PHP设计模式之建造者模式（Builder）代码实例大全（二）

小咪咪 2022-12-02 04:13 92阅读 0赞

## 目的 ##

建造者是创建一个复杂对象的一部分接口。

有时候，如果建造者对他所创建的东西拥有较好的知识储备，这个接口就可能成为一个有默认方法的抽象类（又称为适配器）。

如果对象有复杂的继承树，那么对于建造者来说，有一个复杂继承树也是符合逻辑的。

注意：建造者通常有一个「流式接口」，例如 PHPUnit 模拟生成器。

## 例子 ##

*  PHPUnit: 模拟生成器

## UML Diagram ##

![v2-f10d1b28582ad63f5db994147b77d29e_720w.jpg][]

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## 代码 ##

*  Director.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;
    
    use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;
    
    /**
     * Director 类是建造者模式的一部分。 它可以实现建造者模式的接口
     * 并在构建器的帮助下构建一个复杂的对象
     *
     * 您也可以注入许多构建器而不是构建更复杂的对象
     */
    class Director
    {
        public function build(BuilderInterface $builder): Vehicle
        {
            $builder->createVehicle();
            $builder->addDoors();
            $builder->addEngine();
            $builder->addWheel();
    
            return $builder->getVehicle();
        }
    }

*  BuilderInterface.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;
    
    use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;
    
    interface BuilderInterface
    {
        public function createVehicle();
    
        public function addWheel();
    
        public function addEngine();
    
        public function addDoors();
    
        public function getVehicle(): Vehicle;
    }

*  TruckBuilder.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;
    
    use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;
    
    class TruckBuilder implements BuilderInterface
    {
        /**
        * @var Parts\Truck
        */
        private $truck;
    
        public function addDoors()
        {
            $this->truck->setPart('rightDoor', new Parts\Door());
            $this->truck->setPart('leftDoor', new Parts\Door());
        }
    
        public function addEngine()
        {
            $this->truck->setPart('truckEngine', new Parts\Engine());
        }
    
        public function addWheel()
        {
            $this->truck->setPart('wheel1', new Parts\Wheel());
            $this->truck->setPart('wheel2', new Parts\Wheel());
            $this->truck->setPart('wheel3', new Parts\Wheel());
            $this->truck->setPart('wheel4', new Parts\Wheel());
            $this->truck->setPart('wheel5', new Parts\Wheel());
            $this->truck->setPart('wheel6', new Parts\Wheel());
        }
    
        public function createVehicle()
        {
            $this->truck = new Parts\Truck();
        }
    
        public function getVehicle(): Vehicle
        {
            return $this->truck;
        }
    }

*  CarBuilder.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder;
    
    use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Vehicle;
    
    class CarBuilder implements BuilderInterface
    {
        /**
        * @var Parts\Car
        */
        private $car;
    
        public function addDoors()
        {
            $this->car->setPart('rightDoor', new Parts\Door());
            $this->car->setPart('leftDoor', new Parts\Door());
            $this->car->setPart('trunkLid', new Parts\Door());
        }
    
        public function addEngine()
        {
            $this->car->setPart('engine', new Parts\Engine());
        }
    
        public function addWheel()
        {
            $this->car->setPart('wheelLF', new Parts\Wheel());
            $this->car->setPart('wheelRF', new Parts\Wheel());
            $this->car->setPart('wheelLR', new Parts\Wheel());
            $this->car->setPart('wheelRR', new Parts\Wheel());
        }
    
        public function createVehicle()
        {
            $this->car = new Parts\Car();
        }
    
        public function getVehicle(): Vehicle
        {
            return $this->car;
        }
    }

*  Parts/Vehicle.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;
    
    abstract class Vehicle
    {
        /**
        * @var object[]
        */
        private $data = [];
    
        /**
        * @param string $key
        * @param object $value
        */
        public function setPart($key, $value)
        {
            $this->data[$key] = $value;
        }
    }

*  Parts/Truck.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;
    
    class Truck extends Vehicle
    {
    }

*  Parts/Car.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;
    
    class Car extends Vehicle
    {
    }

*  Parts/Engine.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;
    
    class Engine
    {
    }

*  Parts/Wheel.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;
    
    class Wheel
    {
    }

*  Parts/Door.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts;
    
    class Door
    {
    }

## 测试 ##

*  Tests/DirectorTest.php

<?php
    
    namespace DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Tests;
    
    use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Car;
    use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Parts\Truck;
    use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\TruckBuilder;
    use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\CarBuilder;
    use DesignPatterns\Creational\Builder\Director;
    use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
    
    class DirectorTest extends TestCase
    {
        public function testCanBuildTruck()
        {
            $truckBuilder = new TruckBuilder();
            $newVehicle = (new Director())->build($truckBuilder);
    
            $this->assertInstanceOf(Truck::class, $newVehicle);
        }
    
        public function testCanBuildCar()
        {
            $carBuilder = new CarBuilder();
            $newVehicle = (new Director())->build($carBuilder);
    
            $this->assertInstanceOf(Car::class, $newVehicle);
        }
    }

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