Geotools简介以及quickstsrt加载shp文件并显示

ゝ一世哀愁。 2022-11-10 05:25 172阅读 0赞

# 场景 #

## Geotools ##

Geotools是一个java类库，它提供了很多的标准类和方法来处理空间数据，同时这个类库是构建在OGC标准之上的，是OGC思想的一种实现。  
而OGC是国际标准，所以geotools将来必定会成为开源空间数据处理的主要工具，目前的大部分开源软件，如udig，geoserver等，

对空间数据的处理都是由geotools来做支撑。而其他很多的web服务，命令行工具和桌面程序都可以由geotools来实现。

geotools官方网站：

[https://geotools.org/][https_geotools.org]

其官网有快速开始的指南。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

注：

博客：  
[https://blog.csdn.net/badao\_liumang\_qizhi][https_blog.csdn.net_badao_liumang_qizhi]  
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# 实现 #

点击Quickstart,然后选择Intellij Quickstart

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

然后就可以按照其官方指南快速开始。

这里新建项目的方式，没有使用官方文档中的Maven的quick start。而是选择新建项目时选择SpingInitializr快速新建项目

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

然后添加最基本的web依赖

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

然后打开新建项目后的pom.xml

首先添加geotools的版本属性

<properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <geotools.version>26-SNAPSHOT</geotools.version>
        </properties>

这里使用的版本是26

然后在denpendencies中添加geotools相关的依赖

<dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.13.1</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
                <artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
                <version>${geotools.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
                <artifactId>gt-swing</artifactId>
                <version>${geotools.version}</version>
            </dependency>

添加完依赖之后，此时Maven会提示无法下载依赖，需要再添加repository，以供Maven去下载相关依赖

<repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>osgeo</id>
                <name>OSGeo Release Repository</name>
                <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/release/</url>
                <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
                <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
            </repository>
            <repository>
                <id>osgeo-snapshot</id>
                <name>OSGeo Snapshot Repository</name>
                <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/snapshot/</url>
                <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
                <releases><enabled>false</enabled></releases>
            </repository>
        </repositories>

完整的pom文件代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.3</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.badao</groupId>
        <artifactId>geotoolsdemo</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>geotoolsdemo</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <geotools.version>26-SNAPSHOT</geotools.version>
        </properties>
        <repositories>
            <repository>
                <id>osgeo</id>
                <name>OSGeo Release Repository</name>
                <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/release/</url>
                <snapshots><enabled>false</enabled></snapshots>
                <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
            </repository>
            <repository>
                <id>osgeo-snapshot</id>
                <name>OSGeo Snapshot Repository</name>
                <url>https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/snapshot/</url>
                <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
                <releases><enabled>false</enabled></releases>
            </repository>
        </repositories>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.13.1</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
                <artifactId>gt-shapefile</artifactId>
                <version>${geotools.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
                <artifactId>gt-swing</artifactId>
                <version>${geotools.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>

然后就是等待Maven去下载相关依赖

下载完成后就可以在项目依赖中看到

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

然后在包下新建一个java类叫quickstart

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

此类的示例代码为

package com.badao.geotoolsdemo;
    import java.io.File;
    import org.geotools.data.FileDataStore;
    import org.geotools.data.FileDataStoreFinder;
    import org.geotools.data.simple.SimpleFeatureSource;
    import org.geotools.map.FeatureLayer;
    import org.geotools.map.Layer;
    import org.geotools.map.MapContent;
    import org.geotools.styling.SLD;
    import org.geotools.styling.Style;
    import org.geotools.swing.JMapFrame;
    import org.geotools.swing.data.JFileDataStoreChooser;
    public class Quickstart {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            // display a data store file chooser dialog for shapefiles
            File file = JFileDataStoreChooser.showOpenFile("shp", null);
            if (file == null) {
                return;
            }
    
            FileDataStore store = FileDataStoreFinder.getDataStore(file);
            SimpleFeatureSource featureSource = store.getFeatureSource();
    
            // Create a map content and add our shapefile to it
            MapContent map = new MapContent();
            map.setTitle("Quickstart");
    
            Style style = SLD.createSimpleStyle(featureSource.getSchema());
            Layer layer = new FeatureLayer(featureSource, style);
            map.addLayer(layer);
    
            // Now display the map
            JMapFrame.showMap(map);
        }
    }

然后运行此类的main方法

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

会弹出选择shp文件的选择框

Shapefile属于一种矢量图形格式，它能够保存几何图形的位置及相关属性。但这种格式没法存储地理数据的拓扑信息。

其中，要组成一个Shapefile，有三个文件是必不可少的，它们分别是".shp", ".shx"与 ".dbf"文件

.shp— 图形格式，用于保存元素的几何实体。  
.shx— 图形索引格式。几何体位置索引，记录每一个几何体在shp文件之中的位置，能够加快向前或向后搜索一个几何体的效率。  
.dbf— 属性数据格式，以dBase IV的数据表格式存储每个几何形状的属性数据。

首先你要有一个shp文件，这里提供一个中国省级行政区划\_shp地图数据文件：

[https://download.csdn.net/download/BADAO\_LIUMANG\_QIZHI/15785012][https_download.csdn.net_download_BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI_15785012]

注意选择的shp文件不要有中文名和中文路径

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

然后点击打开

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

[https_geotools.org]: https://geotools.org/
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[https_blog.csdn.net_badao_liumang_qizhi]: https://blog.csdn.net/badao_liumang_qizhi
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[https_download.csdn.net_download_BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI_15785012]: https://download.csdn.net/download/BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI/15785012
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