Kubernetes K8S之kubectl命令详解及常用示例

小鱼儿 2022-12-09 03:11 495阅读 0赞

> Kubernetes kubectl命令详解与常用示例，基于k8s v1.17.4版本

# kubectl常用示例 #

## 查看类命令 ##

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 # 获取节点和服务版本信息
     2 kubectl get nodes
     3 # 获取节点和服务版本信息，并查看附加信息
     4 kubectl get nodes -o wide
     5 
     6 # 获取pod信息，默认是default名称空间
     7 kubectl get pod
     8 # 获取pod信息，默认是default名称空间，并查看附加信息【如：pod的IP及在哪个节点运行】
     9 kubectl get pod -o wide
    10 # 获取指定名称空间的pod
    11 kubectl get pod -n kube-system
    12 # 获取指定名称空间中的指定pod
    13 kubectl get pod -n kube-system podName
    14 # 获取所有名称空间的pod
    15 kubectl get pod -A 
    16 # 查看pod的详细信息，以yaml格式或json格式显示
    17 kubectl get pods -o yaml
    18 kubectl get pods -o json
    19 
    20 # 查看pod的标签信息
    21 kubectl get pod -A --show-labels 
    22 # 根据Selector（label query）来查询pod
    23 kubectl get pod -A --selector="k8s-app=kube-dns"
    24 
    25 # 查看运行pod的环境变量
    26 kubectl exec podName env
    27 # 查看指定pod的日志
    28 kubectl logs -f --tail 500 -n kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master
    29 
    30 # 查看所有名称空间的service信息
    31 kubectl get svc -A
    32 # 查看指定名称空间的service信息
    33 kubectl get svc -n kube-system
    34 
    35 # 查看componentstatuses信息
    36 kubectl get cs
    37 # 查看所有configmaps信息
    38 kubectl get cm -A
    39 # 查看所有serviceaccounts信息
    40 kubectl get sa -A
    41 # 查看所有daemonsets信息
    42 kubectl get ds -A
    43 # 查看所有deployments信息
    44 kubectl get deploy -A
    45 # 查看所有replicasets信息
    46 kubectl get rs -A
    47 # 查看所有statefulsets信息
    48 kubectl get sts -A
    49 # 查看所有jobs信息
    50 kubectl get jobs -A
    51 # 查看所有ingresses信息
    52 kubectl get ing -A
    53 # 查看有哪些名称空间
    54 kubectl get ns
    55 
    56 # 查看pod的描述信息
    57 kubectl describe pod podName
    58 kubectl describe pod -n kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-master  
    59 # 查看指定名称空间中指定deploy的描述信息
    60 kubectl describe deploy -n kube-system coredns
    61 
    62 # 查看node或pod的资源使用情况
    63 # 需要heapster 或metrics-server支持
    64 kubectl top node
    65 kubectl top pod 
    66 
    67 # 查看集群信息
    68 kubectl cluster-info   或  kubectl cluster-info dump
    69 # 查看各组件信息【172.16.1.110为master机器】
    70 kubectl -s https://172.16.1.110:6443 get componentstatuses

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

## 操作类命令 ##

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 # 创建资源
     2 kubectl create -f xxx.yaml
     3 # 应用资源
     4 kubectl apply -f xxx.yaml
     5 # 应用资源，该目录下的所有 .yaml, .yml, 或 .json 文件都会被使用
     6 kubectl apply -f <directory>
     7 # 创建test名称空间
     8 kubectl create namespace test
     9 
    10 # 删除资源
    11 kubectl delete -f xxx.yaml
    12 kubectl delete -f <directory>
    13 # 删除指定的pod
    14 kubectl delete pod podName
    15 # 删除指定名称空间的指定pod
    16 kubectl delete pod -n test podName
    17 # 删除其他资源
    18 kubectl delete svc svcName
    19 kubectl delete deploy deployName
    20 kubectl delete ns nsName
    21 # 强制删除
    22 kubectl delete pod podName -n nsName --grace-period=0 --force
    23 kubectl delete pod podName -n nsName --grace-period=1
    24 kubectl delete pod podName -n nsName --now
    25 
    26 # 编辑资源
    27 kubectl edit pod podName

