Nginx安装&环境配置

ゞ浴缸里的玫瑰 2022-12-09 01:53 180阅读 0赞

## 安装依赖包 ##

安装make：yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make

安装g++：yum -y install gcc gcc-c++

安装pcre和pcre-devel：yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

安装zlib zlib提供了很多压缩和解方式，[nginx][]需要zlib对http进行gzip：yum install -y zlib zlib-devel

( 报错的话可以这样yum install -y zlib zlib-devel --setopt=protected\_multilib=false )

安装[openssl][] openssl是一个安全套接字层密码库，nginx要支持https，需要使用openssl：yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

## 安装Nginx ##

下载nginx：wget [http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz][http_nginx.org_download_nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz]

解压nginx：tar -xzvf [nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz][http_nginx.org_download_nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz]

[tar命令详解][tar]

进入nginx目录下：cd nginx-1.17.6/

安装Nginx：

./configure --with-http\_stub\_status\_module --with-http\_ssl\_module --with-http\_v2\_module

make && make install

查看nginx的安装目录： whereis nginx（一般是在/usr/local/nginx）

## 环境变量配置 ##

打开系统环境变量设置：vim /etc/profile

输入红色字体部分：

NGINX\_HOME=/usr/local/nginx

export PATH=$\{NGINX\_HOME\}/sbin:$\{PATH\}

使设置生效： source /etc/profile

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

nginx -V

查看已存在的模块，返回以下：

nginx version: nginx/1.17.6  
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC)  
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017  
TLS SNI support enabled  
configure arguments: --with-http\_stub\_status\_module --with-http\_ssl\_module --with-http\_v2\_module

## 配置nginx.conf ##

nginx的配置目录：/usr/local/nginx/conf/

启动nginx：nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

查看并编辑nginx.conf：

vim nginx.conf

listen：监听端口改为8089（或其他，80端口需要备案）

server\_name：站点域名（默认本机ip，可以改为自定义域名如：www.test.com)

root：站点根目录（html--》/usr/local/nginx/html)

保存更改：“：wq”

![547ef31d8d13e9a941fdadeba05fce2c.png][]

重启nginx使生效：nginx -s reload

检查是否重启成功：ps aux | grep nginx

重启不成功：“kill -9  进程id ”或者“ nginx -s stop ”

![4921c3ce0adfedcb78dda645e7e99d40.png][]

需要kill两个进程，否则端口被占用无法启动成功

![fa20e3fd405e804252a79a073cb3fdd0.png][]

浏览器访问：

![cc5988c2674365a1964c9f08600ef7a0.png][]

在Nginx上配置多个站点

1、在nginx.conf 目录下创建文件夹：mkdir conf.d

2、拷贝当前nginx.conf到新文件夹目录下：cp nginx.conf conf.d/site1.conf

3、编辑site1.conf:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 </td> 
 <td> <code>server { </code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>listen&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>8081</code><code>;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>server_name&nbsp; www.site1.com;</code> &nbsp; <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>location / { </code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>root&nbsp;&nbsp; html;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>index&nbsp; index.html index.htm;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>}</code> &nbsp; <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>location /error/ { </code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>alias&nbsp; /sylvia/ErrorPages/;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>}</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code>&nbsp; <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>location /ErrorPages/ { </code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>alias /sylvia/ErrorPages/;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>internal;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>}</code> &nbsp; <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>error_page&nbsp;</code><code>400</code>&nbsp;<code>/ErrorPages/HTTP400.html;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>error_page&nbsp;</code><code>401</code>&nbsp;<code>/ErrorPages/HTTP401.html;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>error_page&nbsp;</code><code>402</code>&nbsp;<code>/ErrorPages/HTTP402.html;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>error_page&nbsp;</code><code>403</code>&nbsp;<code>/ErrorPages/HTTP403.html;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>error_page&nbsp;</code><code>404</code>&nbsp;<code>/ErrorPages/HTTP404.html;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>error_page&nbsp;</code><code>500</code>&nbsp;<code>/ErrorPages/HTTP500.html;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>error_page&nbsp;</code><code>501</code>&nbsp;<code>/ErrorPages/HTTP501.html;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>error_page&nbsp;</code><code>502</code>&nbsp;<code>/ErrorPages/HTTP502.html;</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>error_page&nbsp;</code><code>503</code>&nbsp;<code>/ErrorPages/HTTP503.html;</code> &nbsp; <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>}</code> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

引入alias，创建虚拟目录。（参考：[https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6187482.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_kevingrace_p_6187482.html]）

4、编辑根配置nginx.conf

在http\{\}里面最后一行添加：include conf.d/\*.conf;

![f7d17f40a0785275b574e02a2832b751.png][]

5、重启nginx

浏览器访问：域名+端口+path

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

# nginx 502错误解决方案 #

如下图：

![70][]

以下是我的做法，供参考：

1.首先，把后端代码恢复到上一次没报错之前的版本，因为nginx报错不一定绝对是nginx的问题，先把系统恢复成可以运行的状态，这是控制变量法呀。

2.重新加载nginx的配置文件

nginx -c /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

如果你不能全局运行nginx命令，请加上nginx的路径。-c后面的参数为nginx配置文件所在路径这是要求nginx重新添加配置文件地址。

nginx -s reload

重新加载文件

3.重新运行，可以看到会出现如下错误：

1.  `nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)`
2.  `nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)`
3.  `nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)`
4.  `nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)`
5.  `nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)`
6.  `nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()`

可以看到，是进程端口被占用了，可以看系统是否已有nginx在运行。

运行命令：ps -aux | grep nginx

![70 1][]

然后对照，发现第一个和第二个的pid分别为130616,130635，kill掉即可。

kill 130616

kill 130635

问题解决，再次运行nginx，一切正常

[nginx]: https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=nginx&tn=24004469_oem_dg&rsv_dl=gh_pl_sl_csd
[openssl]: https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=openssl&tn=24004469_oem_dg&rsv_dl=gh_pl_sl_csd
[http_nginx.org_download_nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz]: http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.6.tar.gz
[tar]: https://blog.csdn.net/andson_csdn/article/details/80863675
[547ef31d8d13e9a941fdadeba05fce2c.png]: /images/20221123/cb91ac0d7ef84f40a712b523e1966829.png
[4921c3ce0adfedcb78dda645e7e99d40.png]: /images/20221123/0ab98ecdb05243aaa2e7b8901e07468b.png
[fa20e3fd405e804252a79a073cb3fdd0.png]: /images/20221123/381b44db95ea4fcf8bda62f8362a00f4.png
[cc5988c2674365a1964c9f08600ef7a0.png]: /images/20221123/940133cbc4f84fd2b1d8522ebdc2547a.png
[https_www.cnblogs.com_kevingrace_p_6187482.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/6187482.html
[f7d17f40a0785275b574e02a2832b751.png]: /images/20221123/61c3bdf77117421ab59ae9151e5718b8.png
[70]: /images/20221123/2beb2fc4502a45779f995a9e9622eb69.png
[70 1]: /images/20221123/ed0d491a87e04ccfb7adcb96380b034e.png