如何在Ubuntu 20.04上使用日志记录集中日志

ゞ浴缸里的玫瑰 2022-11-28 15:25 381阅读 0赞

### 介绍 **(**Introduction**)** ###

System logs are an extremely important component of managing Linux systems. They provide an invaluable insight into how the systems are working and also how they are being used because, in addition to errors, they record operational information such as security events. The standard configuration for Linux systems is to store their logs locally on the same system where they occurred. This works for standalone systems but quickly becomes a problem as the number of systems increases. The solution to managing all these logs is to create a centralized logging server where each Linux host sends its logs, in real-time, to a dedicated log management server.

系统日志是管理Linux系统的极其重要的组成部分。 它们提供了有关系统如何工作以及如何使用它们的宝贵见解，因为它们除了记录错误外，还记录诸如安全事件之类的操作信息。 Linux系统的标准配置是将日志本地存储在发生日志的同一系统上。 这适用于独立系统，但是随着系统数量的增加很快成为问题。 管理所有这些日志的解决方案是创建一个集中式日志服务器，每个Linux主机在其中将其日志实时发送到专用日志管理服务器。

A centralized logging solution offers several benefits compared with storing logs on each host:

与将日志存储在每个主机上相比，集中式日志记录解决方案具有多个优点：

*  Reduces the amount of disk space needed on each host to store log files.
    
    减少每个主机上存储日志文件所需的磁盘空间量。
 *  Logs can be retained for longer as the dedicated log server can be configured with more storage capacity.
    
    可以将日志保留更长的时间，因为可以为专用日志服务器配置更多的存储容量。
 *  Advanced log analysis can be carried out that requires logs from multiple systems and also more compute resources than may be available on the hosts.
    
    可以执行高级日志分析，这需要来自多个系统的日志，并且还需要比主机上可用的计算资源更多的计算资源。
 *  Systems administrators can access the logs for all their systems that they may not be able to log in to directly for security reasons.
    
    系统管理员可以访问他们出于安全原因可能无法直接登录的所有系统的日志。

In this guide, you will configure a component of the [systemd][] suite of tools to relay log messages from client systems to a centralized log collection server. You will configure the server and client to use TLS certificates to encrypt the log messages as they are transmitted across insecure networks such as the internet and also to authenticate each other.

在本指南中，您将配置[systemd][]工具套件的组件，以将日志消息从客户端系统中继到集中式日志收集服务器。 您将配置服务器和客户端使用TLS证书来加密日志消息，因为它们是通过不安全的网络(例如Internet)传输的，并且还可以彼此进行身份验证。

## 先决条件 **(**Prerequisites**)** ##

Before you begin this guide you’ll need the following:

在开始本指南之前，您需要满足以下条件：

*  Two Ubuntu 20.04 servers.
    
    两台Ubuntu 20.04服务器。
 *  A non-root user with sudo privileges on both servers. Follow the [Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu 20.04][] guide for instructions on how to do this. You should also configure the UFW firewall on both servers as explained in the guide.
    
    两台服务器上均具有sudo特权的非root用户。 请遵循《 [Ubuntu 20.04初始服务器设置》][Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu 20.04]指南中有关如何执行此操作的说明。 您还应该按照指南中的说明在两台服务器上配置UFW防火墙。
 *  Two hostnames that point to your servers. One hostname for the **client** system that generates the logs and another one for the log collection **server**. Learn how to point hostnames to DigitalOcean Droplets by consulting the [Domains and DNS][] documentation.
    
    指向您的服务器的两个主机名。 用于生成日志的**客户端**系统的一个主机名，以及用于日志收集**服务器的**另一个主机名。 通过查询[域和DNS][Domains and DNS]文档，了解如何将主机名指向DigitalOcean Droplet。

This guide will use the following two example hostnames:

本指南将使用以下两个示例主机名：

*  `client.your_domain`: The client system that generates the logs.
    
    `client.your_domain` ：生成日志的客户端系统。
 *  `server.your_domain`: The log collection server.
    
