Golang bytes源码分析

╰+攻爆jí腚メ 2022-11-25 11:46 170阅读 0赞

bytes/bytes.go源码分析

Golang JDK 1.10.3

bytes包提供了操作\[\]byte的常用方法。

### 源码分析 ###

func equalPortable(a, b []byte) bool {
    	if len(a) != len(b) {
    		return false
    	}
    	for i, c := range a {
    		if c != b[i] {
    			return false
    		}
    	}
    	return true
    }

equalPortable函数是内部函数，用于比较两个切片的元素是否相等。

// explode splits s into a slice of UTF-8 sequences, one per Unicode code point (still slices of bytes),
    // up to a maximum of n byte slices. Invalid UTF-8 sequences are chopped into individual bytes.
    func explode(s []byte, n int) [][]byte {
    	if n <= 0 {
    		n = len(s)
    	}
    	a := make([][]byte, n)
    	var size int
    	na := 0
    	for len(s) > 0 {
    		if na+1 >= n {
    			a[na] = s
    			na++
    			break
    		}
    		_, size = utf8.DecodeRune(s)
    		a[na] = s[0:size:size]
    		s = s[size:]
    		na++
    	}
    	return a[0:na]
    }

explode函数是内部函数，用于将字节切片s转成 UTF-8序列

// countGeneric actually implements Count
    func countGeneric(s, sep []byte) int {
    	// special case
    	if len(sep) == 0 {
    		return utf8.RuneCount(s) + 1
    	}
    	n := 0
    	for {
    		i := Index(s, sep)
    		if i == -1 {
    			return n
    		}
    		n++
    		s = s[i+len(sep):]
    	}
    }

countGeneric函数也是内部函数，用于返回sep在s中出现的次数。如果sep为空，则返回s的rune长度+1

// Contains reports whether subslice is within b.
    func Contains(b, subslice []byte) bool {
    	return Index(b, subslice) != -1
    }

作用：b中是否包含subslice切片

// ContainsAny reports whether any of the UTF-8-encoded code points in chars are within b.
    func ContainsAny(b []byte, chars string) bool {
    	return IndexAny(b, chars) >= 0
    }

作用：判断切片b中是否包含字符串chanrs

// ContainsRune reports whether the rune is contained in the UTF-8-encoded byte slice b.
    func ContainsRune(b []byte, r rune) bool {
    	return IndexRune(b, r) >= 0
    }

作用：判断字节切片b中是否包含UTF-8字符r

func indexBytePortable(s []byte, c byte) int {
    	for i, b := range s {
    		if b == c {
    			return i
    		}
    	}
    	return -1
    }

indexBytePortable函数用于返回c在s中第一次出现的索引，如果在切片s中，则返回-1

// LastIndex returns the index of the last instance of sep in s, or -1 if sep is not present in s.
    func LastIndex(s, sep []byte) int {
    	n := len(sep)
    	if n == 0 {
    		return len(s)
    	}
    	c := sep[0]
    	for i := len(s) - n; i >= 0; i-- {
    		if s[i] == c && (n == 1 || Equal(s[i:i+n], sep)) {
    			return i
    		}
    	}
    	return -1
    }

LastIndex函数用于获取sep在s中反向第一次出现的索引，子切片sep不包含在切片s中，则返回-1

// LastIndexByte returns the index of the last instance of c in s, or -1 if c is not present in s.
    func LastIndexByte(s []byte, c byte) int {
    	for i := len(s) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
    		if s[i] == c {
    			return i
    		}
    	}
    	return -1
    }

