Ansible (3) 角色编写和使用

冷不防 2022-12-04 01:09 94阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *   *  role 角色 介绍
         *  创建roles
         *  使用roles部署httpd负载均衡
         *  使用roles部署zabbix
         *   *  测试

### role 角色 介绍 ###

角色（roles）是ansible自1.2版本开始引入的新特性，用于层次性，结构化地组织playbook。roles能够根据层次型结构自动装载变量文件、tasks以及handlers等。要使用roles只需要在playbook中使用include指令即可。简单的说，roles就是通过分别将变量、文件、任务、模块及处理器放置于单独的目录中、并可以便捷地include他们的一种机制。角色一般用于基于主机构建服务的场景中、但也可以是用于构建守护进程等场景中。

### 创建roles ###

ansible-galaxy init xxx

创建后的目录：

roles/apache/
    ├── defaults
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── files
    ├── handlers
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── meta
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── README.md
    ├── tasks
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── templates
    │   └── httpd.conf.j2
    ├── tests
    │   ├── inventory
    │   └── test.yml
    └── vars
        └── main.yml

*  tasks : 用于存放role的主要任务，也可以添加其他task文件，供main.yaml调用，从而实现更加复杂的部署功能。
 *  handlers : 用于存放触发执行（ hanlders ）的任务。
 *  defaults : 用于存放默认变量，优先度最低。
 *  vars : 用于存放变量文件，role中任务和模版里用到的变量可以在这里定义。
 *  files ：用于存放需要拷贝到目的主机的文件，例如，作为copy模块src参数的默认根目录。
 *  template : 用于存放模版文件，格式为.j2，文件内容要符合Jinja2语法规则，通常使用template模块部署服务的配置文件。
 *  meta : 用于存放role依赖列表，这个知识点后面会详细阐述。
 *  tests : 用于存放测试role本身功能的playbook和主机定义文件，在开发测试阶段比较常用

### 使用roles部署httpd负载均衡 ###

[devops@server1 ansible]$ tree roles/
    roles/
    ├── apache
    │   ├── defaults
    │   │   └── main.yml
    │   ├── files
    │   ├── handlers
    │   │   └── main.yml
    │   ├── meta
    │   │   └── main.yml
    │   ├── README.md
    │   ├── tasks
    │   │   └── main.yml
    │   ├── templates
    │   │   └── httpd.conf.j2
    │   ├── tests
    │   │   ├── inventory
    │   │   └── test.yml
    │   └── vars
    │       └── main.yml
    ├── haproxy
    │   ├── defaults
    │   │   └── main.yml
    │   ├── files
    │   ├── handlers
    │   │   └── main.yml
    │   ├── meta
    │   │   └── main.yml
    │   ├── README.md
    │   ├── tasks
    │   │   └── main.yml
    │   ├── templates
    │   │   └── haproxy.cfg.j2
    │   ├── tests
    │   │   ├── inventory
    │   │   └── test.yml
    │   └── vars
    │       └── main.yml
    └── keepalived
        ├── defaults
        │   └── main.yml
        ├── files
        ├── handlers
        │   └── main.yml
        ├── meta
        │   └── main.yml
        ├── README.md
        ├── tasks
        │   └── main.yml
        ├── templates
        │   └── keepalived.conf.j2
        ├── tests
        │   ├── inventory
        │   └── test.yml
        └── vars
            └── main.yml

[devops@server1 roles]$ cat apache/tasks/main.yml 
    ---
    # tasks file for apache
    - name: install apache
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: present
    
    - name: write config file
      template:
        src: httpd.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
      notify:
      - restart apache
    
    - name: write index html
      copy:
        content: "{
        { ansible_facts['hostname'] }}\n"
        dest: /var/www/html/index.html
    
    - name: start apache
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: started
    
    - name: start firewalld
      service:
        name: firewalld
        state: started
        enabled: yes
    
    - name: open httpd port
      firewalld:
        port: "{
        { http_port }}/tcp"
        permanent: yes
        state: enabled
        immediate: yes 
    [devops@server1 roles]$ cat apache/handlers/main.yml 
    ---
    - name: restart firewalld
      service:
        name: firewalld
        state: restarted

