解决virtualenv -p python3 venv报错的问题

女爷i 2022-10-28 10:08 220阅读 0赞

在阿里云服务器上，用virtualenv创建虚拟环境时，报了个错误

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root@iZwz982qla1uxm1s5dnyo7Z:/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info\# virtualenv -p python3 venv  
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2  
New python executable in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python2  
Not overwriting existing python script /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python (you must use /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/bin/python2)  
Please make sure you remove any previous custom paths from your /root/.pydistutils.cfg file.  
1 \[global\]  
Installing setuptools, pkg\_resources, pip, wheel...  
Complete output from command /usr/lib/python3/dis...nfo/venv/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg\_resources pip wheel:  
Collecting setuptools  
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/ff/f4/385715ccc461885f3cedf57a41ae3c12b5fec3f35cce4c8706b1a112a133/setuptools-40.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (567kB)  
Collecting pkg\_resources  
Exception:  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/basecommand.py", line 209, in main  
status = self.run(options, args)  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/commands/install.py", line 328, in run  
wb.build(autobuilding=True)  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/wheel.py", line 748, in build  
self.requirement\_set.prepare\_files(self.finder)  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req\_set.py", line 360, in prepare\_files  
ignore\_dependencies=self.ignore\_dependencies))  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req\_set.py", line 512, in \_prepare\_file  
finder, self.upgrade, require\_hashes)  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/req/req\_install.py", line 273, in populate\_link  
self.link = finder.find\_requirement(self, upgrade)  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 442, in find\_requirement  
all\_candidates = self.find\_all\_candidates(req.name)  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 400, in find\_all\_candidates  
for page in self.\_get\_pages(url\_locations, project\_name):  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 545, in \_get\_pages  
page = self.\_get\_page(location)  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 648, in \_get\_page  
return HTMLPage.get\_page(link, session=self.session)  
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pip-8.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/index.py", line 760, in get\_page  
resp.raise\_for\_status()  
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv-15.0.1.egg-info/venv/share/python-wheels/requests-2.9.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/models.py", line 840, in raise\_for\_status  
raise HTTPError(http\_error\_msg, response=self)  
HTTPError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/pkg-resources/  
\----------------------------------------  
...Installing setuptools, pkg\_resources, pip, wheel...done.  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2363, in <module>  
main()  
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 719, in main  
symlink=options.symlink)  
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 988, in create\_environment  
download=download,  
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 918, in install\_wheel  
call\_subprocess(cmd, show\_stdout=False, extra\_env=env, stdin=SCRIPT)  
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 812, in call\_subprocess  
% (cmd\_desc, proc.returncode))  
OSError: Command /usr/lib/python3/dis...nfo/venv/bin/python2 - setuptools pkg\_resources pip wheel failed with error code 2  
看到HTTPError: 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/pkg-resources/以为是阿里云的安全组配置没配好，折腾了半天，原来是访问PyPI镜像源出了问题，将pip的默认的源地址改为国内源即可。

具体操作如下：  
vim ~/.pip/pip.conf打开pip配置文件:

写入

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\[global\]  
index-url = http://e.pypi.python.org/simple  
以下这几个国内源都可以

e.pypi.python.org

pypi.douban.com

pypi.hustunique.com

补充：使用virtualenv创建Python3.7虚拟环境时报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '\_ctypes'的解决方法

使用virtualenv创建Python3.7.6版本虚拟环境时，遇到了标题中的报错，记录一下解决过程。

出现这种情况一般是因为缺少依赖包libffi-devel  
在安装3.7以上版本时，需要一个新的libffi-devel包做依赖

使用yum安装依赖

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yum install libffi-devel -y  
删除之前安装的报错的虚拟环境目录

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rm -f venv  
重新编译安装系统Python3.7.6（需要先找到安装时的Python源码包，cd到目录中）

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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3  
make && make install  
删除之前建立的软连接

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rm -rf /usr/bin/python3  
rm -rf /usr/bin/pip3  
重新建立软连接

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ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python3  
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.7 /usr/bin/pip3  
到此Python3重新安装完成，可以用python3、pip3命令测试一下是否安装成功。

进入虚拟目录将要存放的目录，使用新安装的Python3创建虚拟环境。此处需要使用-p参数指定Python版本路径，否则默认创建Python2的环境。

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virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venv  
测试进入创建好的虚拟环境中

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source venv/bin/activate  
退出环境

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deactivate  
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考