    `server.your_domain` ：日志收集服务器。

以非root用户sudo用户身份通过SSH登录到单独终端中的客户端和服务器，以开始本教程。

**Note**: Throughout the tutorial command blocks are labeled with the server name (**client** or **server**) that the command should be run on.

**注意** ：在整个教程命令块中，均标有应在其上运行命令的服务器名称( **client**或**server** )。

## 第1步-安装`systemd-journal-remote` **(**Step 1 — Installing `systemd-journal-remote`**)** ##

In this step, you will install the `systemd-journal-remote` package on the **client** and the **server**. This package contains the components that the **client** and **server** use to relay log messages.

在此步骤中，您将在**客户端**和**服务器**上安装`systemd-journal-remote`软件包。 该软件包包含**客户端**和**服务器**用来中继日志消息的组件。

First, on both the **client** and **server**, run a system update to ensure that the package database and the system is current:

首先，在**客户端**和**服务器上** ，运行系统更新以确保软件包数据库和系统是最新的：

Client and Server

客户端和服务器

*  sudo apt update
    
    sudo apt更新
 *  sudo apt upgrade
    
    sudo apt升级

Next, install the `systemd-journal-remote` package:

接下来，安装`systemd-journal-remote`软件包：

Client and Server

客户端和服务器

*  sudo apt install systemd-journal-remote
    
    须藤apt install systemd-journal-remote

On the **server**, enable and start the two [`systemd`][systemd 1] components that it needs to receive log messages with the following command:

在**服务器上** ，使用以下命令启用并启动接收日志消息所需的两个[`systemd`][systemd 1]组件：

Server

服务器

*  sudo systemctl enable --now systemd-journal-remote.socket
    
    sudo systemctl enable --now systemd-journal-remote.socket
 *  sudo systemctl enable systemd-journal-remote.service
    
    sudo systemctl启用systemd-journal-remote.service

The `--now` option in the first command starts the services immediately. You did not use it in the second command because this service will not start until it has TLS certificates, which you will create in the next step.

第一个命令中的`--now`选项将立即启动服务。 您没有在第二个命令中使用它，因为该服务只有在拥有TLS证书(您将在下一步创建)之后才会启动。

On the **client**, enable the component that `systemd` uses to send the log messages to the server:

在**客户端上** ，启用`systemd`用于将日志消息发送到服务器的组件：

Client

客户

*  sudo systemctl enable systemd-journal-upload.service
    
    sudo systemctl启用systemd-journal-upload.service

Next, on the server, open ports `19532` and `80` in the UFW firewall. This will allow the server to receive the log messages from the client. Port `80` is the port that `certbot` will use to generate the TLS certificate. The following commands will open these ports:

接下来，在服务器上，打开UFW防火墙中的端口`19532`和`80` 。 这将允许服务器从客户端接收日志消息。 端口`80`是`certbot`将用于生成TLS证书的端口。 以下命令将打开这些端口：

Server

服务器

*  sudo ufw allow in 19532/tcp
    
    sudo ufw在19532 / tcp中允许
 *  sudo ufw allow in 80/tcp
    
    sudo ufw允许80 / tcp

On the client, you only need to open port `80` with this command:

在客户端上，您只需要使用以下命令打开端口`80` ：

Client

客户

*  sudo ufw allow in 80/tcp
    
    sudo ufw允许80 / tcp

You have now installed the required components and completed the base system configuration on the client and server. Before you can configure these components to start relaying log messages you will register the [Let’s Encrypt][Let_s Encrypt] TLS certificates for the **client** and **server** using the [`certbot`][certbot] utility.

现在，您已经安装了必需的组件，并在客户端和服务器上完成了基本系统配置。 在配置这些组件开始中继日志消息之前，您将使用[`certbot`][certbot]实用程序为**客户端**和**服务器**注册“ [让我们加密][Let_s Encrypt] TLS”证书。

## 第2步-安装Certbot并注册证书 **(**Step 2 — Installing Certbot and Registering Certificates**)** ##

Let’s Encrypt is a [Certificate Authority][] that issues free TLS certificates. These certificates allow computers to both encrypt the data that they send between them and also verify each other’s identity. These certificates are what allow you to secure your internet browsing with HTTPS. The same certificates can be used by any other application that wants the same level of security. The process of registering the certificate is the same no matter what you use them for.

