【Spring】MVC：HandlerMapping 初始化及 handler 获取

绝地灬酷狼 2022-10-31 12:23 201阅读 0赞

# 一、请求的分发过程 #

首先简单描述一下，请求的分发过程。一个请求到来，会走到DispatcherServlet的doDispatch方法。这个方法非常重要，封装了整个请求的分发过程，其中有一段代码如下：

//根据请求找到对应的handler 
    mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest, false);
    if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) { 
       noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
       return;
    }
    
    // Determine handler adapter for the current request.
    HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
    ......  调用拦截器等   ......
    // Actually invoke the handler.
    mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

`mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest, false)` 这个方法根据request得到的是一个HandlerExecutionChain对象，他包含了mvc模块的拦截器即handlerInterceptor和真正处理请求的handler。这个方法最终调用的是下面的这个方法，它也在ispatcherServlet中：

protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { 
       for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) { 
          if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { 
             logger.trace(
                   "Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
          }
          HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
          if (handler != null) { 
             return handler;
          }
       }
       return null;
    }

终于今天要详细说明的主角来了，我们看到 HandlerExecutionChain 是从 handlerMappings中取得的，但是 handlerMappings是怎么来的呢？

# 二、DispatcherServlet 中 handlerMapping的初始化 #

## initHandlerMappings ##

在DispatcherServlet类下有这样一个方法

private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) { 
       this.handlerMappings = null;
    
       if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) { 
          // Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
          Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
                BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
          if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) { 
             this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<HandlerMapping>(matchingBeans.values());
             // We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
             OrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
          }
       }
       else { 
          try { 
             HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
             this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
          }
          catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) { 
             // Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
          }
       }
    
       // Ensure we have at least one HandlerMapping, by registering
       // a default HandlerMapping if no other mappings are found.
       if (this.handlerMappings == null) { 
          this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
          if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { 
             logger.debug("No HandlerMappings found in servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default");
          }
       }
    }

根据方法的名字可以猜出，它就是初始化handermapping的地方。而这个方法的逻辑也不是很复杂，就是向容器索要HandlerMapping的实现类。 可知这个时候handermapper的bean的定义已经在容器中了。但是，这段初始化的代码是怎么调起的呢？

# RequestMappingHandlerMapping #

*  <mvc:annotation-driven /> 默认注入的 handlerMapping

## handleMapping在容器中的初始化过程 ##

我们在spring的配置文件中通常会加入这样一个标签 <mvc:annotation-driven />，用来支持基于注解的映射。

*  而它的实现类是AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser,这个类又向容器中注册了RequestMappingHandlerMapping，他就是一个handlerMapping，dispatchServelet中用到的handlerMapping。

AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser的parse方法中的代码片段：

RootBeanDefinition methodMappingDef = new RootBeanDefinition(RequestMappingHandlerMapping.class);
    methodMappingDef.setSource(source);
    methodMappingDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
    methodMappingDef.getPropertyValues().add("order", 0);
    String methodMappingName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(methodMappingDef);

RequestMappingHandlerMapping的继承关系如下  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzkzNDYwNw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 回调 afterPropertiesSet 给 HandlerMapping 注册 Handler ##

afterPropertiesSet(),这就是HandlerMapping真正初始化的触发点（具体参见IOC实现源码）:

public void afterPropertiesSet() { 
       initHandlerMethods();
    }
    protected void initHandlerMethods() {    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { 
          logger.debug("Looking for request mappings in application context: " + getApplicationContext());
       }
    
       String[] beanNames = (this.detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts ?
             BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(getApplicationContext(), Object.class) :
             getApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class));
    
       for (String beanName : beanNames) { 
          if (isHandler(getApplicationContext().getType(beanName))){ 
             detectHandlerMethods(beanName);
          }
       }
       handlerMethodsInitialized(getHandlerMethods());
    }

上面的代码就是处理controller中的各个方法的逻辑。首先得到所有的handler，对应开发者写的controller；

然后查找每个handler中映射请求的方法；最后初始化这些映射方法。接下来看看是怎么查找并处理这些映射方法的。

protected void detectHandlerMethods(final Object handler) {  	
    	Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String) ? 			
    			getApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass(); 	
    				
    	final Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType); 	
    		
