28，29_激活函数与GPU加速、Tanh和sigmoid、ReLU、Leaky ReLU、SELU、Softplus、GPU accelerated、案例、argmax

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2022-10-29 09:27 212阅读 0赞

## 1.24.激活函数与GPU加速 ##

**关于激活函数的图形（Tanh和sigmoid的图形形状如下）：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3RvdG8xMjk3NDg4NTA0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
**ReLU的形状如下：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3RvdG8xMjk3NDg4NTA0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
**Leaky ReLU的激活函数如下：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3RvdG8xMjk3NDg4NTA0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
**SELU的图形如下：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3RvdG8xMjk3NDg4NTA0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
**Softplus的形状如下：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3RvdG8xMjk3NDg4NTA0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
**GPU accelerated**

device = torch.device('cuda:0')
    net = MLP().to(device)
    optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
    criteon = nn.CrossEntropy().to(device)
    
    for epoch in range(epochs):
        for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
    	    data = data.view(-1, 28 * 28)
    		data, target = data.to(device),target.cuda()

**案例：**

import  torch
    import  torch.nn as nn
    import  torch.nn.functional as F
    import  torch.optim as optim
    from    torchvision import datasets, transforms
    
    
    batch_size=200
    learning_rate=0.01
    epochs=10
    
    train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
        datasets.MNIST('../data', train=True, download=True,
                       transform=transforms.Compose([
                           transforms.ToTensor(),
                           transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
                       ])),
        batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
    test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
        datasets.MNIST('../data', train=False, transform=transforms.Compose([
            transforms.ToTensor(),
            transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
        ])),
        batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
    
    
    class MLP(nn.Module):
    
        def __init__(self):
            super(MLP, self).__init__()
    
            self.model = nn.Sequential(
                nn.Linear(784, 200),
                nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
                nn.Linear(200, 200),
                nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
                nn.Linear(200, 10),
                nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
            )
    
        def forward(self, x):
            x = self.model(x)
    
            return x
    
    device = torch.device('cuda:0')
    net = MLP().to(device)
    optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
    criteon = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().to(device)
    
    for epoch in range(epochs):
    
        for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
            data = data.view(-1, 28*28)
            data, target = data.to(device), target.cuda()
    
            logits = net(data)
            loss = criteon(logits, target)
    
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            # print(w1.grad.norm(), w2.grad.norm())
            optimizer.step()
    
            if batch_idx % 100 == 0:
                print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
                    epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
                           100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), loss.item()))
    
        test_loss = 0
        correct = 0
        for data, target in test_loader:
            data = data.view(-1, 28 * 28)
            data, target = data.to(device), target.cuda()
            logits = net(data)
            test_loss += criteon(logits, target).item()
    
            pred = logits.data.max(1)[1]
            correct += pred.eq(target.data).sum()
    
        test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
        print('\nTest set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format(
            test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
            100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)))

**argmax的使用：**

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
    
    import torch
    import torch.nn as nn
    import torch.nn.functional as F
    import torch.optim as optim
    from torchvision import datasets, transforms
    
    
    batch_size=200
    learning_rate=0.01
    epochs=10
    
    train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
        datasets.MNIST('../data', train=True, download=True,
                       transform=transforms.Compose([
                           transforms.ToTensor(),
                           transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
                       ])),
        batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
    
    
    test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
        datasets.MNIST('../data', train=False, transform=transforms.Compose([
            transforms.ToTensor(),
            transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))
        ])),
        batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
    
    
    class MLP(nn.Module):
    
        def __init__(self):
            super(MLP, self).__init__()
    
            self.model = nn.Sequential(
                nn.Linear(784, 200),
                nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
                nn.Linear(200, 200),
                nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
                nn.Linear(200, 10),
                nn.LeakyReLU(inplace=True),
            )
    
        def forward(self, x):
            x = self.model(x)
    
            return x
    
    
    device = torch.device('cuda:0')
    net = MLP().to(device)
    optimizer = optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
    criteon = nn.CrossEntropyLoss().to(device)
    
    
    for epoch in range(epochs):
    
        for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
            data = data.view(-1, 28 * 28)
            data, target = data.to(device), target.cuda()
    
            logits = net(data)
            loss = criteon(logits, target)
    
            optimizer.zero_grad()
            loss.backward()
            # print(w1.grad.norm(), w2.grad.norm())
            optimizer.step()
    
            if batch_idx % 100 == 0:
                print('Train Epoch: {} [{}/{} ({:.0f}%)]\tLoss: {:.6f}'.format(
                    epoch, batch_idx * len(data), len(train_loader.dataset),
                    100. * batch_idx / len(train_loader), loss.item()))
    
        test_loss = 0
        correct = 0
        for data, target in test_loader:
            data = data.view(-1, 28 * 28)
            data, target = data.to(device), target.cuda()
            logits = net(data)
            test_loss += criteon(logits, target).item()
    
            pred = logits.argmax(dim=1)
            correct += pred.eq(target).float().sum().item()
    
        test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
        print('\nTest set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)\n'.format(
            test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset),
            100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)))

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