作用：获取字节c在切片s中倒序第一次出现的索引

// IndexRune interprets s as a sequence of UTF-8-encoded code points.
    // It returns the byte index of the first occurrence in s of the given rune.
    // It returns -1 if rune is not present in s.
    // If r is utf8.RuneError, it returns the first instance of any
    // invalid UTF-8 byte sequence.
    func IndexRune(s []byte, r rune) int {
    	switch {
    	case 0 <= r && r < utf8.RuneSelf:
    		return IndexByte(s, byte(r))
    	case r == utf8.RuneError:
    		for i := 0; i < len(s); {
    			r1, n := utf8.DecodeRune(s[i:])
    			if r1 == utf8.RuneError {
    				return i
    			}
    			i += n
    		}
    		return -1
    	case !utf8.ValidRune(r):
    		return -1
    	default:
    		var b [utf8.UTFMax]byte
    		n := utf8.EncodeRune(b[:], r)
    		return Index(s, b[:n])
    	}
    }

作用：获取UTF-8字符r在字节切片s中第一次出现的索引，不包含在切片s中返回-1

// IndexAny interprets s as a sequence of UTF-8-encoded Unicode code points.
    // It returns the byte index of the first occurrence in s of any of the Unicode
    // code points in chars. It returns -1 if chars is empty or if there is no code
    // point in common.
    func IndexAny(s []byte, chars string) int {
    	if chars == "" {
    		// Avoid scanning all of s.
    		return -1
    	}
    	if len(s) > 8 {
    		if as, isASCII := makeASCIISet(chars); isASCII {
    			for i, c := range s {
    				if as.contains(c) {
    					return i
    				}
    			}
    			return -1
    		}
    	}
    	var width int
    	for i := 0; i < len(s); i += width {
    		r := rune(s[i])
    		if r < utf8.RuneSelf {
    			width = 1
    		} else {
    			r, width = utf8.DecodeRune(s[i:])
    		}
    		for _, ch := range chars {
    			if r == ch {
    				return i
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	return -1
    }

作用：查找字符串 chars 中的任何一个字符在 切片s 中第一次出现的位置，找不到则返回 -1

// LastIndexAny interprets s as a sequence of UTF-8-encoded Unicode code
    // points. It returns the byte index of the last occurrence in s of any of
    // the Unicode code points in chars. It returns -1 if chars is empty or if
    // there is no code point in common.
    func LastIndexAny(s []byte, chars string) int {
    	if chars == "" {
    		// Avoid scanning all of s.
    		return -1
    	}
    	if len(s) > 8 {
    		if as, isASCII := makeASCIISet(chars); isASCII {
    			for i := len(s) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
    				if as.contains(s[i]) {
    					return i
    				}
    			}
    			return -1
    		}
    	}
    	for i := len(s); i > 0; {
    		r, size := utf8.DecodeLastRune(s[:i])
    		i -= size
    		for _, c := range chars {
    			if r == c {
    				return i
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	return -1
    }

作用：查找 chars 中的任何一个字符在 s 中最后一次出现的位置，找不到则返回 -1

// Generic split: splits after each instance of sep,
    // including sepSave bytes of sep in the subslices.
    func genSplit(s, sep []byte, sepSave, n int) [][]byte {
    	if n == 0 {
    		return nil
    	}
    	if len(sep) == 0 {
    		return explode(s, n)
    	}
    	if n < 0 {
    		n = Count(s, sep) + 1
    	}
    
    	a := make([][]byte, n)
    	n--
    	i := 0
    	for i < n {
    		m := Index(s, sep)
    		if m < 0 {
    			break
    		}
    		a[i] = s[: m+sepSave : m+sepSave]
    		s = s[m+len(sep):]
    		i++
    	}
    	a[i] = s
    	return a[:i+1]
    }

genSplit函数，根据sep拆分s，sepSave是子切片中含有+sepSave个字节数，n是切分的个数,n如果是负数则都进行切分

// SplitN slices s into subslices separated by sep and returns a slice of
    // the subslices between those separators.
    // If sep is empty, SplitN splits after each UTF-8 sequence.
    // The count determines the number of subslices to return:
    //   n > 0: at most n subslices; the last subslice will be the unsplit remainder.
    //   n == 0: the result is nil (zero subslices)
    //   n < 0: all subslices
    func SplitN(s, sep []byte, n int) [][]byte { return genSplit(s, sep, 0, n) }