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

## 进阶命令操作 ##

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 # kubectl exec：进入pod启动的容器
     2 kubectl exec -it podName -n nsName /bin/sh    #进入容器
     3 kubectl exec -it podName -n nsName /bin/bash  #进入容器
     4 
     5 # kubectl label：添加label值
     6 kubectl label nodes k8s-node01 zone=north  #为指定节点添加标签 
     7 kubectl label nodes k8s-node01 zone-       #为指定节点删除标签
     8 kubectl label pod podName -n nsName role-name=test    #为指定pod添加标签
     9 kubectl label pod podName -n nsName role-name=dev --overwrite  #修改lable标签值
    10 kubectl label pod podName -n nsName role-name-        #删除lable标签
    11 
    12 # kubectl滚动升级； 通过 kubectl apply -f myapp-deployment-v1.yaml 启动deploy
    13 kubectl apply -f myapp-deployment-v2.yaml     #通过配置文件滚动升级
    14 kubectl set image deploy/myapp-deployment myapp="registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v3"   #通过命令滚动升级
    15 kubectl rollout undo deploy/myapp-deployment 或者 kubectl rollout undo deploy myapp-deployment    #pod回滚到前一个版本
    16 kubectl rollout undo deploy/myapp-deployment --to-revision=2  #回滚到指定历史版本
    17 
    18 # kubectl scale：动态伸缩
    19 kubectl scale deploy myapp-deployment --replicas=5  # 动态伸缩
    20 kubectl scale --replicas=8 -f myapp-deployment-v2.yaml  #动态伸缩【根据资源类型和名称伸缩，其他配置「如：镜像版本不同」不生效】

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

上面滚动更新和动态伸缩涉及的deploy的yaml文件

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 [root@k8s-master deploy]# cat myapp-deployment-v1.yaml 
     2 apiVersion: apps/v1
     3 kind: Deployment
     4 metadata:
     5   name: myapp-deployment
     6   labels:
     7     app: myapp
     8 spec:
     9   replicas: 10
    10   # 重点关注该字段
    11   selector:
    12     matchLabels:
    13       app: myapp
    14   template:
    15     metadata:
    16       labels:
    17         app: myapp
    18     spec:
    19       containers:
    20       - name: myapp
    21         image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1
    22         ports:
    23         - containerPort: 80
    24 
    25 [root@k8s-master deploy]# 
    26 [root@k8s-master deploy]# cat myapp-deployment-v2.yaml 
    27 apiVersion: apps/v1
    28 kind: Deployment
    29 metadata:
    30   name: myapp-deployment
    31   labels:
    32     app: myapp
    33 spec:
    34   replicas: 10
    35   # 重点关注该字段
    36   selector:
    37     matchLabels:
    38       app: myapp
    39   template:
    40     metadata:
    41       labels:
    42         app: myapp
    43     spec:
    44       containers:
    45       - name: myapp
    46         image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v2
    47         ports:
    48         - containerPort: 80

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

# kubectl语法 #

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <p>1</p> </td> 
   <td> <p><code>kubectl [</code><code>command</code><code>] [TYPE] [NAME] [flags]</code></p> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

官网地址：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/ 
    kubectl flags：https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/kubectl/

**说明：**

1、command：指定在一个或多个资源上要执行的操作。例如：create、get、describe、delete、apply等

2、TYPE：指定资源类型(如：pod、node、services、deployments等)。资源类型大小写敏感，可以指定单数、复数或缩写形式。例如，以下命令生成相同的输出：

1 kubectl get pod  -n kubernetes-dashboard
    2 kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard
    3 kubectl get po   -n kubernetes-dashboard

3、NAME：指定资源的名称。名称大小写敏感。如果省略名称空间，则显示默认名称空间资源的详细信息或者提示：No resources found in default namespace.。

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 # 示例：
     2 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods
     3 No resources found in default namespace.
     4 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces  # 或者 kubectl get pods --A
     5 NAMESPACE              NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
     6 kube-system            coredns-6955765f44-c9zfh                     1/1     Running   8          6d7h
     7 kube-system            coredns-6955765f44-lrz5q                     1/1     Running   8          6d7h
     8 kube-system            etcd-k8s-master                              1/1     Running   9          6d7h
     9 kube-system            kube-apiserver-k8s-master                    1/1     Running   9          6d7h
    10 kube-system            kube-controller-manager-k8s-master           1/1     Running   8          6d7h
    11 kube-system            kube-flannel-ds-amd64-dngrk                  1/1     Running   13         6d7h
    12 kube-system            kube-flannel-ds-amd64-h4sn6                  1/1     Running   13         6d6h
    13 kube-system            kube-flannel-ds-amd64-m92wp                  1/1     Running   11         6d6h
    14 kube-system            kube-proxy-28dwj                             1/1     Running   9          6d6h
    15 kube-system            kube-proxy-c875m                             1/1     Running   8          6d7h
    16 kube-system            kube-proxy-stg6w                             1/1     Running   10         6d6h
    17 kube-system            kube-scheduler-k8s-master                    1/1     Running   9          6d7h
    18 kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b8b58dc8b-nr5fz   1/1     Running   7          6d1h
    19 kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard-755dcb9575-9kg7p        1/1     Running   9          6d1h
    20 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get service --all-namespaces  # 或者 kubectl get service -A
    21 NAMESPACE              NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
    22 default                kubernetes                  ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP                  6d7h
    23 kube-system            kube-dns                    ClusterIP   10.96.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   6d7h
    24 kubernetes-dashboard   dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.104.12.221   <none>        8000/TCP                 6d1h
    25 kubernetes-dashboard   kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.110.157.29   <none>        443:30001/TCP            6d1h