    	Set<Method> methods = HandlerMethodSelector.selectMethods(userType, new MethodFilter() {  		
    					public boolean matches(Method method) {  			
    						return getMappingForMethod(method, userType) != null; 		
    					} 	
    	}); 		
    	
    	for (Method method : methods) {  		//对于每个方法，通过注解等信息解析出映射信息，然后进行注册
    		T mapping = getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
    		registerHandlerMethod(handler, method, mapping);
    	}
    }

把 beanName 、method 、 RequestMappingInfo 注册进去

protected void registerHandlerMethod(Object handler, Method method, T mapping) {    
    	HandlerMethod handlerMethod;   
    	if (handler instanceof String) {       
    		String beanName = (String) handler;      
    		handlerMethod = new HandlerMethod(beanName, getApplicationContext(), method);   
    	} else {       
    		handlerMethod = new HandlerMethod(handler, method);   
    	}    
    	
    	HandlerMethod oldHandlerMethod = handlerMethods.get(mapping);   
    	if (oldHandlerMethod != null && !oldHandlerMethod.equals(handlerMethod)) {       
    		throw new IllegalStateException("Ambiguous mapping found. Cannot map '" + handlerMethod.getBean() 
    				+ "' bean method \n" + handlerMethod + "\nto " + mapping + ": There is already '"            
    				+ oldHandlerMethod.getBean() + "' bean method\n" + oldHandlerMethod + " mapped.");   
    	}   
    	 
    	this.handlerMethods.put(mapping, handlerMethod);   
    	if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {       
    		logger.info("Mapped \"" + mapping + "\" onto " + handlerMethod);   
    	}    
    	
    	Set<String> patterns = getMappingPathPatterns(mapping);   
    	for (String pattern : patterns) {       
    		if (!getPathMatcher().isPattern(pattern)) { 
    
            //添加到urlMap中，查找时也会通过这个map查询
            this.urlMap.add(pattern, mapping);
          	}   
    	}
    	
    }

## hm.getHandler 获取 Handler 与 HandlerExecutionChain ##

回头再来看看dispatchServlet中调用的hm.getHandler方法，它也是在AbstractHandlerMapping中定义的。

public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { 
       Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
       if (handler == null) { 
          handler = getDefaultHandler();
       }
       if (handler == null) { 
          return null;
       }
       // Bean name or resolved handler?
       if (handler instanceof String) { 
          String handlerName = (String) handler;
          handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
       }
       return getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
    }
    
    // 把 handler 包装成 HandlerExecutionChain 链
    protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandlerExecutionChain(Object handler, HttpServletRequest request) { 
       HandlerExecutionChain chain = 
          (handler instanceof HandlerExecutionChain) ?
             (HandlerExecutionChain) handler : new HandlerExecutionChain(handler);
             
       chain.addInterceptors(getAdaptedInterceptors());
       
       String lookupPath = urlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest(request);
       for (MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor : mappedInterceptors) { 
          if (mappedInterceptor.matches(lookupPath, pathMatcher)) { 
             chain.addInterceptor(mappedInterceptor.getInterceptor());
          }
       }
       
       return chain;
    }

获取对应的 handlerMethod

protected Object getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { 
    		String lookupPath = this.urlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest(request);
            //查找符合匹配规则的handler。可能的结果是HandlerExecutionChain对象或者是null
    		Object handler = lookupHandler(lookupPath, request);
            //如果没有找到匹配的handler，则需要处理下default handler
    		if (handler == null) { 
    			// We need to care for the default handler directly, since we need to
    			// expose the PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE for it as well.
    			Object rawHandler = null;
    			if ("/".equals(lookupPath)) { 
    				rawHandler = getRootHandler();
    			}
    			if (rawHandler == null) { 
    				rawHandler = getDefaultHandler();
    			}
                //在getRootHandler和getDefaultHandler方法中，可能持有的是bean name。
    			if (rawHandler != null) { 
    				// Bean name or resolved handler?
    				if (rawHandler instanceof String) { 
    					String handlerName = (String) rawHandler;
    					rawHandler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
    				}
    				validateHandler(rawHandler, request);
    				handler = buildPathExposingHandler(rawHandler, lookupPath, lookupPath, null);
    			}
    		}
            //如果handler还是为空，则抛出错误。
    		if (handler != null && this.mappedInterceptors != null) { 
    			Set<HandlerInterceptor> mappedInterceptors =
    					this.mappedInterceptors.getInterceptors(lookupPath, this.pathMatcher);
    			if (!mappedInterceptors.isEmpty()) { 
    				HandlerExecutionChain chain;
    				if (handler instanceof HandlerExecutionChain) { 
    					chain = (HandlerExecutionChain) handler;
    				} else { 
    					chain = new HandlerExecutionChain(handler);
    				}
    				chain.addInterceptors(mappedInterceptors.toArray(new HandlerInterceptor[mappedInterceptors.size()]));
    			}
    		}
    		if (handler != null && logger.isDebugEnabled()) { 
    			logger.debug("Mapping [" + lookupPath + "] to handler '" + handler + "'");
    		}
    		else if (handler == null && logger.isTraceEnabled()) { 
    			logger.trace("No handler mapping found for [" + lookupPath + "]");
    		}
    		return handler;
    }
    
