day02---DRF视图---APIView

迷南。 2022-12-08 15:46 156阅读 0赞

## 一：DRF基本视图继承关系简图： ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

## 二：APIView的使用 ##

### 1：定义两个序列化器： ###

from rest_framework import serializers
    from .models import *
    
    class BookInfoModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = BookInfo
            fields = "__all__"
    
    
    class HeroInfoModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model  = HeroInfo
            fields= "__all__"

### 2：了解5大逻辑： ###

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>新建单一视图</th> 
   <th>反序列化新建单一模型类对象</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>更新单一资源</td> 
   <td>反序列化更新单一模型类对象</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>删除单一资源</td> 
   <td>反序列化删除单一模型类对象</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>获取列表资源</td> 
   <td>序列化返回多个模型类对象</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>获取单一资源</td> 
   <td>序列化返回单一模型类对象</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### 3：使用APIview 获取资源： ###

3.1：获取列表资源：

from rest_framework.response import Response
    from rest_framework import status
    from rest_framework.views import APIView
    from books.models import BookInfo
    from books.serializers import BookInfoModelSerializers
    
    # 1:继承于APIView
    class BookView(APIView):
    
        def get(self, request):
            # 2：获取数据
            books = BookInfo.objects.all()
            # 3: 列表进行序列化,serializers.data得到的就是列表套字典的格式
            bs = BookInfoModelSerializers(instance=books, many=True)
            # 4：构造响应返回
            return Response(
                data=bs.data,
                status=status.HTTP_200_OK,
                headers={
        "server-version": "v1.0"},
                content_type= "application/json",
            )

3.2：新建单一资源：

def post(self, request):
    
            bs = BookInfoModelSerializers(data=request.data)
    
            if not bs.is_valid():
                return Response(
                    data={
        "errmsg": "信息填写错误"},
                    status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
                )
            bs.save()
            return Response(
                data=bs.data,
                status=status.HTTP_200_OK,
                headers={
        "server-version": "v1.0"},
                content_type="application/json",
            )

测试：json  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]  
使用表单测试：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]  
结论：request.data⽤于提取请求体参数；会⾃动更具请求头Content\_Type指定的json格式或表单格式，⾃动提取并转化成字典封装在request.data属性中。

3.3:获取列表资源：

class BookView(APIView):
    
        def get(self, request):
    
            key_word = request.query_params.get("keyword")
    
            if key_word:
                books = BookInfo.objects.filter(btitle__contains=key_word)
            else:
                # 2：获取数据
                books = BookInfo.objects.all()
    
            # 3: 列表进行反序列化,serializers.data得到的就是列表套字典的格式
            bs = BookInfoModelSerializers(instance=books, many=True)
            # 4：构造响应返回
            return Response(
                data=bs.data,
                status=status.HTTP_200_OK,
                headers={
        "server-version": "v1.0"},
                content_type= "application/json",
            )

测试：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]  
如果传入多个值，那么会出现怎么样的效果？？  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]  
结论：request.query\_params⽤于提取请求的查询字符串参数；类型是⼀个多值字典QueryDict。  
request.query\_params.get(“keyword”): 提取最后⼀个。

问题：如果想要得到所有的怎么做？  
使用getlist

key_word = request.query_params.getlist("keyword")

使用列表必须传入的完全相同才能查到。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]  
如何查询到包含牛和传的所有查询集呢？![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]

### 4：序列化获取单一资源： ###

class BookView(APIView):
        # 序列化获取单一资源
        def get(self, request, pk):
            try:
                book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
            except Exception as e:
                return Response(data="没有当前id的书")
            bs = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=book)
    
            return Response(data=bs.data)

测试：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]

### 5：反序列化更新单一资源—全校验 ###

# 反序列化更新单一模型类对象
        def put(self, request, pk):
            try:
                book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
            except Exception as e:
                return Response(data="数据库中没有数据")
            sz = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
            if not sz.is_valid():
                return Response(data="校验失败")
            sz.save()
    
            return Response(data=sz.data)

测试：必传的必须传。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 11]

### 6： 反序列化更新单一资源----部分更新 ###

def patch (self, request, pk):
            try:
                book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
            except Exception as e:
                return Response(data="数据库中没有数据")
            sz = BookInfoModelSerializer(instance=book, data=request.data, partial=True)
            if not sz.is_valid():
                return Response(data="校验失败")
            sz.save()
            return Response(data=sz.data)

测试：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQxMzQxNzU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 12]

### 7： 反序列化删除单一资源： ###

def delete(self, request, pk):
            try:
                book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=pk)
            except Exception as e:
                return Response(data="你要删除的数据不存在")
            book.delete()
            return Response(data="删除成功")

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