbo，这里提供几种springboot方案：

1、使用Feign进行消费（推荐）

2、使用原始httpClient请求

3、使用RestTemplate方法

二、方案  
方案一：使用Feign进行消费（推荐）  
1、在maven中添加依赖

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<dependency>  
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>  
<version>2.2.2</version>  
</dependency>  
2、启动类上加上@EnableFeignClients

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@EnableHystrix  
@EnableDiscoveryClient  
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = \{"com.aaa.aurora"\})  
@SpringBootApplication  
@EnableTransactionManagement  
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.aaa.aurora")  
@ImportResource(locations= \{"classpath:spring.xml","spring-security.xml"\})  
@MapperScan("com.aaa.aurora.mapper")  
public class AuroraWebApplication \{  
public static void main(String\[\] args) \{  
SpringApplication.run(AuroraWebApplication.class, args);  
\}  
\}  
3、编写service接口

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@FeignClient(url = "$\{pangu.url\}",name = "panguUrl")  
public interface PanGuService \{  
@RequestMapping(value = "/pangu/restful/check",method = RequestMethod.POST)  
JSONObject check(@RequestParam(name="queryEngine") String queryEngine, @RequestParam(name="querySql") String querySql, @RequestParam(name="jobNo") String jobNo);  
\}  
其中：pangu.url是配置在application.properties中的ip及端口

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pangu.url = 192.168.1.3:8080  
/pangu/restful/check是要调的接口名  
4、代码中调用

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@Autowired  
private PanGuService panGuService;  
  
JSONObject jsonObject = null;  
try \{  
jsonObject = panGuService.auroraPriviledge(PRESTO\_DRIVER, query.get("sql"), user.getWorkNo());  
\} catch (Exception e) \{  
throw new Exception("请求系统异常");  
\}  
if (PANGU\_FAIL.equals(jsonObject.get("code"))) \{  
LOG.info(jsonObject.get("msg").toString());  
throw new BusinessException(jsonObject.get("msg").toString());  
\}  
方案二：使用原始httpClient请求  
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。

1. 创建HttpClient对象。

2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。

3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HttpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。

4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。

5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。

6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接。

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public JSONObject doPost(String queryEngine, String querySql, String jobNo) \{  
JSONObject jsonObject = null;  
//1.创建httpClient对象  
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();  
//2.创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL  
String url = "http://192.168.1.11:8080";  
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);  
post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");  
//3.参数  
AuroraPriviledge auroraPriviledge = new AuroraPriviledge();  
auroraPriviledge.setQueryEngine(queryEngine);  
auroraPriviledge.setQuerySql(querySql);  
auroraPriviledge.setJobNo(jobNo);  
String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(auroraPriviledge);  
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonString, "UTF-8");  
post.setEntity(entity);  
//4.调用execute,返回response  
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;  
try \{  
response = client.execute(post);  
HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();  
\} catch (IOException e) \{  
e.printStackTrace();  
\} catch (Exception e) \{  
e.printStackTrace();  
\} finally \{  
try \{  
if (client != null) \{  
client.close();  
\}  
if (response != null) \{  
response.close();  
\}  
\} catch (IOException e) \{  
e.printStackTrace();  
\}  
\}  
return jsonObject;  
\}  
方案三：使用RestTemplate方法  
1.get请求：getForObject(...)和getForEntity(...)两个方法，区别在于前者直接返回预期的对象，即返回体中的body对象，后者返回的是ResponseEntity封装类，里面包含了HTTP请求的头信息。

2.post请求：与get请求类似，只是多一个request参数，request对象会作为httpEntity进行处理。

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package com.yyy.aurora;  
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;  
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;  
import java.net.URI;  
import java.util.HashMap;  
import java.util.Map;  
  
/\*\*  
\* Description  
\*  
\* @author Bob  
\* @date 2020/4/15  
\*\*/  
public class TestRest \{  
public static void main(String\[\] args) \{  
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();  
//get请求  
//方法一：getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables),没有参数  
String url = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip?key=075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62";  
ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class);  
System.out.println(forEntity);  
// <200,\{"status":"1","info":"OK","infocode":"10000","province":"上海市","city":"上海市","adcode":"310000","rectangle":"120.8397067,30.77980118;122.1137989,31.66889673"\},\{Server=\[Tengine\], Date=\[Sat, 18 Apr 2020 02:47:38 GMT\], Content-Type=\[application/json;charset=UTF-8\], Content-Length=\[167\], Connection=\[close\], X-Powered-By=\[ring/1.0.0\], gsid=\[011130051098158717805837600019751129378\], sc=\[0.071\], Access-Control-Allow-Origin=\[\*\], Access-Control-Allow-Methods=\[\*\], Access-Control-Allow-Headers=\[DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type,key,x-biz,x-info,platinfo,encr,enginever,gzipped,poiid\]\}>  
  