让我们加密是一个[颁发][Certificate Authority]免费的TLS证书的[证书颁发机构][Certificate Authority] 。 这些证书使计算机既可以加密它们之间发送的数据，也可以验证彼此的身份。 这些证书使您可以使用HTTPS保护互联网浏览的安全。 需要其他安全级别的任何其他应用程序都可以使用相同的证书。 不管您使用什么证书，注册证书的过程都是相同的。

In this step, you will install the `certbot` utility and use it to register the certificates. It will also automatically take care of renewing the certificates when they expire. The registration process here is the same on the **client** and **server**. You only need to change the hostname to match the host where you are running the registration command.

在此步骤中，您将安装`certbot`实用程序并将其用于注册证书。 证书过期时，它还将自动负责更新证书。 **客户端**和**服务器**上的注册过程相同。 您只需要更改主机名即可与运行注册命令的主机匹配。

First, enable Ubuntu’s `universe` repository as the `certbot` utility resides in the `universe` repository. If you already have the `universe` repository enabled, running these commands will not do anything to your system and are safe to run:

首先，启用`certbot`实用程序驻留在`universe`存储库中的Ubuntu的`universe`存储库。 如果已经启用了`universe`存储库，则运行以下命令不会对您的系统产生任何影响，并且可以安全地运行：

Client and Server

客户端和服务器

*  sudo apt install software-properties-common
    
    sudo apt安装软件属性通用
 *  sudo add-apt-repository universe
    
    sudo add-apt-repository Universe
 *  sudo apt update
    
    sudo apt更新

Next, install `certbot` on both hosts:

接下来，在两台主机上安装`certbot` ：

Client and Server

客户端和服务器

*  sudo apt install certbot
    
    sudo apt安装certbot

Now you’ve installed `certbot`, run the following command to register the certificates on the **client** and **server**:

现在，您已经安装了`certbot` ，运行以下命令在**客户端**和**服务器**上注册证书：

Client and Server

客户端和服务器

*  sudo certbot certonly --standalone --agree-tos --email sammy@your\_domain -d your\_domain
    
    sudo certbot certonly --standalone --agree-tos-电子邮件sammy @ your\_domain -d your\_domain

The options in this command mean as follows:

此命令中的选项含义如下：

*  `certonly`: Register the certificate and make no other changes on the system.
    
    `certonly` ：注册证书，并且在系统上没有其他更改。
 *  `--standalone`: Use certbot’s built-in web server to verify the certificate request.
    
    `--standalone` ：使用certbot的内置Web服务器来验证证书请求。
 *  `--agree-tos`: Automatically agree to the Let’s Encrypt Terms of Service.
    
    `--agree-tos` ：自动同意“让我们加密服务条款”。
 *  `--email your_email`: This is the email address that Let’s Encrypt will use to notify you about certificate expiry and other important information.
    
    `--email your_email` ：这是Let's Encrypt用来通知您证书到期和其他重要信息的电子邮件地址。
 *  `-d your_domain`: The hostname that the certificate will be registered for. This must match the system where you run it.
    
    `-d your_domain` ：将为其注册证书的主机名。 这必须与您运行它的系统匹配。

When you run this command you will be asked if you want to share the email address with Let’s Encrypt so they can email you news and other information about their work. Doing this is optional, if you do not share your email address the certificate registration will still complete normally.

运行此命令时，系统将询问您是否要与“加密”共享电子邮件地址，以便他们可以向您发送新闻和有关其工作的其他信息。 这样做是可选的，如果您不共享电子邮件地址，则证书注册仍将正常完成。

When the certificate registration process completes it will place the certificate and key files in `/etc/letsencrypt/live/your_domain/` where `your_domain` is the hostname that you registered the certificate for.

证书注册过程完成后，它将证书和密钥文件放在`/etc/letsencrypt/live/ your_domain /` ，其中`your_domain`是您为其注册证书的主机名。

Finally you need to download a copy of Let’s Encrypt’s CA and intermediate certificates and put them into the same file. `journald` will use this file to verify the authenticity of the certificates on the **client** and **server** when they communicate with each other.