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

3、flags：指定可选的标记。例如，可以使用 -s 或 --server标识来指定Kubernetes API服务器的地址和端口；-n指定名称空间；等等。

注意：你从命令行指定的flags将覆盖默认值和任何相应的环境变量。优先级最高。

4、在多个资源上执行操作时，可以通过类型 \[TYPE\] 和名称 \[NAME\] 指定每个资源，也可以指定一个或多个文件。

**按类型和名称指定资源：**

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 # 查看一个资源类型中的多个资源
     2 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system coredns-6955765f44-c9zfh kube-proxy-28dwj
     3 NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
     4 coredns-6955765f44-c9zfh   1/1     Running   8          6d7h
     5 kube-proxy-28dwj           1/1     Running   9          6d6h
     6 [root@k8s-master ~]# 
     7 # 查看多个资源类型
     8 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get svc,node
     9 NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
    10 service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   45h
    11 
    12 NAME              STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
    13 node/k8s-master   Ready    master   45h   v1.17.4
    14 node/k8s-node01   Ready    <none>   45h   v1.17.4
    15 node/k8s-node02   Ready    <none>   45h   v1.17.4

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

**使用一个或多个文件指定资源：-f file1 -f file2 -f file<\#>**

1 # 使用YAML而不是JSON，因为YAML更容易使用，特别是对于配置文件。
    2 kubectl get pod -f pod.yaml

# kubectl语法中的command操作 #

下表包括常见kubectl操作的简短描述和通用语法：

也可在命令行可通过kubectl -h 命令获取部分信息  
或者通过以下地址查看更多详情：

1 https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands
    2 https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/#operations