作用：将切片s根据sep切分成n个切片,注：切分后不含分隔符sep

// SplitAfterN slices s into subslices after each instance of sep and
    // returns a slice of those subslices.
    // If sep is empty, SplitAfterN splits after each UTF-8 sequence.
    // The count determines the number of subslices to return:
    //   n > 0: at most n subslices; the last subslice will be the unsplit remainder.
    //   n == 0: the result is nil (zero subslices)
    //   n < 0: all subslices
    func SplitAfterN(s, sep []byte, n int) [][]byte {
    	return genSplit(s, sep, len(sep), n)
    }

作用：将切片s根据sep切分成n个切片，切分后包含分隔符sep

// Split slices s into all subslices separated by sep and returns a slice of
    // the subslices between those separators.
    // If sep is empty, Split splits after each UTF-8 sequence.
    // It is equivalent to SplitN with a count of -1.
    func Split(s, sep []byte) [][]byte { return genSplit(s, sep, 0, -1) }

作用：将切片s根据sep进行切分，切分后不包含分隔符sep

// SplitAfter slices s into all subslices after each instance of sep and
    // returns a slice of those subslices.
    // If sep is empty, SplitAfter splits after each UTF-8 sequence.
    // It is equivalent to SplitAfterN with a count of -1.
    func SplitAfter(s, sep []byte) [][]byte {
    	return genSplit(s, sep, len(sep), -1)
    }

作用：将s根据sep进行切分，切分后包含分隔符sep

// Fields interprets s as a sequence of UTF-8-encoded code points.
    // It splits the slice s around each instance of one or more consecutive white space
    // characters, as defined by unicode.IsSpace, returning a slice of subslices of s or an
    // empty slice if s contains only white space.
    func Fields(s []byte) [][]byte {
    	// First count the fields.
    	// This is an exact count if s is ASCII, otherwise it is an approximation.
    	n := 0
    	wasSpace := 1
    	// setBits is used to track which bits are set in the bytes of s.
    	setBits := uint8(0)
    	for i := 0; i < len(s); i++ {
    		r := s[i]
    		setBits |= r
    		isSpace := int(asciiSpace[r])
    		n += wasSpace & ^isSpace
    		wasSpace = isSpace
    	}
    
    	if setBits >= utf8.RuneSelf {
    		// Some runes in the input slice are not ASCII.
    		return FieldsFunc(s, unicode.IsSpace)
    	}
    
    	// ASCII fast path
    	a := make([][]byte, n)
    	na := 0
    	fieldStart := 0
    	i := 0
    	// Skip spaces in the front of the input.
    	for i < len(s) && asciiSpace[s[i]] != 0 {
    		i++
    	}
    	fieldStart = i
    	for i < len(s) {
    		if asciiSpace[s[i]] == 0 {
    			i++
    			continue
    		}
    		a[na] = s[fieldStart:i:i]
    		na++
    		i++
    		// Skip spaces in between fields.
    		for i < len(s) && asciiSpace[s[i]] != 0 {
    			i++
    		}
    		fieldStart = i
    	}
    	if fieldStart < len(s) { // Last field might end at EOF.
    		a[na] = s[fieldStart:len(s):len(s)]
    	}
    	return a
    }

作用：将s切片 根据  \\t或\\n或\\v或\\f 或\\r或空格进行切分

// FieldsFunc interprets s as a sequence of UTF-8-encoded code points.
    // It splits the slice s at each run of code points c satisfying f(c) and
    // returns a slice of subslices of s. If all code points in s satisfy f(c), or
    // len(s) == 0, an empty slice is returned.
    // FieldsFunc makes no guarantees about the order in which it calls f(c).
    // If f does not return consistent results for a given c, FieldsFunc may crash.
    func FieldsFunc(s []byte, f func(rune) bool) [][]byte {
    	// A span is used to record a slice of s of the form s[start:end].
    	// The start index is inclusive and the end index is exclusive.
    	type span struct {
    		start int
    		end   int
    	}
    	spans := make([]span, 0, 32)
    