最后，您需要下载Let's Encrypt的CA和中间证书的副本，并将它们放入同一文件中。 当**客户端**和**服务器**彼此通信时， `journald`将使用此文件来验证证书在**客户端**和**服务器**上的真实性。

The following command will download the two certificates from Let’s Encrypt’s website and put them into a single file called `letsencrypt-combined-certs.pem` in your user’s home directory.

以下命令将从Let's Encrypt的网站上下载这两个证书，并将它们放入用户主目录中的一个名为`letsencrypt-combined-certs.pem`的文件中。

Run this command on the **client** and **server** to download the certificates and create the combined file:

在**客户端**和**服务器**上运行此命令以下载证书并创建组合文件：

Client and Server

客户端和服务器

*  curl -s https://letsencrypt.org/certs/\{isrgrootx1.pem.txt,letsencryptauthorityx3.pem.txt\} > ~/letsencrypt-combined-certs.pem
    
    curl -s https://letsencrypt.org/certs/\{isrgrootx1.pem.txt,letsencryptauthorityx3.pem.txt\}>〜/ letsencrypt-combined-certs.pem

Next, move this file into the Let’s Encrypt directory containing the certificates and keys:

接下来，将此文件移动到包含证书和密钥的“让我们加密”目录中：

Client and Server

客户端和服务器

*  sudo cp ~/letsencrypt-combined-certs.pem /etc/letsencrypt/live/your\_domain/
    
    须藤cp〜/ letsencrypt-combined-certs.pem / etc / letsencrypt / live / your\_domain /

You’ve now registered the certificates and keys. In the next step, you will configure the log collection **server** to start listening for and storing log messages from the **client**.

现在，您已经注册了证书和密钥。 在下一步中，您将配置日志收集**服务器**以开始侦听和存储来自**客户端的**日志消息。

## 步骤3 —配置服务器 **(**Step 3 — Configuring the Server**)** ##

In this step, you will configure the **server** to use the certificate and key files that you generated in the last step so that it can start accepting log messages from the **client**.

在此步骤中，您将配置**服务器**以使用在上一步中生成的证书和密钥文件，以便它可以开始接受来自**客户端的**日志消息。

`systemd-journal-remote` is the component that listens for log messages. Open its configuration file at `/etc/systemd/journal-remote.conf` with a text editor to start configuring it on the **server**:

`systemd-journal-remote`是侦听日志消息的组件。 使用文本编辑器在`/etc/systemd/journal-remote.conf`打开其配置文件，以开始在**服务器**上对其进行**配置** ：

*  sudo nano /etc/systemd/journal-remote.conf
    
    须藤纳米/etc/systemd/journal-remote.conf

Next, uncomment all the lines under the `[Remote]` section and set the paths to point to the TLS files you just created:

接下来，取消注释`[Remote]`部分下的所有行，并设置路径以指向刚创建的TLS文件：

/etc/systemd/journal-remote.conf

[Remote]
    Seal=false
    SplitMode=host
    ServerKeyFile=/etc/letsencrypt/live/server.your_domain/privkey.pem
    ServerCertificateFile=/etc/letsencrypt/live/server.your_domain/fullchain.pem
    TrustedCertificateFile=/etc/letsencrypt/live/server.your_domain/letsencrypt-combined-certs.pem

Here are the options you’ve used here:

这是您在此处使用的选项：

*  `Seal=false`: Sign the log data in the journal. Enable this if you need maximum security; otherwise, you can leave it as `false`.
    
    `Seal=false` ：在日志中签名日志数据。 如果需要最大的安全性，请启用此选项。 否则，您可以将其保留为`false` 。
 *  `SplitMode=host`: The logs from the remote clients will be split by host in `/var/log/journal/remote`. If you would prefer all the logs to be added to a single file set this to `SplitMode=false`.
    
