PO模式+数据驱动（TPshop网站的登录模块进行单元测试以及区分正向逆向用例）

迈不过友情╰ 2022-11-27 10:25 43阅读 0赞

## 一、区分正向逆向用例 ##

思路：在测试数据中添加一一个标识正向用例或逆向用例的标记：如：True/False  
步骤：

1.  调用登录方法(此登录方法中，只有输入用户名、输入密码、输入验证码、  
    点击登录按钮)
2.  判断用例标记：  
    \#判断安全退出是否存在  
    \#点击安全退出  
    \#点击登录连接地址

## 二、实例 ##

TPshop网站的登录模块进行单元测试（最终版），可[点击链接][Link 1]查看之前不同模式的测试

##### （一）实现步骤 #####

1.  编写测试用例
2.  采用PO模式的分层思想对页面进行封装
3.  编写测试脚本
4.  定义数据文件，实现参数化

##### （二）用例设计 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3l1ZV9sdW9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

##### （三）代码结构图 #####

![在这里插入图片描述][20200815041719130.png_pic_center]

##### （四）示例代码 #####

*  对象库层：base.py

"""base.py"""
    # -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
    # Auothor:yue_luo
    import time
    from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
    
    class Base:
    
        # 初始化
        def __init__(self,driver):
            self.driver = driver
    
        # 查找元素方法
        def base_find_element(self,loc,timeout=30,poll_frequency=0.5):
            return WebDriverWait(driver=self.driver,timeout=timeout,poll_frequency=poll_frequency).until(lambda x:x.find_element(*loc))
    
        # 点击方法
        def base_click(self,loc):
            self.base_find_element(loc).click()
    
        # 输入方法
        def base_input(self,loc,value):
            element = self.base_find_element(loc)
            element.clear()
            element.send_keys(value)
    
        # 获取文本方法
        def base_get_text(self,loc):
            msg = self.base_find_element(loc).text
            return msg
        
        # 截图
        def base_get_image(self,):
            self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file("./{}.png".format(time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S")))
    
        # 判断元素是否存在
        def base_if_success(self,loc):
            try:
                self.base_find_element(loc, timeout=2)
                # 找到元素 assertTrue
                return True
            except:
                return False

"""get_driver.py"""
    # -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
    # Auothor:yue_luo
    from selenium import webdriver
    from v3 import page
    
    class GetDriver:
    
        driver = None
        @classmethod
        def get_driver(cls):
            if cls.driver == None:
                cls.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
                cls.driver.maximize_window()
                cls.driver.get(page.url)
            return cls.driver
    
        @classmethod
        def quit_driver(cls):
            if cls.driver:
                cls.driver.quit()
                """置空"""
                cls.driver = None

*  操作层：\_ \_init \_ \_.py 和 page\_login.py

"""__init__.py"""
    # -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
    # Auothor:yue_luo
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    
    """以下为服务器域名配置地址"""
    url ="http://www.tpshop.com"
    
    """以下为登录页面配置信息"""
    # 登录链接
    login_link = By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT , "登录"
    # 用户名
    login_username = By.ID,"username"
    # 密码
    login_pwd = By.NAME,"password"
    # 验证码
    login_verify_code = By.CSS_SELECTOR,"#verify_code"
    # 登录按钮
    login_btn =By.NAME,"sbtbutton"
    # 获取异常文本信息
    login_err_info = By.CLASS_NAME,"layui-layer-content"
    # 异常提示框 确定按钮
    login_err_btn_ok = By.CSS_SELECTOR,".layui-layer-btn0"
    # 安全退出
    login_logout = By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT,"安全退出"

"""page_login.py"""
    from v3 import page
    from v3.base.base import Base
    
    class PageLogin(Base):
    
        # 点击登录链接
        def page_click_login_link(self):
            self.base_click(page.login_link)
    
        # 输入用户名
        def page_input_username(self,username):
            self.base_input(page.login_username,username)
    
        # 输入密码
        def page_input_passwrod(self,pwd):
            self.base_input(page.login_pwd,pwd)
    
        # 输入验证码
        def page_input_verify_code(self,code):
            self.base_input(page.login_verify_code,code)
    
        # 点击登录
        def page_click_login_btn(self):
            self.base_click(page.login_btn)
    
        # 获取异常提示信息
        def page_get_error_info(self):
            return self.base_get_text(page.login_err_info)
    
        # 点击异常信息框 确定
        def page_click_error_btn_ok(self):
            self.base_click(page.login_err_btn_ok)
    
        # 截图
        def page_get_screenshot(self):
            self.base_get_image()
    	# 点击 安全退出->退出登录
        def page_click_logout(self):
            self.base_click(page.login_logout)
    