    	// Find the field start and end indices.
    	wasField := false
    	fromIndex := 0
    	for i := 0; i < len(s); {
    		size := 1
    		r := rune(s[i])
    		if r >= utf8.RuneSelf {
    			r, size = utf8.DecodeRune(s[i:])
    		}
    		if f(r) {
    			if wasField {
    				spans = append(spans, span{start: fromIndex, end: i})
    				wasField = false
    			}
    		} else {
    			if !wasField {
    				fromIndex = i
    				wasField = true
    			}
    		}
    		i += size
    	}
    
    	// Last field might end at EOF.
    	if wasField {
    		spans = append(spans, span{fromIndex, len(s)})
    	}
    
    	// Create subslices from recorded field indices.
    	a := make([][]byte, len(spans))
    	for i, span := range spans {
    		a[i] = s[span.start:span.end:span.end]
    	}
    
    	return a
    }

作用：将切片s根据f函数进行切分

// Join concatenates the elements of s to create a new byte slice. The separator
    // sep is placed between elements in the resulting slice.
    func Join(s [][]byte, sep []byte) []byte {
    	if len(s) == 0 {
    		return []byte{}
    	}
    	if len(s) == 1 {
    		// Just return a copy.
    		return append([]byte(nil), s[0]...)
    	}
    	n := len(sep) * (len(s) - 1)
    	for _, v := range s {
    		n += len(v)
    	}
    
    	b := make([]byte, n)
    	bp := copy(b, s[0])
    	for _, v := range s[1:] {
    		bp += copy(b[bp:], sep)
    		bp += copy(b[bp:], v)
    	}
    	return b
    }

作用：将s根据sep进行连接，sep是连接符

// HasPrefix tests whether the byte slice s begins with prefix.
    func HasPrefix(s, prefix []byte) bool {
    	return len(s) >= len(prefix) && Equal(s[0:len(prefix)], prefix)
    }

作用：判断s是否是以prefix开头

// HasSuffix tests whether the byte slice s ends with suffix.
    func HasSuffix(s, suffix []byte) bool {
    	return len(s) >= len(suffix) && Equal(s[len(s)-len(suffix):], suffix)
    }

作用：判断切片s是否是以suffix结尾

// Map returns a copy of the byte slice s with all its characters modified
    // according to the mapping function. If mapping returns a negative value, the character is
    // dropped from the byte slice with no replacement. The characters in s and the
    // output are interpreted as UTF-8-encoded code points.
    func Map(mapping func(r rune) rune, s []byte) []byte {
    	// In the worst case, the slice can grow when mapped, making
    	// things unpleasant. But it's so rare we barge in assuming it's
    	// fine. It could also shrink but that falls out naturally.
    	maxbytes := len(s) // length of b
    	nbytes := 0        // number of bytes encoded in b
    	b := make([]byte, maxbytes)
    	for i := 0; i < len(s); {
    		wid := 1
    		r := rune(s[i])
    		if r >= utf8.RuneSelf {
    			r, wid = utf8.DecodeRune(s[i:])
    		}
    		r = mapping(r)
    		if r >= 0 {
    			rl := utf8.RuneLen(r)
    			if rl < 0 {
    				rl = len(string(utf8.RuneError))
    			}
    			if nbytes+rl > maxbytes {
    				// Grow the buffer.
    				maxbytes = maxbytes*2 + utf8.UTFMax
    				nb := make([]byte, maxbytes)
    				copy(nb, b[0:nbytes])
    				b = nb
    			}
    			nbytes += utf8.EncodeRune(b[nbytes:maxbytes], r)
    		}
    		i += wid
    	}
    	return b[0:nbytes]
    }

