[Linux From Scratch 作一个自己的Linux操作系统发行版本]一、环境准备

港控/mmm° 2022-12-05 12:10 96阅读 0赞

#  #

前言

1. 物理系统

2. VirtualBox

3. CentOS7.7

二、构建环境准备

1.挂载/mnt/lfs分区

2. 执行挂载指令

3. 设置$LFS环境变量

4. /mnt/lfs下创建系统目录

5. 下载资源到sources目录

执行下载

查看以下在的软件源码及补丁

总结

--------------------

# 前言 #

接触Linux操作系统快10年了，终于下定决心自己构建一个属于自己的Linux发行版本。

参考Linux From Scratch

--------------------

**一、基础环境准备**

## 1. 物理系统 ##

Fedora release 31 (Thirty One)

## 2. VirtualBox ##

在物理系统上安装VirtualBox，采用虚拟机内编译构建方案，防止误操作影响物理系统

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## 3. CentOS7.7 ##

在VirtualBox上安装CentOS7.7，注意虚拟硬盘挂载到物理系统固态硬盘上，为其分配8核8G

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4. 本地使用ssh连接到服务器，方便操作

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# 二、构建环境准备 #

## 1.挂载/mnt/lfs分区 ##

说明，当前是初次构建，且本地资源紧张，不按照原文作复杂的分区。

事先准备/dev/sda3，并采用ext4格式化

编辑/etc/fstab，追加内容

/dev/sda3	/mnt/lfs	ext4	defaults	0	0

## 2. 执行挂载指令 ##

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
    [root@localhost ~]# mount | grep lfs
    /dev/sda3 on /mnt/lfs type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)

## 3. 设置$LFS环境变量 ##

编辑/etc/profile， 追加

export LFS=/mnt/lfs

重启系统，确保每次进入终端均设置了$LFS环境变量

## 4. /mnt/lfs下创建系统目录 ##

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -v $LFS/usr
    mkdir: created directory ‘/mnt/lfs/usr’
    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -v $LFS/sources
    mkdir: created directory ‘/mnt/lfs/sources’
    [root@localhost ~]# chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources
    mode of ‘/mnt/lfs/sources’ changed from 0755 (rwxr-xr-x) to 1777 (rwxrwxrwt)
    
    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -v $LFS/tools
    mkdir: created directory ‘/mnt/lfs/tools’

## 5. 下载资源到sources目录 ##

准备wget-list，内容如下

http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/acl/acl-2.2.52.src.tar.gz
    http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/attr/attr-2.4.47.src.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.69.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake/automake-1.15.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.4.tar.gz
    http://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/bc/bc-1.06.95.tar.bz2
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.27.tar.bz2
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-3.0.4.tar.xz
    http://www.bzip.org/1.0.6/bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
    https://github.com/libcheck/check/releases/download/0.11.0/check-0.11.0.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/coreutils-8.26.tar.xz
    http://dbus.freedesktop.org/releases/dbus/dbus-1.10.14.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/dejagnu/dejagnu-1.6.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/diffutils-3.5.tar.xz
    http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs/v1.43.4/e2fsprogs-1.43.4.tar.gz
    http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/expat/expat-2.2.0.tar.bz2
    http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/expect/expect5.45.tar.gz
    ftp://ftp.astron.com/pub/file/file-5.30.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/findutils/findutils-4.6.0.tar.gz
    https://github.com/westes/flex/releases/download/v2.6.3/flex-2.6.3.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-4.1.4.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-6.3.0/gcc-6.3.0.tar.bz2
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdbm/gdbm-1.12.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.19.8.1.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.25.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-6.1.2.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gperf/gperf-3.0.4.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grep/grep-3.0.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/groff/groff-1.22.3.tar.gz
    http://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-2.02~beta3.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gzip/gzip-1.8.tar.xz
    http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/iana-etc-2.30.tar.bz2
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/inetutils/inetutils-1.9.4.tar.xz
    http://launchpad.net/intltool/trunk/0.51.0/+download/intltool-0.51.0.tar.gz
    https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/iproute2-4.9.0.tar.xz
    https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kbd/kbd-2.0.4.tar.xz
    https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod-23.tar.xz
    http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less/less-481.tar.gz
    https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs/libcap2/libcap-2.25.tar.xz
    http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/libpipeline/libpipeline-1.4.1.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libtool/libtool-2.4.6.tar.xz
    https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.9.9.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.18.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.2.1.tar.bz2
    http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/man-db/man-db-2.7.6.1.tar.xz
    https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/man-pages/man-pages-4.09.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpc/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
    http://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-3.1.5/mpfr-3.1.5.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu//ncurses/ncurses-6.0.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/patch/patch-2.7.5.tar.xz
    http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/perl-5.24.1.tar.bz2
    https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases/pkg-config-0.29.1.tar.gz
    http://sourceforge.net/projects/procps-ng/files/Production/procps-ng-3.3.12.tar.xz
    http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/psmisc/psmisc/psmisc-22.21.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/readline/readline-7.0.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/sed/sed-4.4.tar.xz
    https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow/releases/download/4.4/shadow-4.4.tar.xz
    http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/sources/other/systemd/systemd-232.tar.xz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/tar-1.29.tar.xz
    http://sourceforge.net/projects/tcl/files/Tcl/8.6.6/tcl-core8.6.6-src.tar.gz
    http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-6.3.tar.xz
    http://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/releases/tzdata2016j.tar.gz
    https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/v2.29/util-linux-2.29.1.tar.xz
    ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/unix/vim-8.0.069.tar.bz2
    http://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/T/TO/TODDR/XML-Parser-2.44.tar.gz
    http://tukaani.org/xz/xz-5.2.3.tar.xz
    http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.xz
    http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/bash-4.4-upstream_fixes-1.patch
    http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/bc-1.06.95-memory_leak-1.patch
    http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/bzip2-1.0.6-install_docs-1.patch
    http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/coreutils-8.26-i18n-1.patch
    http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/glibc-2.25-fhs-1.patch
    http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/kbd-2.0.4-backspace-1.patch

