docker 使用QEMU，构建多平台镜像；docker buildx

- 日理万妓 2022-11-17 14:43 508阅读 0赞

## 参考 ##

[buildx(github 安装QEMU文档)][buildx_github _QEMU]

[build(Docker 官网文档)][build_Docker]

[QEMU(github安装文档)][QEMU_github]

## 构建多平台镜像 ##

有3种方式：

1.  使用QEMU模拟器。
2.  使用原生的节点来构建，通过`docker context`命令来切换，连接不同的docker server。[参考][Link 1]
3.  通过使用`--platform`参数在Dockerfile里，来实现不同平台的镜像编译。(不知道是我不会用，还是不好用)

## 正文 ##

### 开启 buildx ###

*  编辑 `/etc/docker/daemon.json`，添加`"experimental": true`选项
    
        [root@]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
        {
          "experimental": true
        }
 *  重启 docker
    
        systemctl daemon-reload
        systemctl restart docker
 *  检测是否成功开启，`true`表示开启了
    
        [root@]# docker version -f '{
             {.Server.Experimental}}'
        true

### 安装QEMU ###

*  安装
    
        [root@]# docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --install all
 *  快速测试
    
        [root@]# docker run --rm arm64v8/alpine uname -a
        WARNING: The requested image's platform (linux/arm64) does not match the detected host platform (linux/amd64) and no specific platform was requested
        Linux 869e16c62dd8 5.10.18-amd64-desktop #1 SMP Mon Mar 1 17:09:41 CST 2021 aarch64 Linux

### buildx构建amd和arm平台的两种镜像，并在各自的环境下使用 ###

*  Dockerfile
    
        FROM ubuntu
 *  登录到docker，要推送镜像到 自己的 dockerhub 仓库
    
        [root@]#  docker login
 *  添加一个 docker driver，会自动添加配置项，具体内部操作原因现在也还不清楚
    
        [root@]# docker buildx ls
        [root@]# docker buildx create --name my-buildx 
        [root@]# docker buildx use my-buildx
    
    > 上面几个命令的详细输出：
    > 
    >     # 查看 buildx 的支持驱动
    >     [root@]# docker buildx ls
    >     NAME/NODE DRIVER/ENDPOINT STATUS  PLATFORMS
    >     default * docker                  
    >       default default         running linux/amd64, linux/386, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
    >     
    >     # 创建driver，自定义名称 my-buildx
    >     [root@]# docker buildx create --name my-buildx 
    >     my-buildx
    >     
    >     # 再次查看 drivers
    >     [root@]# docker buildx ls
    >     NAME/NODE    DRIVER/ENDPOINT  STATUS PLATFORMS
    >     my-buildx    docker-container                     
    >       my-buildx0 unix:///var/run/docker.sock inactive 
    >     default *    docker                   
    >       default    default          running linux/amd64, linux/386, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
    >     
    >     # 切换使用 my-buildx
    >     [root@]# docker buildx use my-buildx
    >     
    >     # 再次查看
    >     [root@]# docker buildx ls
    >     NAME/NODE    DRIVER/ENDPOINT  STATUS PLATFORMS
    >     my-buildx    docker-container                     
    >       my-buildx0 unix:///var/run/docker.sock inactive 
    >     default      docker                   
    >       default    default          running linux/amd64, linux/386, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
 *  打镜像并推送
    
        # qiangge80800880 是我的用户名,镜像打完，并推送到docker hub
        [root@]# docker buildx build --platform linux/arm64,linux/amd64 -t qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1 . --push
 *  再次查看 buildx drivers
    
        [root@]# docker buildx ls
    
    > 详细输出：
    > 
    >     [root@]# docker buildx ls
    >     NAME/NODE     DRIVER/ENDPOINT             STATUS PLATFORMS
    >     my-buildx *  docker-container                    
    >       my-buildx0 unix:///var/run/docker.sock running linux/amd64, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/386, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
    >     default       docker                              
    >       default     default                     running linux/amd64, linux/386, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
 *  DockerHub可以看到有一个镜像tag有两个架构  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4MzQwNjAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

### 在 x86和arm平台使用此镜像测试 ###

*  amd
    
        [root@]# uname -m
        x86_64
        
        [root@]# docker run -it  qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1 bash
        Unable to find image 'qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1' locally
        v1: Pulling from qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test
        a70d879fa598: Pull complete 
        c4394a92d1f8: Pull complete 
        10e6159c56c0: Pull complete 
        Digest: sha256:a60e1f9dba411d8bf9c8f06147af7ea587cf539df082ce59cf63331761241cb2
        Status: Downloaded newer image for qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1
        root@0ddbf490e73b:/#
 *  arm
    
        root@ks-allinone:~# uname -m
        aarch64
        
        root@ks-allinone:~# docker run -it  qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1 bash
        Unable to find image 'qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1' locally
        v1: Pulling from qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test
        2b20d1a80822: Pull complete 
        f4e993c4ee9a: Pull complete 
        c2befefc5146: Pull complete 
        Digest: sha256:a60e1f9dba411d8bf9c8f06147af7ea587cf539df082ce59cf63331761241cb2
        Status: Downloaded newer image for qiangge80800880/ubuntu-arm-test:v1
        root@68b90968bcc7:/#

### QEMU 卸载 ###

docker run --privileged --rm tonistiigi/binfmt --uninstall qemu-aarch64

## PS ##

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[buildx_github _QEMU]: https://github.com/docker/buildx
[build_Docker]: https://docs.docker.com/buildx/working-with-buildx/#set-buildx-as-the-default-builder
[QEMU_github]: https://github.com/tonistiigi/binfmt
[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38340601/article/details/115567097
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM4MzQwNjAx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221022/df7723a396374859b18fb8002bba90bd.png