作用：将切片s根据映射函数mapping生成新的切片

// Repeat returns a new byte slice consisting of count copies of b.
    //
    // It panics if count is negative or if
    // the result of (len(b) * count) overflows.
    func Repeat(b []byte, count int) []byte {
    	// Since we cannot return an error on overflow,
    	// we should panic if the repeat will generate
    	// an overflow.
    	// See Issue golang.org/issue/16237.
    	if count < 0 {
    		panic("bytes: negative Repeat count")
    	} else if count > 0 && len(b)*count/count != len(b) {
    		panic("bytes: Repeat count causes overflow")
    	}
    
    	nb := make([]byte, len(b)*count)
    	bp := copy(nb, b)
    	for bp < len(nb) {
    		copy(nb[bp:], nb[:bp])
    		bp *= 2
    	}
    	return nb
    }

作用：填充count个b切片，即返回的切片有count个切片b填充，返回切片的长度为:len(b)\*count

// ToUpper treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a copy with all the Unicode letters within it mapped to their upper case.
    func ToUpper(s []byte) []byte { return Map(unicode.ToUpper, s) }

作用：将切片中的每个字节元素转成大写

// ToLower treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a copy with all the Unicode letters mapped to their lower case.
    func ToLower(s []byte) []byte { return Map(unicode.ToLower, s) }

作用：将切片中的每个字节元素转成小写

// ToTitle treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a copy with all the Unicode letters mapped to their title case.
    func ToTitle(s []byte) []byte { return Map(unicode.ToTitle, s) }

作用：将切片 s 中的所有字符修改为标题格式返回

// ToUpperSpecial treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a copy with all the Unicode letters mapped to their
    // upper case, giving priority to the special casing rules.
    func ToUpperSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s []byte) []byte {
    	return Map(func(r rune) rune { return c.ToUpper(r) }, s)
    }

作用：使用指定的映射表将 s 中的所有字符修改为大写格式返回。

// ToLowerSpecial treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a copy with all the Unicode letters mapped to their
    // lower case, giving priority to the special casing rules.
    func ToLowerSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s []byte) []byte {
    	return Map(func(r rune) rune { return c.ToLower(r) }, s)
    }

作用:使用指定的映射表将 s 中的所有字符修改为小写格式返回。

// ToTitleSpecial treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a copy with all the Unicode letters mapped to their
    // title case, giving priority to the special casing rules.
    func ToTitleSpecial(c unicode.SpecialCase, s []byte) []byte {
    	return Map(func(r rune) rune { return c.ToTitle(r) }, s)
    }

作用：使用指定的映射表将 切片 s 中的所有字符修改为标题格式返回。

// isSeparator reports whether the rune could mark a word boundary.
    // TODO: update when package unicode captures more of the properties.
    func isSeparator(r rune) bool {
    	// ASCII alphanumerics and underscore are not separators
    	if r <= 0x7F {
    		switch {
    		case '0' <= r && r <= '9':
    			return false
    		case 'a' <= r && r <= 'z':
    			return false
    		case 'A' <= r && r <= 'Z':
    			return false
    		case r == '_':
    			return false
    		}
    		return true
    	}
    	// Letters and digits are not separators
    	if unicode.IsLetter(r) || unicode.IsDigit(r) {
    		return false
    	}
    	// Otherwise, all we can do for now is treat spaces as separators.
    	return unicode.IsSpace(r)
    }

isSeparator方法判断是否是分隔符

// Title treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a copy with all Unicode letters that begin
    // words mapped to their title case.
    //
    // BUG(rsc): The rule Title uses for word boundaries does not handle Unicode punctuation properly.
    func Title(s []byte) []byte {
    	// Use a closure here to remember state.
    	// Hackish but effective. Depends on Map scanning in order and calling
    	// the closure once per rune.
    	prev := ' '
    	return Map(
    		func(r rune) rune {
    			if isSeparator(prev) {
    				prev = r
    				return unicode.ToTitle(r)
    			}
    			prev = r
    			return r
    		},
    		s)
    }

