英语常考知识点汇总笔记

古城微笑少年丶 2022-11-21 11:23 420阅读 0赞

> There be 的非谓语形式有两种，即there to be 和there being。
> 
> 1、作主语
> 
> 当作主语时，一般是There being结构，当句式中有for时，一般用there to be。
> 
> 1）There being a shop here is a great advantage. 这儿有个商店，真是方便极了。
> 
> 2）It is impossible for there to be any more. 不可能再有了。
> 
> 2、作宾语
> 
> 如果是动词宾语，要看这个动词，我们学过有些动词后面只能接动名词，比如mind, enjoy, appreciate等词后面是必须加doing的形式的；而这些动词同样适用于there being, 不能用there to be.
> 
> 有些动词只能接不定式的，如want, hope, would like等，后面就接there to be。常见动词有：expect, mean, intend want, prefer等：
> 
> There being nothing to do, we went home. 因为没有什么事要办，我们就回家了。
> 
> 也就是说，这里的there being短语用来作为句子的状语，是属于独立主格结构。There being构成独立主格结构，常用作原因状语。
> 
> 1）We expect there to be no argument.
> 
> 2） Would you like there to be a picture on the wall? 
> 
> 你喜欢墙壁上挂一张画吗？
> 
> 3）We don't want there to be any comrade lagging behind. 
> 
> 我们不希望有一个同志掉队。
> 
> 4）I don't want there to be any misunderstanding between us . 
> 
> 我不希望我们之间有什么误会。
> 
> 注意：
> 
>  
> 
> 作介词的宾语一般用There being句式，但当在for后时一般用there to be句式。
> 
> 1）This depended on there being a sudden change. 
> 
> 这需要有一个突然的改变。
> 
> 2）The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence. 
> 
> 老师在等着大家都安静下来。
> 
> 3）They planned on there being another meeting. 
> 
> 他们打算再开一次会。
> 
> 4）There is now some hope of there being a settlement of the dispute. 
> 
> 现在还有点希望可以解决这次争端。
> 
>  
> 
> 3、 作状语
> 
> 用作状语的there be的形式通常用there being结构。
> 
> 1）There being no buses, we had to walk home. 
> 
> 由于没有公共汽车，我们不得不走着回家。
> 
> 2）There being no nobody in the room, we realized that there was no use crying. 屋里没人，我们意识到哭喊是没有用的。
> 
>  
> 
> 都是虚拟 ： should have done是主动,应该做而没做；should have been done是被动,应该被做而没被做. 
> 
> eg：You should have told me yesterday that you had changed your mind. 你昨天应该告诉我你改变主意了.（实际上没有告诉）
> 
> Your work should have been done before you went home. 你的工作应该在你回家之前（被）做完.（实际上没被做完）
> 
>  
> 
> Not having been discovered,many laws of nature actually exist.
> 
> Not having been discovered   分词做让步状语,虽然没有被发现,很多自然法则实际是存在的. 
> 
>  
> 
> be in no mood to do sth./for doing sth.或者是be not in the mood .没有心情做某事
> 
> eg.I'm in no mood to go out./for going out. 
> 
>  
> 
> I have been dealing with that company for several years. 我和那家公司打了几年交道。
> 
>  
> 
> His sister was full of admiration for the way in which he had so quickly learned to drive a car .
> 
> 他妹妹对他这么快学会开车的方式充满钦佩。
> 
>  
> 
> This student was expelled from school beacuse he had forged some documnts for overseas study .
> 
> 这个学生因为伪造了一些出国留学文件而被学校开除了。
> 
>  
> 
> The shop-owner took a loaf of crisp - crusted bread and handed it to the child .
> 
> 店主拿了一条脆面包递给孩子。
> 
>  
> 
> at will      英 \[æt wil\]             美 \[æt wɪl\] 任意，随意;信
> 
>  
> 
> under way      英 \[ˈʌndə wei\]  美 \[ˈʌndɚ we\] 正在进行中  已经开始并进行着;启航
> 
>  
> 
> It is in your best interest to quit smoking , for you have some breathing problems .
> 
> 戒烟对你最有利，因为你有呼吸问题。
> 
>  
> 
> at the time   英 \[æt ðə taim\]  美 \[æt ði taɪm\]  当时;在那时， 在那段时间;旋
> 
>  
> 
> He \_\_might have chosen \_\_\_\_ another career but, at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.
> 
> 他可能选择了另一个职业，但当时他没有足够的钱上研究生院。
> 
>  
> 
> Not having received a reply , he decided to write again.
> 
> Not having received a reply是这个句子的独立主格结构.