    `SplitMode=host` ：来自远程客户端的日志将由`/var/log/journal/remote`主机拆分。 如果您希望将所有日志添加到单个文件中，请将其设置为`SplitMode=false` 。
 *  `ServerKeyFile`: The server’s private key file.
    
    `ServerKeyFile` ：服务器的私钥文件。
 *  `ServerCertificateFile`: The server’s certificate file.
    
    `ServerCertificateFile` ：服务器的证书文件。
 *  `TrustedCertificateFile`: The file containing the Let’s Encrypt CA certificates.
    
    `TrustedCertificateFile` ：包含“让我们加密CA”证书的文件。

Now, you need to change the permissions on the Let’s Encrypt directories that contain the certificates and key so that the `systemd-journal-remote` can read and use them.

现在，您需要更改包含证书和密钥的“让我们加密”目录的权限，以便`systemd-journal-remote`可以读取和使用它们。

First, change the [permissions][] so that the certificate and private key are readable:

首先，更改[权限][permissions] ，以使证书和私钥可读：

*  sudo chmod 0755 /etc/letsencrypt/\{live,archive\}
    
    sudo chmod 0755 / etc / letsencrypt / \{live，archive\}
 *  sudo chmod 0640 /etc/letsencrypt/live/server.your\_domain/privkey.pem
    
    sudo chmod 0640 / etc / letsencrypt / live / server.your\_domain /privkey.pem

Next, change the group ownership of the private key to `systemd-journal-remote`’s group:

接下来，将私钥的组所有权更改为`systemd-journal-remote`的组：

*  sudo chgrp systemd-journal-remote /etc/letsencrypt/live/server.your\_domain/privkey.pem
    
    sudo chgrp systemd-journal-remote / etc / letsencrypt / live / server.your\_domain /privkey.pem

You can now start `systemd-journal-remote`:

您现在可以启动`systemd-journal-remote` ：

*  sudo systemctl start systemd-journal-remote.service
    
    sudo systemctl启动systemd-journal-remote.service

Your log collection **server** is now running and ready to start accepting log messages from a **client**. In the next step, you will configure the **client** to relay the logs to your collection **server**.

您的日志收集**服务器**现在正在运行，并准备开始接受来自**客户端的**日志消息。 在下一步中，您将配置**客户端**以将日志中继到收集**服务器** 。

## 步骤4 —配置客户端 **(**Step 4 — Configuring the Client**)** ##

In this step, you will configure the component that relays the log messages to the log collection server. This component is called `systemd-journal-upload`.

在此步骤中，您将配置将日志消息中继到日志收集服务器的组件。 该组件称为`systemd-journal-upload` 。

The default configuration for `systemd-journal-upload` is that it uses a temporary user that only exists while the process is running. This makes allowing `systemd-journal-upload` to read the TLS certificates and keys more complicated. To resolve this you will create a new system user with the same name as the temporary user that will get used in its place.

`systemd-journal-upload`的默认配置是它使用仅在进程运行时存在的临时用户。 这使得允许`systemd-journal-upload`读取TLS证书和密钥更加复杂。 要解决此问题，您将创建一个与临时用户同名的新系统用户。

First, create the new user called `systemd-journal-upload` on the **client** with the following `adduser` command:

首先，使用以下`adduser`命令在**客户端**上创建一个名为`systemd-journal-upload`的新用户：

*  sudo adduser --system --home /run/systemd --no-create-home --disabled-login --group systemd-journal-upload
    
    sudo adduser --system --home / run / systemd --no-create-home --disabled-login --group systemd-journal-upload

These options to the command are:

这些命令的选项是：

*  `--system`: Create the new user as a system user. This gives the user a UID (User Identifier) number under `1000`. UID’s over `1000` are usually given to user accounts that a human will use to log in with.
    
    `--system` ：将新用户创建为系统用户。 这为用户提供了一个`1000`的UID(用户标识符)编号。 通常会将超过`1000` UID分配给用户用于登录的用户帐户。
 *  `--home /run/systemd`: Set `/run/systemd` as the home directory for this user.
    
    `--home /run/systemd` ：将`/run/systemd`设置为该用户的主目录。
 *  `--no-create-home`: Don’t create the home directory set, as it already exists.
    