作用： 将切片 s 中的所有单词的首字符修改为 Title 格式返回。

// TrimLeftFunc treats s as UTF-8-encoded bytes and returns a subslice of s by slicing off
    // all leading UTF-8-encoded code points c that satisfy f(c).
    func TrimLeftFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool) []byte {
    	i := indexFunc(s, f, false)
    	if i == -1 {
    		return nil
    	}
    	return s[i:]
    }

作用：去除切片s中左侧符合f函数的元素

// TrimRightFunc returns a subslice of s by slicing off all trailing
    // UTF-8-encoded code points c that satisfy f(c).
    func TrimRightFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool) []byte {
    	i := lastIndexFunc(s, f, false)
    	if i >= 0 && s[i] >= utf8.RuneSelf {
    		_, wid := utf8.DecodeRune(s[i:])
    		i += wid
    	} else {
    		i++
    	}
    	return s[0:i]
    }

作用：去除切片s右侧符合f函数的元素

// TrimFunc returns a subslice of s by slicing off all leading and trailing
    // UTF-8-encoded code points c that satisfy f(c).
    func TrimFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool) []byte {
    	return TrimRightFunc(TrimLeftFunc(s, f), f)
    }

作用：去除切片s两侧符合f函数的元素

// TrimPrefix returns s without the provided leading prefix string.
    // If s doesn't start with prefix, s is returned unchanged.
    func TrimPrefix(s, prefix []byte) []byte {
    	if HasPrefix(s, prefix) {
    		return s[len(prefix):]
    	}
    	return s
    }

作用：去除切片s前面的prefix切片，如果prefix不是s的头部，则不去除直接返回切片s

// TrimSuffix returns s without the provided trailing suffix string.
    // If s doesn't end with suffix, s is returned unchanged.
    func TrimSuffix(s, suffix []byte) []byte {
    	if HasSuffix(s, suffix) {
    		return s[:len(s)-len(suffix)]
    	}
    	return s
    }

作用：去除切片s后缀的suffix，如果suffix不是s的尾部，则不进行去除操作

// IndexFunc interprets s as a sequence of UTF-8-encoded code points.
    // It returns the byte index in s of the first Unicode
    // code point satisfying f(c), or -1 if none do.
    func IndexFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool) int {
    	return indexFunc(s, f, true)
    }

作用：查找符合 f 的字符在 s 中第一次出现的位置，找不到则返回 -1。

// LastIndexFunc interprets s as a sequence of UTF-8-encoded code points.
    // It returns the byte index in s of the last Unicode
    // code point satisfying f(c), or -1 if none do.
    func LastIndexFunc(s []byte, f func(r rune) bool) int {
    	return lastIndexFunc(s, f, true)
    }

作用：查找符合 f 的字符在 s 中最后一次出现的位置，找不到则返回 -1。

// Trim returns a subslice of s by slicing off all leading and
    // trailing UTF-8-encoded code points contained in cutset.
    func Trim(s []byte, cutset string) []byte {
    	return TrimFunc(s, makeCutsetFunc(cutset))
    }

作用：移除切片s前后两端符合cutset字符串的元素

// TrimLeft returns a subslice of s by slicing off all leading
    // UTF-8-encoded code points contained in cutset.
    func TrimLeft(s []byte, cutset string) []byte {
    	return TrimLeftFunc(s, makeCutsetFunc(cutset))
    }

作用：移除切片s左侧符合cutset的元素

// TrimRight returns a subslice of s by slicing off all trailing
    // UTF-8-encoded code points that are contained in cutset.
    func TrimRight(s []byte, cutset string) []byte {
    	return TrimRightFunc(s, makeCutsetFunc(cutset))
    }

作用：移除切片s右侧符合cutset字符串的元素

// TrimSpace returns a subslice of s by slicing off all leading and
    // trailing white space, as defined by Unicode.
    func TrimSpace(s []byte) []byte {
    	return TrimFunc(s, unicode.IsSpace)
    }

