Nvidia 显卡 Failed to initialize NVML Driver/library version mismatch 错误解决方案

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2022-11-17 03:22 540阅读 0赞

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> 本文记录错误 `Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch` 错误解决方案。

### 问题复现 ###

$ nvidia-smi 
    
    -->
    Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch

### 问题分析 ###

*  NVIDIA 内核驱动版本与系统驱动不一致

#### 查看显卡驱动所使用的内核版本 ####

cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version
    
    -->
    NVRM version: NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module  430.34  Wed Jun 26 12:19:48 CDT 2019
    GCC version:  gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12)

*  内核版本 Kernel Module 为 430.34， 系统内核 16.04.12

#### 查看系统驱动日志 ####

cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep nvidia
    
    -->
    2021-03-30 14:04:55 install libnvidia-compute-460-server:amd64 <none> 460.32.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.2
    2021-03-30 14:04:55 status half-installed libnvidia-compute-460-server:amd64 460.32.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.2
    2021-03-30 14:04:57 status unpacked libnvidia-compute-460-server:amd64 460.32.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.2
    2021-03-30 14:04:57 status unpacked libnvidia-compute-460-server:amd64 460.32.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.2
    2021-03-30 14:05:15 install nvidia-cuda-dev:amd64 <none> 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:15 status half-installed nvidia-cuda-dev:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:34 status unpacked nvidia-cuda-dev:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:34 status unpacked nvidia-cuda-dev:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:34 install nvidia-cuda-doc:all <none> 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:34 status half-installed nvidia-cuda-doc:all 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:38 status unpacked nvidia-cuda-doc:all 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:38 status unpacked nvidia-cuda-doc:all 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:38 install nvidia-cuda-gdb:amd64 <none> 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:38 status half-installed nvidia-cuda-gdb:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:39 status unpacked nvidia-cuda-gdb:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:39 status unpacked nvidia-cuda-gdb:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:39 install nvidia-profiler:amd64 <none> 9.1.85-3ubuntu1
    2021-03-30 14:05:39 status half-installed nvidia-profiler:amd64 9.1.85-3ubuntu1

*  可以看到曾经安装过系统内核 18.04 的 460.32 的驱动

#### 查看驱动程序 ####

sudo dpkg --list | grep nvidia-*
    
    -->
    ii  libnvidia-compute-460-server:amd64   460.32.03-0ubuntu0.18.04.2                 amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
    ii  libnvidia-container-tools            1.0.5-1                                    amd64        NVIDIA container runtime library (command-line tools)
    ii  libnvidia-container1:amd64           1.0.5-1                                    amd64        NVIDIA container runtime library
    ii  nvidia-container-runtime             3.1.4-1                                    amd64        NVIDIA container runtime
    ii  nvidia-container-toolkit             1.0.5-1                                    amd64        NVIDIA container runtime hook
    ii  nvidia-cuda-dev                      9.1.85-3ubuntu1                            amd64        NVIDIA CUDA development files
    ii  nvidia-cuda-doc                      9.1.85-3ubuntu1                            all          NVIDIA CUDA and OpenCL documentation

*  可以看到系统安装了ubuntu 内核18.04 下的 nvidia 460 驱动
 *  实际系统内核版本与驱动需求的版本不一致是问题产生的根源

### 解决方案 ###

*  卸载现有驱动，重新安装

#### 卸载驱动 ####

sudo /usr/bin/nvidia-uninstall
    sudo apt-get --purge remove nvidia-*
    sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
    sudo apt-get purge libnvidia*

*  直到命令不输出任何内容

sudo dpkg --list | grep nvidia-*

*  重新安装

sudo chmod a+x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-450.80.02.run
    sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-450.80.02.run -no-x-check -no-nouveau-check -no-opengl-files

> –no-opengl-files 只安装驱动文件,不安装OpenGL文件
> 
> –no-x-check 安装驱动时不检查X服务
> 
> –no-nouveau-check 安装驱动时不检查nouveau

### 查看驱动更新结果 ###

$ nvidia-smi