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Operation</th> 
   <th>Syntax</th> 
   <th>Description</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>create</td> 
   <td>kubectl create -f FILENAME [flags]</td> 
   <td>从文件或标准输入创建一个或多个资源★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>expose</td> 
   <td>kubectl expose (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>run</td> 
   <td>kubectl run NAME –image=image [–env=”key=value”] [–port=port] [–replicas=replicas] [–dry-run=bool] [–overrides=inline-json] [flags]</td> 
   <td>在集群上运行指定的镜像★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>explain</td> 
   <td>kubectl explain [–recursive=false] [flags]</td> 
   <td>获取各种资源的文档。例如pods、nodes、services等。★★★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>get</td> 
   <td>kubectl get (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE [NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>edit</td> 
   <td>kubectl edit (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>delete</td> 
   <td>kubectl delete (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE [NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rollout</td> 
   <td>kubectl rollout SUBCOMMAND [options]</td> 
   <td>对资源进行管理。有效的资源类型包括：deployments，daemonsets 和statefulsets</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>scale</td> 
   <td>kubectl scale (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>autoscale</td> 
   <td>kubectl autoscale (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cluster-info</td> 
   <td>kubectl cluster-info [flags]</td> 
   <td>显示集群信息，显示关于集群中的主机和服务的端点信息。★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>top</td> 
   <td>kubectl top node、kubectl top pod 需要heapster 或metrics-server支持</td> 
   <td>显示资源(CPU/内存/存储)使用情况★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cordon</td> 
   <td>kubectl cordon NODE [options]</td> 
   <td>将node标记为不可调度</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>uncordon</td> 
   <td>kubectl uncordon NODE [options]</td> 
   <td>将node标记为可调度</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>drain</td> 
   <td>kubectl drain NODE [options]</td> 
   <td>排除指定node节点，为维护做准备</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>taint</td> 
   <td>kubectl taint NODE NAME KEY_1=VAL_1:TAINT_EFFECT_1 … KEY_N=VAL_N:TAINT_EFFECT_N [options]</td> 
   <td>更新一个或多个节点上的污点★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>describe</td> 
   <td>kubectl describe (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE [NAME_PREFIX</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>logs</td> 
   <td>kubectl logs POD [-c CONTAINER] [–follow] [flags]</td> 
   <td>打印pod中一个容器的日志★★★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>exec</td> 
   <td>kubectl exec POD [-c CONTAINER] [-i] [-t] [flags] [– COMMAND [args…]]</td> 
   <td>对pod中的容器执行命令或进入Pod容器★★★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>proxy</td> 
   <td>kubectl proxy [–port=PORT] [–www=static-dir] [–www-prefix=prefix] [–api-prefix=prefix] [flags]</td> 
   <td>运行Kubernetes API服务的代理</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cp</td> 
   <td>kubectl cp&nbsp;[options]</td> 
   <td>从宿主机复制文件和目录到一个容器；或则从容器中复制文件和目录到宿主机★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>auth</td> 
   <td>kubectl auth [flags] [options]</td> 
   <td>检查授权</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apply</td> 
   <td>kubectl apply -f FILENAME [flags]</td> 
   <td>通过文件名中的内容或stdin将配置应用于资源★★★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>patch</td> 
   <td>kubectl patch (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>replace</td> 
   <td>kubectl replace -f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>通过文件或stdin替换资源</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rolling-update</td> 
   <td>kubectl rolling-update OLD_CONTROLLER_NAME ([NEW_CONTROLLER_NAME] –image=NEW_CONTAINER_IMAGE</td> 
   <td>-f NEW_CONTROLLER_SPEC) [flags]</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>label</td> 
   <td>kubectl label (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>annotate</td> 
   <td>kubectl annotate (-f FILENAME</td> 
   <td>TYPE NAME</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>api-resources</td> 
   <td>kubectl api-resources [flags] [options]</td> 
   <td>打印支持的API资源★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>api-versions</td> 
   <td>kubectl api-versions [flags]</td> 
   <td>列出可用的API版本★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>config</td> 
   <td>kubectl config SUBCOMMAND [flags]</td> 
   <td>修改kubeconfig文件。有关详细信息，请参见各个子命令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>plugin</td> 
   <td>kubectl plugin [flags] [options]</td> 
   <td>提供与插件交互的实用工具</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>version</td> 
   <td>kubectl version [–client] [flags]</td> 
   <td>显示在客户端和服务器上运行的Kubernetes版本★★★</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# kubectl语法中的TYPE资源 #

下表包含常用的资源类型及其缩写别名的列表。

也可以在命令行通过kubectl api-resources得到。

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Resource Name</th> 
   <th>Short Names</th> 
   <th>Namespaced</th> 
   <th>Resource Kind</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>bindings</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Binding</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>componentstatuses</td> 
   <td>cs</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>ComponentStatus</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>configmaps</td> 
   <td>cm</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>ConfigMap</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>endpoints</td> 
   <td>ep</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Endpoints</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>events</td> 
   <td>ev</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Event</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>limitranges</td> 
   <td>limits</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>LimitRange</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>namespaces</td> 
   <td>ns</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>Namespace</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>nodes</td> 
   <td>no</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>Node</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>persistentvolumeclaims</td> 
   <td>pvc</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>PersistentVolumeClaim</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>persistentvolumes</td> 
   <td>pv</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>PersistentVolume</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pods</td> 
   <td>po</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Pod</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>podtemplates</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>PodTemplate</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>replicationcontrollers</td> 
   <td>rc</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>ReplicationController</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>resourcequotas</td> 
   <td>quota</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>ResourceQuota</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>secrets</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Secret</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>serviceaccounts</td> 
   <td>sa</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>ServiceAccount</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>services</td> 
   <td>svc</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Service</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mutatingwebhookconfigurations</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>MutatingWebhookConfiguration</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>validatingwebhookconfigurations</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>ValidatingWebhookConfiguration</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>customresourcedefinitions</td> 
   <td>crd, crds</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>CustomResourceDefinition</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>apiservices</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>APIService</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>controllerrevisions</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>ControllerRevision</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>daemonsets</td> 
   <td>ds</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>DaemonSet</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>deployments</td> 
   <td>deploy</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Deployment</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>replicasets</td> 
   <td>rs</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>ReplicaSet</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>statefulsets</td> 
   <td>sts</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>StatefulSet</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tokenreviews</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>TokenReview</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>localsubjectaccessreviews</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>LocalSubjectAccessReview</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>selfsubjectaccessreviews</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>SelfSubjectAccessReview</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>selfsubjectrulesreviews</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>SelfSubjectRulesReview</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>subjectaccessreviews</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>SubjectAccessReview</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>horizontalpodautoscalers</td> 
   <td>hpa</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>HorizontalPodAutoscaler</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cronjobs</td> 
   <td>cj</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>CronJob</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>jobs</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Job</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>certificatesigningrequests</td> 
   <td>csr</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>CertificateSigningRequest</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>leases</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Lease</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>endpointslices</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>EndpointSlice</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>events</td> 
   <td>ev</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Event</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ingresses</td> 
   <td>ing</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Ingress</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>networkpolicies</td> 
   <td>netpol</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>NetworkPolicy</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>runtimeclasses</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>RuntimeClass</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>poddisruptionbudgets</td> 
   <td>pdb</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>PodDisruptionBudget</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>podsecuritypolicies</td> 
   <td>psp</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>PodSecurityPolicy</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>clusterrolebindings</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>ClusterRoleBinding</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>clusterroles</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>ClusterRole</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rolebindings</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>RoleBinding</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>roles</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>TRUE</td> 
   <td>Role</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>priorityclasses</td> 
   <td>pc</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>PriorityClass</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>csidrivers</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>CSIDriver</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>csinodes</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>CSINode</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>storageclasses</td> 
   <td>sc</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>StorageClass</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>volumeattachments</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>FALSE</td> 
   <td>VolumeAttachment</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# kubectl 输出选项 #