    `--no-create-home` ：不要创建主目录集，因为它已经存在。
 *  `--disabled-login`: The user cannot log in to the server via, for example, SSH.
    
    `--disabled-login` ：用户无法通过例如SSH登录服务器。
 *  `--group`: Create a group with the same name as the user.
    
    `--group` ：创建一个与用户同名的组。

Next, set the permissions and ownership of the Let’s Encrypt certificate files:

接下来，设置“加密”证书文件的权限和所有权：

*  sudo chmod 0755 /etc/letsencrypt/\{live,archive\}
    
    sudo chmod 0755 / etc / letsencrypt / \{live，archive\}
 *  sudo chmod 0640 /etc/letsencrypt/live/client.your\_domain/privkey.pem
    
    须藤chmod 0640 / etc / letsencrypt / live / client.your\_domain /privkey.pem
 *  sudo chgrp systemd-journal-upload /etc/letsencrypt/live/client.your\_domain/privkey.pem
    
    sudo chgrp systemd-journal-upload / etc / letsencrypt / live / client.your\_domain /privkey.pem

Now, edit the configuration for `systemd-journal-upload`, which is at `/etc/systemd/journal-upload.conf`. Open this file with a text editor:

现在，在`/etc/systemd/journal-upload.conf`编辑`systemd-journal-upload`的配置。 使用文本编辑器打开此文件：

*  sudo nano /etc/systemd/journal-upload.conf
    
    须藤纳米/etc/systemd/journal-upload.conf

Edit this file so that it looks like the following:

编辑此文件，使其看起来如下所示：

/etc/systemd/journal-upload.conf

[Upload]
    URL=https://server.your_domain:19532
    ServerKeyFile=/etc/letsencrypt/live/client.your_domain/privkey.pem
    ServerCertificateFile=/etc/letsencrypt/live/client.your_domain/fullchain.pem
    TrustedCertificateFile=/etc/letsencrypt/live/client.your_domain/letsencrypt-combined-certs.pem

Finally, restart the `systemd-journal-upload` service so it uses the new configuration:

最后，重新启动`systemd-journal-upload`服务，使其使用新配置：

*  sudo systemctl restart systemd-journal-upload.service
    
    sudo systemctl重新启动systemd-journal-upload.service

Your **client** is now set up and running and is sending its log messages to the log collection server. In the next step, you will check that the logs are being sent and recorded correctly.

您的**客户端**现在已设置并正在运行，并且正在将其日志消息发送到日志收集服务器。 在下一步中，您将检查是否正确发送和记录了日志。

## 第5步-测试客户端和服务器 **(**Step 5 — Testing the Client and Server**)** ##

In this step, you will test that the **client** is relaying log messages to the **server** and that the **server** is storing them correctly.

在此步骤中，您将测试**客户端**是否将日志消息中继到**服务器** ，以及**服务器**是否正确存储了它们。

The log collection server stores the logs from the clients in a directory at `/var/log/journal/remote/`. When you restarted the **client** at the end of the last step it began sending log messages so there is now a log file in `/var/log/journal/remote/`. The file will be named after the hostname you used for the TLS certificate.

日志收集服务器将来自客户端的日志存储在`/var/log/journal/remote/` 。 当您在最后一步的末尾重新启动**客户端**时，它开始发送日志消息，因此`/var/log/journal/remote/`现在有一个日志文件。 该文件将以您用于TLS证书的主机名命名。

Use the `ls` command to check that the **client’s** log file is present on the **server**:

使用`ls`命令检查**服务器**上是否存在**客户端的**日志文件：

Server

服务器

*  sudo ls -la /var/log/journal/remote/
    
    须藤ls -la / var / log / journal / remote /

This will print the directory contents showing the log file:

这将打印显示日志文件的目录内容：

Output total 16620
    drwxr-xr-x  2 systemd-journal-remote systemd-journal-remote     4096 Jun 30 16:17  .
    drwxr-sr-x+ 4 root                   systemd-journal            4096 Jun 30 15:55  ..
    -rw-r-----  1 systemd-journal-remote systemd-journal-remote 8388608 Jul  1 10:46 'remote-CN=client.your_domain'

Next, write a log message on the **client** to check that the **server** is receiving the **client’s** messages as you expect. You will use the [logger][] utility to create a custom log message on the **client**. If everything is working `systemd-journal-upload` will relay this message to the **server**.