    //这个方法可能的返回值是HandlerExecutionChain对象或者是null
    //在HandlerExecutionChain对象中的handler，是根据handlerMap中取出来的bean name获得到的bean instance
    protected Object lookupHandler(String urlPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { 
    		// Direct match?
            //直接匹配
    		Object handler = this.handlerMap.get(urlPath);
    		if (handler != null) { 
    			// Bean name or resolved handler?
    			if (handler instanceof String) { 
    				String handlerName = (String) handler;
                    //从IoC容器中取出handler
    				handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
    			}
    			validateHandler(handler, request);
                //创建一个HandlerExecutionChain对象并返回
    			return buildPathExposingHandler(handler, urlPath, urlPath, null);
    		}
    		
    		// Pattern match?
            //根据一定的模式匹配规则
    		List<String> matchingPatterns = new ArrayList<String>();
    		for (String registeredPattern : this.handlerMap.keySet()) { 
    			if (getPathMatcher().match(registeredPattern, urlPath)) { 
    				matchingPatterns.add(registeredPattern);
    			}
    		}
    		String bestPatternMatch = null;
    		if (!matchingPatterns.isEmpty()) { 
    			Collections.sort(matchingPatterns, getPathMatcher().getPatternComparator(urlPath));
    			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { 
    				logger.debug("Matching patterns for request [" + urlPath + "] are " + matchingPatterns);
    			}
    			bestPatternMatch = matchingPatterns.get(0);
    		}
    		if (bestPatternMatch != null) { 
                //处理最佳匹配
    			handler = this.handlerMap.get(bestPatternMatch);
    			// Bean name or resolved handler?
    			if (handler instanceof String) { 
    				String handlerName = (String) handler;
    				handler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
    			}
    			validateHandler(handler, request);
    			String pathWithinMapping = getPathMatcher().extractPathWithinPattern(bestPatternMatch, urlPath);
    			Map<String, String> uriTemplateVariables =
    					getPathMatcher().extractUriTemplateVariables(bestPatternMatch, urlPath);
                //返回一个HandlerExecutionChain对象
    			return buildPathExposingHandler(handler, bestPatternMatch, pathWithinMapping, uriTemplateVariables);
    		}
    		// No handler found...
    		return null;
    }

## 总结 ##

AbstractHandlerMethodMapping负责注册所有处理器的处理方法，其过程如下：

1.  默认从子web容器中获取所有bean。
2.  找出其中的处理器bean，即bean是否被@Controller注解了。
3.  从处理器bean中找出所有处理方法，即该方法是否被@RequestMapping注解了。发现处理方法后把它的 @RequestMapping注解解析成RequestMappingInfo对象，再把方法对象包装成HandlerMethod对象。
4.  把RequestMappingInfo和HandlerMethod对象对象置入缓存handlerMethods，以map形式存放，key为 RequestMappingInfo，value为HandlerMethod。
5.  从RequestMappingInfo中获取非模式的请求路径集合，把非模式请求路径和RequestMappingInfo置入缓存urlMap。

经过以上解析之后，就可以两种方式获取HandlerMethod，如下：

1.  根据url请求为key尝试从urlMap中获取RequestMappingInfo，在把RequestMappingInfo为key进而从handlerMethods中获取HandlerMethod。
2.  若第一种方式不能获取HandlerMethod，则会遍历handlerMethods中的所有key（key是RequestMappingInfo，RequestMappingInfo中value属性存放着url链接值）进行一一比对，找出最符合的RequestMappingInfo进而找到合适的HandlerMethod。

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