String s = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);  
System.out.println(s);  
// \{"province":"上海市","city":"上海市","adcode":"310000","infocode":"10000","rectangle":"120.8397067,30.77980118;122.1137989,31.66889673","status":"1","info":"OK"\}  
//方法一：getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables),url中用占位符，传入参数  
//该方法提供了三个参数，其中var1为请求的地址(即url)，var2为请求响应body的包装类型，var3为url中的参数绑定  
url = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip?key=\{?\}";  
forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class, "075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62");  
//方法二：getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables),map传参  
url = "https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip?key=\{key\}";  
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();  
map.put("key", "075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62");  
forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class, map);  
  
//方法三：getForEntity(URI url, Class<T> responseType),uri传参  
URI uri = URI.create("https://restapi.amap.com/v3/ip?key=075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62");  
forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(uri, String.class);  
//post请求,与get请求类型,只是多一个必填request对象  
//postForEntity(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables)  
forEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, null, String.class, "075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62");  
s = restTemplate.postForObject(url, null, String.class, "075b6eddd825148a674dfa8a8558ac62");  
\}  
\}  
补充：SpringBoot关于系统之间的远程互相调用

1、SpringBoot关于系统之间的远程互相调用  
可以采用RestTemplate方式发起Rest Http调用，提供有get、post等方式。

1、1远程工具类

此处使用Post方式，参考下面封装的HttpClient类 1.1

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/\*\*  
\* Created by @kai on 2018/12/24/024.  
\* Time: 13:54  
\* Desc: 远程连接工具类  
\*/  
@Service  
public class HttpClient \{  
  
/\*\*  
\* 根据远程地址发起访问-参数类型为form表单  
\* @param url 远程地址  
\* @param method 远程方法  
\* @param params 方法参数  
\* @return  
\*/  
public Object client(String url,HttpMethod method,MultiValueMap<String,String> params)\{  
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();  
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();  
headers.add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");  
HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(params, headers);  
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,httpEntity,String.class);  
String body = responseEntity.getBody();  
JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(body);  
return jsonObject.get("data");  
\}  
  
/\*\*  
\* 根据远程地址发起访问-参数类型为JSON  
\* @param url 远程地址  
\* @param method 远程方法  
\* @param params 方法参数  
\* @return  
\*/  
public Object clientJson(String url,HttpMethod method,Map<String,Object> params)\{  
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();  
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();  
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION\_JSON\_UTF8);  
cn.hutool.json.JSONObject jsonObject = JSONUtil.parseFromMap(params);  
HttpEntity<cn.hutool.json.JSONObject> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<>(jsonObject, headers);  
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,httpEntity,String.class);  
String body = responseEntity.getBody();  
JSONObject jsonObjectResult = JSONObject.parseObject(body);  
return jsonObjectResult.get("data");  
\}  
  
\}  
\[ 1.1\]

1、2远程参数说明

工具类中提供了远程过程中传递参数的两种格式：

其中 headers.add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded") 为form表单格式，支持键值对数据传输；

当参数类型为form表单时，数据需要封装成MultiValueMap<String,String>格式，前台使用controller接受时，可以直接使用 MultiValueMap 变量接收，参照代码如下 1.2

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/\*\*  
\* 保存分组策略对象  
\* @param  
\* @return  
\*/  
@RequestMapping(value = "/saveDocGroupPolicy",method = RequestMethod.POST)  
public ApiResult saveGroupPolicy(@RequestParam MultiValueMap<String,String> paramMap,@Valid GroupStrategyIO groupStrategyIO)\{  
Integer userId = ShiroUtil.getExamUserId();  
List<String> userList = new ArrayList<>();  
userList.add(userId+"");  
paramMap.put("userId",userList);  
Object jsonObject = httpClient.client(ExamConfigConstants.url+"/exam/configPolicy/saveDocGroupPolicy", HttpMethod.POST, paramMap);  
return ApiResult.success(jsonObject);  
\}  
\[ 1.2\] 接受参数为form对象

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headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION\_JSON\_UTF8)  
为json数据格式

当参数为json格式时，远程服务器接受参数需加上注解@RequestBody，对于复杂参数可以使用对象接受，将对象转为Map，对数据进行加工，再将map转化为JSONObject,参照代码如下：1.3

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/\*\*  
\* 保存试卷策略  
\* @param paperStrategyIO 试卷策略对象  
\* @return  
\*/  
@RequestMapping(value = "/savePaperConfig")  
public ApiResult savePaperConfig(@RequestBody PaperStrategyIO paperStrategyIO)\{  
Map<String, Object> paramMap = BeanUtil.beanToMap(paperStrategyIO);  
Integer userId = ShiroUtil.getExamUserId();  
paramMap.put("userId",userId);  
Object jsonObject = httpClient.clientJson(ExamConfigConstants.url+"/exam/paper/savePaperConfigWithMap", HttpMethod.POST, paramMap);  
return ApiResult.success(jsonObject);