Netty 实现简单的HTTP服务器

痛定思痛。 2022-11-16 13:59 182阅读 0赞

# 1 概述 #

HTTP 是基于请求/响应模式的：客户端向服务器发送一个 HTTP 请求，然后服务器将会返回一个 HTTP 响应。Netty 提供了多种编码器和解码器以简化对这个协议的使用。一个HTTP 请求/响应可能由多个数据部分组成，FullHttpRequest 和FullHttpResponse 消息是特殊的子类型，分别代表了完整的请求和响应。所有类型的 HTTP 消息（FullHttpRequest、LastHttpContent 等等）都实现了 HttpObject 接口。

(1) HttpRequestEncoder 将 HttpRequest、HttpContent 和 LastHttpContent 消息编码为字节。
    (2) HttpResponseEncoder 将 HttpResponse、HttpContent 和 LastHttpContent 消息编码为字节。
    (3) HttpRequestDecoder 将字节解码为 HttpRequest、HttpContent 和 LastHttpContent 消息。
    (4) HttpResponseDecoder 将字节解码为 HttpResponse、HttpContent 和 LastHttpContent 消息。
    (5) HttpClientCodec 和 HttpServerCodec 则将请求和响应做了一个组合。

## 1.1 聚合 HTTP 消息 ##

由于 HTTP 的请求和响应可能由许多部分组成，因此你需要聚合它们以形成完整的消息。  
为了消除这项繁琐的任务，Netty 提供了一个聚合器 HttpObjectAggregator，它可以将多个消  
息部分合并为 FullHttpRequest 或者 FullHttpResponse 消息。通过这样的方式，你将总是看  
到完整的消息内容。

## 1.2 HTTP 压缩 ##

当使用 HTTP 时，建议开启压缩功能以尽可能多地减小传输数据的大小。虽然压缩会带  
来一些 CPU 时钟周期上的开销，但是通常来说它都是一个好主意，特别是对于文本数据来  
说。Netty 为压缩和解压缩提供了 ChannelHandler 实现，它们同时支持 gzip 和 deflate 编码。

# 2 代码实现 #

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## 2.1 pom ##

<dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
                <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
                <version>4.1.28.Final</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.11</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <version>1.18.20</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
                <version>3.12.0</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
                <version>4.4</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.21</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.6.2</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.17</version>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.25</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
    
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>8</source>
                        <target>8</target>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>

## 2.2 HttpConsts ##

public class HttpConsts { 
    
        private HttpConsts() { 
    
        }
    
        public static final Integer PORT = 8888;
    
        public static final String HOST = "127.0.0.1";
    
    
    }

## 2.3 服务端 ##

### 2.3.1 HttpServer ###

@Slf4j
    public class HttpServer { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { 
    
            HttpServer httpServer = new HttpServer();
            httpServer.start();
        }
    
    
        public void start() throws InterruptedException { 
    
    
            EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
            EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
    
            try { 
                ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
                serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker)
                        .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                        .childHandler(new HttpServerHandlerInitial());
                ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(HttpConsts.PORT).sync();
                log.info("服务器已开启......");
                channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
            } finally { 
                boss.shutdownGracefully();
                worker.shutdownGracefully();
            }
    
    
        }
    
    
    }

### 2.3.2 HttpServerBusinessHandler ###

@Slf4j
    public class HttpServerBusinessHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { 
    
    
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { 
    
            //通过编解码器把byteBuf解析成FullHttpRequest
            if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) { 
    
                //获取httpRequest
                FullHttpRequest httpRequest = (FullHttpRequest) msg;
    
                try { 
                    //获取请求路径、请求体、请求方法
                    String uri = httpRequest.uri();
                    String content = httpRequest.content().toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
                    HttpMethod method = httpRequest.method();
                    log.info("服务器接收到请求:");
                    log.info("请求uri:{},请求content:{},请求method:{}", uri, content, method);
    
                    //响应
                    String responseMsg = "Hello World";
                    FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(
                            HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,HttpResponseStatus.OK,
                            Unpooled.copiedBuffer(responseMsg,CharsetUtil.UTF_8)
                    );
                    response.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE,"text/plain;charset=UTF-8");
                    ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
                } finally { 
                    httpRequest.release();
                }
    
            }
        }
    }

### 2.3.3 HttpServerHandlerInitial ###

public class HttpServerHandlerInitial extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { 
    
    
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { 
    
            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
    
            //http请求编解码器,请求解码，响应编码
            pipeline.addLast("serverCodec", new HttpServerCodec());
            //http请求报文聚合为完整报文，最大请求报文为10M
            pipeline.addLast("aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(10 * 1024 * 1024));
            //响应报文压缩
            pipeline.addLast("compress", new HttpContentCompressor());
            //业务处理handler
            pipeline.addLast("serverBusinessHandler", new HttpServerBusinessHandler());
    
        }
    }

## 2.4 客户端 ##

### 2.4.1 HttpClient ###

public class HttpClient { 
    
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { 
    
            HttpClient httpClien = new HttpClient();
            httpClien.start();
    
        }
    
        public void start() throws InterruptedException { 
            EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            try { 
                Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
                bootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup)
                        .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                        .handler(new HttpClientHandlerInitial());
    
                ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect(HttpConsts.HOST, HttpConsts.PORT).sync();
                f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
    
            } finally { 
                eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            }
    
    
        }
    
    }

### 2.4.2 HttpClientBusinessHandler ###

@Slf4j
    public class HttpClientBusinessHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter { 
    
        @Override
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { 
            //通过编解码器把byteBuf解析成FullHttpResponse
            if (msg instanceof FullHttpResponse) { 
                FullHttpResponse httpResponse = (FullHttpResponse) msg;
                HttpResponseStatus status = httpResponse.status();
                ByteBuf content = httpResponse.content();
                log.info("客户端接收响应信息：");
                log.info("status:{},content:{}", status, content.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
                httpResponse.release();
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { 
    
            //封装请求信息
            URI uri = new URI("/test");
            String msg = "Hello";
            DefaultFullHttpRequest request = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
                    HttpMethod.GET, uri.toASCIIString(), Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(msg.getBytes(CharsetUtil.UTF_8)));
    
            //构建http请求
            request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, HttpConsts.HOST);
            request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE);
            request.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, request.content().readableBytes());
    
            // 发送http请求
            ctx.writeAndFlush(request);
        }
    }

### 2.4.3 HttpClientHandlerInitial ###

public class HttpClientHandlerInitial extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { 
    
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { 
    
            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
    
            //客户端编码、解码器，请求编码，响应解码
            pipeline.addLast("clientCodec", new HttpClientCodec());
            //http聚合器，将http请求聚合成一个完整报文
            pipeline.addLast("aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(10 * 1024 * 1024));
            //http响应解压缩
            pipeline.addLast("decompressor", new HttpContentDecompressor());
            //业务handler
            pipeline.addLast("clientBusinessHandler", new HttpClientBusinessHandler());
    
        }
    }

## 2.5 测试 ##

**启动服务端：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM0MTI1OTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

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**启动客户端:**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM0MTI1OTk5_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
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