## 6. 执行下载 ##

[root@localhost ~]# wget --input-file=wget-list --continue --directory-prefix=$LFS/sources

## 7. 查看以下在的软件源码及补丁 ##

[root@localhost ~]# ls $LFS/sources 
    acl-2.2.52.src.tar.gz             expat-2.2.0.tar.bz2      inetutils-1.9.4.tar.xz       perl-5.24.1.tar.bz2
    attr-2.4.47.src.tar.gz            expect5.45.tar.gz        intltool-0.51.0.tar.gz       pkg-config-0.29.1.tar.gz
    autoconf-2.69.tar.xz              file-5.30.tar.gz         iproute2-4.9.0.tar.xz        procps-ng-3.3.12.tar.xz
    automake-1.15.tar.xz              findutils-4.6.0.tar.gz   kbd-2.0.4-backspace-1.patch  psmisc-22.21.tar.gz
    bash-4.4.tar.gz                   flex-2.6.3.tar.gz        kbd-2.0.4.tar.xz             readline-7.0.tar.gz
    bash-4.4-upstream_fixes-1.patch   gawk-4.1.4.tar.xz        kmod-23.tar.xz               sed-4.4.tar.xz
    bc-1.06.95-memory_leak-1.patch    gcc-6.3.0.tar.bz2        less-481.tar.gz              shadow-4.4.tar.xz
    bc-1.06.95.tar.bz2                gdbm-1.12.tar.gz         libcap-2.25.tar.xz           systemd-232.tar.xz
    binutils-2.27.tar.bz2             gettext-0.19.8.1.tar.xz  libpipeline-1.4.1.tar.gz     tar-1.29.tar.xz
    bison-3.0.4.tar.xz                glibc-2.25-fhs-1.patch   libtool-2.4.6.tar.xz         tcl-core8.6.6-src.tar.gz
    bzip2-1.0.6-install_docs-1.patch  glibc-2.25.tar.xz        linux-4.9.9.tar.xz           texinfo-6.3.tar.xz
    bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz                gmp-6.1.2.tar.xz         m4-1.4.18.tar.xz             tzdata2016j.tar.gz
    check-0.11.0.tar.gz               gperf-3.0.4.tar.gz       make-4.2.1.tar.bz2           util-linux-2.29.1.tar.xz
    coreutils-8.26-i18n-1.patch       grep-3.0.tar.xz          man-db-2.7.6.1.tar.xz        vim-8.0.069.tar.bz2
    coreutils-8.26.tar.xz             groff-1.22.3.tar.gz      mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz             XML-Parser-2.44.tar.gz
    dbus-1.10.14.tar.gz               grub-2.02~beta3.tar.xz   mpfr-3.1.5.tar.xz            xz-5.2.3.tar.xz
    dejagnu-1.6.tar.gz                gzip-1.8.tar.xz          ncurses-6.0.tar.gz           zlib-1.2.11.tar.xz
    diffutils-3.5.tar.xz              iana-etc-2.30.tar.bz2    patch-2.7.5.tar.xz

# 8. 创建tools目录软链接 #

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv $LFS/tools /
    ‘/tools’ -> ‘/mnt/lfs/tools’

## 9. 创建LFS用户 ##

创建用户

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd lfs
    [root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs

配置权限

[root@localhost ~]# chown -v lfs $LFS/tools
    changed ownership of ‘/mnt/lfs/tools’ from root to lfs
    [root@localhost ~]# chown -v lfs $LFS/sources
    changed ownership of ‘/mnt/lfs/sources’ from root to lfs

## 10. 切换到lfs用户 ##

[root@localhost ~]# su lfs
    bash-4.2$ whoami 
    lfs

# 11. 配置环境变量 #

bash-4.2$ cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
    > exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash
    > EOF

bash-4.2$ cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
    > set +h
    > umask 022
    > LFS=/mnt/lfs
    > LC_ALL=POSIX
    > LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu
    > PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
    > export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH
    > EOF

加载环境变量

bash-4.2$ source ~/.bash_profile
    lfs:/root$

## 12.安装构建工具及依赖 ##

yum install byacc gcc bzip2 bash bison coreutils diffutils findutils gawk gcc glibc grep glibc-headers gcc-c++  gzip kernel

# 总结 #

本文完成编译前的各项准备。

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