        # 判断是否登录成功
        def page_is_login_success(self):
            return self.base_if_success(page.login_logout)
    
        # 判断是否退出成功
        def page_is_logout_success(self):
            return self.base_if_success(page.login_link)
            
        #  组合业务方法
        def page_login(self,username,pwd,code):
            self.page_input_username(username)
            self.page_input_passwrod(pwd)
            self.page_input_verify_code(code)
            self.page_click_login_btn()

*  业务层：test\_login.py

"""test_login.py"""
    # -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
    # Auothor:yue_luo
    
    # 导包
    import unittest
    from time import sleep
    from parameterized import parameterized
    
    from v3.base.get_driver import GetDriver
    from v3.page.page_login import  PageLogin
    
    # 参数化
    from v3.tool.read_json import read_json
    
    
    def get_data():
        data = read_json("login.json")
        """
           期望数据格式：[("13099999999","123456","8888","账号不存在!",false),
                ("17864307785","error","8888","密码错误!",false)]
        """
        list = []
        for n in data.values():
            list.append((n["username"], n["pwd"], n["code"], n["msg"],n["flag"]))# n["key"] 或n.get("key")
        return list
    
    # 新建测试类并继承
    class TestLogin(unittest.TestCase):
    
        # setUp
        @classmethod
        def setUpClass(cls):
            # 实例化driver并获取
            cls.driver = GetDriver().get_driver()
            # 实例化 获取登录对象
            cls.login =PageLogin(cls.driver)
            # 点击登录链接
            cls.login.page_click_login_link()
    
        # tearDown
        @classmethod
        def tearDownClass(cls):
            # 关闭driver浏览器驱动对象
            sleep(3)
            GetDriver().quit_driver()
    
        # 登录测试方法
        @parameterized.expand(get_data())
        def test_login(self,username,pwd,code,expect_result,success):
            # 调用登录方法
            self.login.page_login(username,pwd,code)
            # 登陆成功
            if success :
                try:
                    # 判断 安全退出是否存在
                    self.assertTrue(self.login.page_is_login_success())
                    print("***登录成功")
                    # 退出
                    self.login.page_click_logout()
                    try:
                        self.assertTrue(self.login.page_is_logout_success())
                    except AssertionError:
                        # 截图
                        self.login.page_get_screenshot()
                        raise
                except AssertionError:
                    # 截图
                    self.login.page_get_screenshot()
                    raise
                finally:
                    self.login.page_click_login_link()
            else:
                # 获取登录提示信息
                result = self.login.page_get_error_info()
                print("result；",result)
                sleep(1)
                #断言
                try:
                    self.assertIn(result,expect_result)
                    sleep(1)
                except AssertionError:
                    #截图
                    self.login.page_get_screenshot()
                    raise
                finally:
                    # 点击提示框确定按钮
                    self.login.page_click_error_btn_ok()
                    sleep(1)

*  数据文件（login.json）

{
        
      "login_01":{
        "username":"13099999999","pwd":"123456","code":"8888","msg":"账号不存在!","flag":false},
      "login_02":{
        "username":"17864307785","pwd":"error","code":"8888","msg":"密码错误!","flag":false},
      "login_03":{
        "username":"","pwd":"error","code":"8888","msg":"用户名不能为空!","flag":false},
      "login_04":{
        "username":"17864307785","pwd":"","code":"8888","msg":"密码不能为空!","flag":false},
      "login_05":{
        "username":"17864307785","pwd":"error","code":"","msg":"验证码不能为空!","flag":false},
      "login_06":{
        "username":"17864307785","pwd":"123456","code":"8888","msg":"安全退出","flag":true}
    }

*  工具类（read\_json.py）

import json
    
    def read_json(filename):
        filepath ="../data/"+ filename
        with open(filepath,"r",encoding="utf8") as f:
            return json.load(f)

[Link 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/yue_luo_/article/details/107873844
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3l1ZV9sdW9f_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20221124/c355ef4d71d840b294aee1b734f46c33.png
[20200815041719130.png_pic_center]: /images/20221124/29cc3966d40946afa70cdade22732901.png