在template下书写模板  
其他依次类推

[devops@server1 ansible]$ cat http_SLB.yml 
    ---
    - hosts: all
      roles:
        - {
         role: apache, when: "ansible_hostname in groups['webservers']" }
        - {
         role: haproxy, when: "ansible_hostname in groups['haproxy']" }
        - role: keepalived
          vars:
            STATE: MASTER
            VRI: 51
            PRI: 100
          when: ansible_hostname == "server4"
        
        - role: keepalived
          vars:
            STATE: BACKUP
            VRI: 51
            PRI: 50
          when: ansible_hostname == "server5"

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzQxNDAyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_ceter]

### 使用roles部署zabbix ###

*  hosts文件：  
    \[devops@server1 ansible\]$ cat hosts  
    \[webservers\]  
    server2  
    server3  
    \[haproxy\]  
    server4  
    server5  
    \[keepalived\]  
    server4  
    server5  
    \[zbx\_server\]  
    server2  
    \[zbx\_mysql\]  
    server3  
    \[zbx\_web\]  
    server4  
    \[zbx\_agent\]  
    server5
 *  主剧本：

[devops@server1 ansible]$ cat zabbix.yml 
    ---
    - name: deploy zabbix
      hosts: all
      vars_files: vars/zabbix_vars.yml
      roles:
        - {
         role: zabbix_mysql, when: "ansible_hostname in groups['zbx_mysql']" }
        - {
         role: zabbix_web, when: "ansible_hostname in groups['zbx_web']" }
        - {
         role: zabbix_agent, when: "ansible_hostname in groups['zbx_agent']" }
        - {
         role: zabbix_server, when: "ansible_hostname in groups['zbx_server']" }

*  1 建立4个角色

[devops@server1 roles]$ tree zabbix_server/
    zabbix_server/
    ├── defaults
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── files
    ├── handlers
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── meta
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── README.md
    ├── tasks
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── templates
    │   └── zabbix_server.conf.j2
    ├── tests
    │   ├── inventory
    │   └── test.yml
    └── vars
        └── main.yml
    
    8 directories, 9 files
    [devops@server1 roles]$ tree zabbix_mysql/ 
    zabbix_mysql/
    ├── defaults
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── files
    │   └── create.sql.gz
    ├── handlers
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── meta
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── README.md
    ├── tasks
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── templates
    ├── tests
    │   ├── inventory
    │   └── test.yml
    └── vars
        └── main.yml
    
    8 directories, 9 files
    [devops@server1 roles]$ tree zabbix_web/
    zabbix_web/
    ├── defaults
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── files
    ├── handlers
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── meta
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── README.md
    ├── tasks
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── templates
    │   └── zabbix.conf
    ├── tests
    │   ├── inventory
    │   └── test.yml
    └── vars
        └── main.yml
    
    8 directories, 9 files
    [devops@server1 roles]$ tree zabbix_agent/
    zabbix_agent/
    ├── defaults
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── files
    ├── handlers
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── meta
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── README.md
    ├── tasks
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── templates
    │   └── zabbix_agentd.conf.j2
    ├── tests
    │   ├── inventory
    │   └── test.yml
    └── vars
        └── main.yml
    
    8 directories, 9 files

*  2 编写zabbix\_mysql角色  
    tasks剧本：

[devops@server1 zabbix_mysql]$ cat tasks/main.yml 
    ---
    - name: install mariadb
      yum: 
        name: 
          - mariadb-server
          - MySQL-python
    
    - name: start mariadb
      service:
        name: mariadb
        state: started
        enabled: yes
    - name: create database zabbix
      mysql_db:
        login_user: root
        login_password: "{
        { LOGIN_PASSWD }}"
        name: "{
        { DBNAME }}"
        state: present
        encoding: utf8
        collation: utf8_bin
      notify: import zabbix data
    