> 
> 可以换成一个原因状语从句：Because he hasn't received a reply真正的主句是后面的he decided to write again. 
> 
>  
> 
> as…as的意思
> 
> 与…一样; 与……一样;
> 
> as…as的用法
> 
> 1. 基本用法
> 
> 中间只能用形容词或副词的原级，不能用比较级或最高级。如果在第二个as之后使用独立的人称代词，一般说来用主格(较正式)或宾格(非正式)均可。如：
> 
> He’s as old as she \[her\]. 他年纪跟她一样大。
> 
> 但是，若第二个as之后的人称代词跟有谓语动词，则该人称代词只能用主格。如：
> 
> He is as old as she is.
> 
> 但是有时用主格或宾格含义差别很大：
> 
> You love him as much as I (=as I love him). 你爱他像我爱他一样。
> 
> You love him as much as me (=as you love me). 你爱他像爱我一样。
> 
> 2. 用于否定句
> 
> 在肯定句中用as…as, 在否定句中用not as…as或not so…as 均可。如：
> 
> He doesn’t study as \[so\] hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。
> 
> 3. 关于比较对象
> 
> 使用该结构要注意比较对象的一致性，即比较的双方必须是可以比较的同类人或物，否则会出错。如：
> 
> 你的房间与我的一样大。
> 
> 正：Your room is as large as mine
> 
> 误：Your room is as large as me.
> 
> 4. 涉及数量或程度
> 
> 如果涉及数量或程度可用：as much+ (不可数名词\+) as / as many+ (可数名词复数\+) as。如：
> 
> You must speak English as much as possible. 你必须尽可能地多说英语。
> 
> You’ve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
> 
> 5. 注意下列结构的词序
> 
> 她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。
> 
> 正：She is a cook as good as her mother.
> 
> 正：She is as good a cook as her mother.
> 
> 误：She is as a good cook as her mother.(www.yygrammar.com)
> 
> 6. 关于修饰语
> 
> 修饰as…as结构的常见词语有nearly, almost, just, exactly, half, quite, twice, three times等，请注意这些修饰语都只能放在as…as 结构之前 (而不能置于其中或其后。如：
> 
> I earn half as much as you do. 我只赚你的一半钱。
> 
> This rope is twice as long as that one. 这根绳子比那根长一倍。
> 
> 7. 省略用法
> 
> as…as结构在一定的上下文中可以用其省略结构(即省去其中的一个 as)。如：
> 
> She’s clever, but her brother is just as clever. 她很聪明，但她兄弟也一样聪明。
> 
> The woman married a man poor as herself. 这个女人嫁给了一个与她一样穷的男人。
> 
> 关于as...as的常见句型
> 
> (1)as...as possible
> 
> Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题.
> 
> (2)as...as usual/before
> 
> She looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮.
> 
> (3)as long as...(引导条件状语从句)
> 
> It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划.
> 
> (4)as far as
> 
> He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火车站.
> 
> (5)as well as
> 
> She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好.
> 
> 一些带有as...as结构的常见短语归纳：
> 
> as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌
> 
> as easy as ABC像ABC一样容易
> 
> as deep as a well像井一样深
> 
> as light as a feather像羽毛一样轻
> 
> as soft as butter像黄油一样软
> 
> as rich as a Jew像犹太人一样富裕
> 
>  
> 
> 倍数的表达方式，1. 倍数\+ as + 原级 \+ as
> 
> She has read twice as many books as I do.
> 
> 她读的书比我多两倍
> 
> The water in this glass is five times as much as that in that one.
> 
> 这个玻璃杯里面的水是那个玻璃杯里面的水的五倍
> 
> 2. 倍数 \+ 比较级 \+ than
> 
> The lecture hall is six times bigger than our classroom.
> 
> 授课厅比我们的教室大六倍
> 
> ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NDk0OTEzNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]
> 
> 3. 倍数 \+ the size/width/length 等 \+ of + 其他
> 
> The earth is 50 times the size of the moon.
> 
> 地球是月球尺寸的50倍
> 
> The newly-built school is four times the size of the previous one.
> 
> 新校区是老校区的4倍大。
> 
> This square is twice the width of that one over there.
> 
> 这个广场是那个广场的五倍宽。
> 
> 4. 倍数 \+ what从句
> 
> The production of grain is now three times what it was ten years ago.
> 
> 现在这种谷物的产量是10年前的三倍。
> 
> The width of the playground is five times what it was three years ago.
> 
> 操场的宽度是10年前的5倍。
> 
> 5. 计量名词 \+ of +名词 \+ be + 倍数 \+ that of +名词
> 
> The size of the sun is a million times over that of the earth.