接下来，在**客户端**上写一条日志消息，以检查**服务器**是否按预期接收了**客户端的**消息。 您将使用[logger][]实用程序在**客户端**上创建自定义日志消息。 如果一切正常，那么`systemd-journal-upload`会将此消息中继到**服务器** 。

On the **client** run the following `logger` command:

在**客户端上，**运行以下`logger`命令：

Client

客户

*  sudo logger -p syslog.debug "\#\#\# TEST MESSAGE from client.your\_domain \#\#\#"
    
    sudo logger -p syslog.debug“ \#\#\#来自client.your\_domain \#\#\#的测试消息”

The `-p syslog.debug` in this command sets the [facility and severity][] of the message. Setting this to `syslog.debug` will make clear it’s a test message. This command will record the message `### TEST MESSAGE from client.your_domain ###` to the client’s journal, which `systemd-journal-upload` then relays to the **server**.

此命令中的`-p syslog.debug`设置消息的[功能和严重性][facility and severity] 。 将此设置为`syslog.debug`可以清楚地表明这是一条测试消息。 该命令将记录`### TEST MESSAGE from client.your_domain ###`的消息`### TEST MESSAGE from client.your_domain ###`到客户端的日志，然后`systemd-journal-upload`中继该**消息**到**服务器** 。

Next, read the **client’s** journal file on the **server** to check that the log messages are arriving from the **client**. This file is a binary log file so you will not be able to read it with tools like `less`. Instead, read the file using `journalctl` with the `--file=` option that allows you to specify a custom journal file:

接下来，在**服务器**上阅读**客户端的**日记文件，以检查日志消息是否从**客户端**到达。 该文件是二进制日志文件，因此您将无法使用`less`工具读取该文件。 而是使用带有`--file=`选项的`journalctl`读取文件，该选项允许您指定自定义日记文件：

Server

服务器

*  sudo journalctl --file=/var/log/journal/remote/remote-CN=client.your\_domain.journal
    
    须藤journalctl --file = / var / log / journal / remote / remote-CN = client.your\_domain.journal

The log message will appear as follows:

日志消息将显示如下：

Test log message . . .
    Jun 29 13:10:09 client root[3576]: ### TEST MESSAGE from client.your_domain ###

Your log centralization server is now successfully collecting logs from your client system.

您的日志集中化服务器现在已成功从客户端系统收集日志。

## 结论 **(**Conclusion**)** ##

In this article, you set up a log central collection server and configured a client to relay a copy of its system logs to the server. You can configure as many clients as you need to relay messages to the log collection server using the client configuration steps you used here.

在本文中，您设置了一个日志中央收集服务器，并配置了一个客户端以将其系统日志的副本中继到该服务器。 您可以根据在此处使用的客户端配置步骤配置所需数量的客户端，以将消息中继到日志收集服务器。

> 翻译自: [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-centralize-logs-with-journald-on-ubuntu-20-04][https_www.digitalocean.com_community_tutorials_how-to-centralize-logs-with-journald-on-ubuntu-20-04]

[systemd]: https://systemd.io/
[Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu 20.04]: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/initial-server-setup-with-ubuntu-20-04
[Domains and DNS]: https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/networking/dns/
[systemd 1]: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/systemd-essentials-working-with-services-units-and-the-journal
[Let_s Encrypt]: https://letsencrypt.org/
[certbot]: https://certbot.eff.org/
[Certificate Authority]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority
[permissions]: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-linux-permissions
[logger]: https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/logger.1.html
[facility and severity]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syslog#Message_components
[https_www.digitalocean.com_community_tutorials_how-to-centralize-logs-with-journald-on-ubuntu-20-04]: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-centralize-logs-with-journald-on-ubuntu-20-04