    - name: create zabbix user
      mysql_user:
        login_user: root
        login_password: "{
        { LOGIN_PASSWD }}"
        name: "{
        { DBNAME }}"
        host: "%"
        password: "{
        { DBPASSWD }}"
        priv: "{
        { DBNAME }}.*:ALL"
        state: present
    
    - name: copy zabbix data
      copy: 
        src: files/create.sql.gz
        dest: /tmp/create.sql.gz

vars剧本：  
可以选择加密

[devops@server1 zabbix_mysql]$ cat vars/main.yml 
    ---
    # vars file for zabbix_mysqlvars/zabbix_vars.yml
    DBNAME: zabbix
    DBUSER: zabbix
    DBPASSWD: westos
    LOGIN_PASSWD: westos

handlers剧本：

[devops@server1 zabbix_mysql]$ cat handlers/main.yml 
    ---
    # handlers file for zabbix_mysql
    - name: import zabbix data
      mysql_db:
        login_user: "{
        { DBUSER }}"
        login_password: "{
        { DBPASSWD }}" 
        name: "{
        { DBNAME }}"
        state: import
        target: /tmp/create.sql.gz

在files下：

[devops@server1 zabbix_mysql]$ ls files/
    create.sql.gz

*  3 编写zabbix-server 角色  
    tasks剧本：

[devops@server1 zabbix_server]$ cat tasks/main.yml 
    ---
    - name: Add zabbix repo
      yum_repository:
        name: zabbix
        description: zabbix repo
        baseurl: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/
        gpgcheck: no
    
    - name: install zabbix-server
      yum:
        name: zabbix-server
        state: present
    
    - name: config zabbix-server
      template:
        src: templates/zabbix_server.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
      notify: restart zabbix_server

vars剧本：

[devops@server1 zabbix_server]$ cat defaults/main.yml 
    ---
    DBNAME: zabbix
    DBUSER: zabbix
    DBPASSWD: westos
    DBSERVER: serveer3

handlers剧本：

[devops@server1 zabbix_server]$ cat handlers/main.yml 
    ---
    - name: restart zabbix_server
      service:
        name: zabbix-server
        state: restarted

templates jinja2文件：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzQxNDAyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_cener]

*  4 编写zabbix-web 角色  
    tasks 剧本：

[devops@server1 zabbix_web]$ cat tasks/main.yml 
    ---
    - name: Add zabbix repo
      yum_repository:
        name: zabbix
        description: zabbix repo
        baseurl: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/
        gpgcheck: no
    
    #- name: update php repo
    #  yum_repository:
    #    name: webtatic
    #    description: webtatic
    #    baseurl: https://repo.webtatic.com/yum/el7/$basearch/
    #    gpgcheck: no
    
    - name: install zabbix-web and httpd
      yum:
       name: 
         - zabbix-web
         - zabbix-web-mysql
         - httpd
       state: present
    
    - name: config httpd
      template:
        src: zabbix.conf
        dest: /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf
      notify: restart httpd
    
    - name: start httpd
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: started

vars 剧本：

[devops@server1 zabbix_web]$ cat defaults/main.yml 
    ---
    TIME_ZONE: Asia/Shanghai

templates jinja2 文件：  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200905175157135.png_pic_cente]  
handlers 剧本：

[devops@server1 zabbix_web]$ cat handlers/main.yml 
    ---
    - name: restart httpd
      service:
        name: httpd
        state: restarted

*  5 编写zabbix-agent 角色  
    tasks 剧本：

[devops@server1 zabbix_agent]$ cat tasks/main.yml 
    ---
    - name: Add zabbix repo
      yum_repository:
        name: zabbix
        description: zabbix repo
        baseurl: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/
        gpgcheck: no
    
    - name: install zabbix  agent 
      yum:
        name: zabbix-agent
        state: present
    - name: config zabbix-agent
      template:
        src: zabbix_agentd.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf 
      notify: restart zabbix-agent

templates jinja2 文件：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzQxNDAyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_cente]

#### 测试 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzQxNDAyNQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_cener 1]

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[20200905175157135.png_pic_cente]: /images/20221123/e886d76db2e9420894d3d1f211f09036.png
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