> 
> 太阳的尺寸是地球的一百万倍。
> 
> The population of China is much larger than that of Japan.
> 
> 中国的人口数量比日本多。
> 
>  
> 
> ![https://ss2.baidu.com/6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/it/u=297214079,2709961958&fm=173&s=A5386C32C526CF201A5510CA0000C0B2&w=639&h=120&img.JPEG][https_ss2.baidu.com_6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq_it_u_297214079_2709961958_fm_173_s_A5386C32C526CF201A5510CA0000C0B2_w_639_h_120_img.JPEG]
> 
> if 引导的虚拟语气。
> 
> ![https://ss2.baidu.com/6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/it/u=3421388684,1760061078&fm=173&s=AC96CC121DDA5EC85461F8560200C0F2&w=640&h=878&img.JPEG][https_ss2.baidu.com_6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq_it_u_3421388684_1760061078_fm_173_s_AC96CC121DDA5EC85461F8560200C0F2_w_640_h_878_img.JPEG]   ![https://ss2.baidu.com/6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/it/u=3787156376,2704493236&fm=173&s=E49ECC33D9CC4CCC185CA0DB0200C0F2&w=640&h=526&img.JPEG][https_ss2.baidu.com_6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq_it_u_3787156376_2704493236_fm_173_s_E49ECC33D9CC4CCC185CA0DB0200C0F2_w_640_h_526_img.JPEG]
> 
> 上面是if 引导的虚拟语气。除了if 还有另外几种常考的虚拟语气。
> 
> ![https://ss0.baidu.com/6ONWsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/it/u=4281620496,3664113962&fm=173&s=44947C3311CEC4EA14D0E5DB000080B3&w=640&h=850&img.JPEG][https_ss0.baidu.com_6ONWsjip0QIZ8tyhnq_it_u_4281620496_3664113962_fm_173_s_44947C3311CEC4EA14D0E5DB000080B3_w_640_h_850_img.JPEG]
> 
> ![https://ss2.baidu.com/6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/it/u=148812884,3565614348&fm=173&s=1AAA742301AED8EA4E7C45D20000C0B1&w=640&h=953&img.JPEG][https_ss2.baidu.com_6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq_it_u_148812884_3565614348_fm_173_s_1AAA742301AED8EA4E7C45D20000C0B1_w_640_h_953_img.JPEG]
> 
> ![https://ss2.baidu.com/6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/it/u=405637376,3341565189&fm=173&s=D4907C3311AEC4EE5AC0C5DB000080B3&w=640&h=831&img.JPEG][https_ss2.baidu.com_6ONYsjip0QIZ8tyhnq_it_u_405637376_3341565189_fm_173_s_D4907C3311AEC4EE5AC0C5DB000080B3_w_640_h_831_img.JPEG]
> 
> ![https://ss1.baidu.com/6ONXsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/it/u=3675402880,2677889275&fm=173&s=1C087C331BAEC4CC4CF551CA0000C0B3&w=640&h=860&img.JPEG][https_ss1.baidu.com_6ONXsjip0QIZ8tyhnq_it_u_3675402880_2677889275_fm_173_s_1C087C331BAEC4CC4CF551CA0000C0B3_w_640_h_860_img.JPEG]
> 
> ![https://ss1.baidu.com/6ONXsjip0QIZ8tyhnq/it/u=1240424728,72327616&fm=173&s=1AAA742313AED4EC1EFC85DE000080B0&w=640&h=664&img.JPEG][https_ss1.baidu.com_6ONXsjip0QIZ8tyhnq_it_u_1240424728_72327616_fm_173_s_1AAA742313AED4EC1EFC85DE000080B0_w_640_h_664_img.JPEG]
> 
> wish和hope的区别主要为：
> 
> 1、hope v. 希望，期望。指盼望得到好的或有利的结果，并对此持有一定的信心。
> 
> （1）I hope to become a useful man.我希望成为一个有用的人。
> 
> （2）We hope that we can visit the United States this year.我们希望年内能访问美国。
> 
> （3）Everyone hopes for success.每个人都希望成功。
> 
> 2、wish v. 希望，多用于与事实相反的情况，尤用于难于实现或不可能实现的愿望。
> 
> （1）I wish I were as young as you.我要是像你们那么年轻该多好啊！
> 
> （2）I wish (that) I had met that good teacher 10 years ago.我要是10年前遇到那么好的老师就好了。
> 
> （3）It was no use wishing for a miracle.只是盼望出现奇迹没什么用。
> 
> On one ‘ s guard 警惕、提防
> 
> ![20201031220412451.png][]
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