作用：移除切片s中左右两侧的空格

// Runes interprets s as a sequence of UTF-8-encoded code points.
    // It returns a slice of runes (Unicode code points) equivalent to s.
    func Runes(s []byte) []rune {
    	t := make([]rune, utf8.RuneCount(s))
    	i := 0
    	for len(s) > 0 {
    		r, l := utf8.DecodeRune(s)
    		t[i] = r
    		i++
    		s = s[l:]
    	}
    	return t
    }

作用：将字节数组安装UTF-8编码转成\[\]rune切片

// Replace returns a copy of the slice s with the first n
    // non-overlapping instances of old replaced by new.
    // If old is empty, it matches at the beginning of the slice
    // and after each UTF-8 sequence, yielding up to k+1 replacements
    // for a k-rune slice.
    // If n < 0, there is no limit on the number of replacements.
    func Replace(s, old, new []byte, n int) []byte {
    	m := 0
    	if n != 0 {
    		// Compute number of replacements.
    		m = Count(s, old)
    	}
    	if m == 0 {
    		// Just return a copy.
    		return append([]byte(nil), s...)
    	}
    	if n < 0 || m < n {
    		n = m
    	}
    
    	// Apply replacements to buffer.
    	t := make([]byte, len(s)+n*(len(new)-len(old)))
    	w := 0
    	start := 0
    	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
    		j := start
    		if len(old) == 0 {
    			if i > 0 {
    				_, wid := utf8.DecodeRune(s[start:])
    				j += wid
    			}
    		} else {
    			j += Index(s[start:], old)
    		}
    		w += copy(t[w:], s[start:j])
    		w += copy(t[w:], new)
    		start = j + len(old)
    	}
    	w += copy(t[w:], s[start:])
    	return t[0:w]
    }

作用：用new切片替换s切片中old切片元素，n是替换的个数

// EqualFold reports whether s and t, interpreted as UTF-8 strings,
    // are equal under Unicode case-folding.
    func EqualFold(s, t []byte) bool {
    	for len(s) != 0 && len(t) != 0 {
    		// Extract first rune from each.
    		var sr, tr rune
    		if s[0] < utf8.RuneSelf {
    			sr, s = rune(s[0]), s[1:]
    		} else {
    			r, size := utf8.DecodeRune(s)
    			sr, s = r, s[size:]
    		}
    		if t[0] < utf8.RuneSelf {
    			tr, t = rune(t[0]), t[1:]
    		} else {
    			r, size := utf8.DecodeRune(t)
    			tr, t = r, t[size:]
    		}
    
    		// If they match, keep going; if not, return false.
    
    		// Easy case.
    		if tr == sr {
    			continue
    		}
    
    		// Make sr < tr to simplify what follows.
    		if tr < sr {
    			tr, sr = sr, tr
    		}
    		// Fast check for ASCII.
    		if tr < utf8.RuneSelf && 'A' <= sr && sr <= 'Z' {
    			// ASCII, and sr is upper case.  tr must be lower case.
    			if tr == sr+'a'-'A' {
    				continue
    			}
    			return false
    		}
    
    		// General case. SimpleFold(x) returns the next equivalent rune > x
    		// or wraps around to smaller values.
    		r := unicode.SimpleFold(sr)
    		for r != sr && r < tr {
    			r = unicode.SimpleFold(r)
    		}
    		if r == tr {
    			continue
    		}
    		return false
    	}
    
    	// One string is empty. Are both?
    	return len(s) == len(t)
    }

作用：判断切片s和t是否相等，忽略大小写

func IndexByte(s []byte, c byte) int

作用：字节c在切片s中第一次出现的索引，如果不包含在切片s中则返回-1

func Equal(a, b []byte) bool

作用：判断两个切片a和b是否想等

func Compare(a, b []byte) int

作用：用于两个切片a和b进行比较

a > b 返回1

a < b 返回-1

a == b 返回0