## 格式化输出 ##

所有kubectl命令的默认输出格式是人类可读的纯文本格式。

要将详细信息以特定的格式输出到终端窗口，可以将 -o 或 --output标识添加到受支持的kubectl命令中。

## 语法 ##

kubectl [command] [TYPE] [NAME] -o <output_format>

根据kubectl操作，支持以下输出格式：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>Output format</th> 
   <th>Description</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-o custom-columns=</td> 
   <td>使用逗号分隔的自定义列列表打印表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-o custom-columns-file=</td> 
   <td>使用文件中的自定义列模板打印表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-o json</td> 
   <td>输出一个JSON格式的API对象</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-o jsonpath=</td> 
   <td>打印jsonpath表达式中定义的字段</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-o jsonpath-file=</td> 
   <td>通过文件打印jsonpath表达式定义的字段</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-o name</td> 
   <td>只打印资源名，不打印其他任何内容</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-o wide</td> 
   <td>以纯文本格式输出，包含附加信息。对于pods，包含节点名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-o yaml</td> 
   <td>输出一个YAML格式的API对象</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 示例 ##

wide示例

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod 
    2 NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    3 nginx-demo   1/1     Running   1          28h
    4 [root@k8s-master ~]# 
    5 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
    6 NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
    7 nginx-demo   1/1     Running   1          28h   10.244.3.9   k8s-node01   <none>           <none>

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

yaml示例

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod 
     2 NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
     3 nginx-demo   1/1     Running   1          28h
     4 [root@k8s-master ~]# 
     5 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -o yaml
     6 apiVersion: v1
     7 items:
     8 - apiVersion: v1
     9   kind: Pod
    10   metadata:
    11     annotations:
    12 ………………

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

json示例

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod 
     2 NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
     3 nginx-demo   1/1     Running   1          28h
     4 [root@k8s-master ~]# 
     5 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -o json
     6 {
     7     "apiVersion": "v1",
     8     "items": [
     9         {
    10             "apiVersion": "v1",
    11             "kind": "Pod",
    12             "metadata": {
    13                 "annotations": {
    14 ………………

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

name示例

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod 
    2 NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    3 nginx-demo   1/1     Running   1          28h
    4 [root@k8s-master ~]# 
    5 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -o name
    6 pod/nginx-demo

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

custom-columns示例

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod
    2 NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    3 nginx-demo   1/1     Running   1          29h
    4 [root@k8s-master ~]# 
    5 [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -o custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,UID:.metadata.uid,imageName:.spec.containers[0].image
    6 NAME         UID                                    imageName
    7 nginx-demo   08121fc6-969b-4b4e-9aa4-b990a5d02148   registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

说明：custom-columns=key:value；其中key表示列明；value表示要显示信息，这个value信息可以通过-o json或-o yaml获取。

custom-columns-file示例

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 [root@k8s-master test]# kubectl get pod 
     2 NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
     3 nginx-demo   1/1     Running   0          80s
     4 [root@k8s-master test]# 
     5 # 要显示的列明和数据来源
     6 [root@k8s-master test]# cat custom-col.conf 
     7 NAME          UID          imageName                containerPort
     8 metadata.name metadata.uid spec.containers[0].image spec.containers[0].ports[0].containerPort
     9 [root@k8s-master test]# 
    10 [root@k8s-master test]# kubectl get pod -o custom-columns-file=custom-col.conf
    11 NAME         UID                                    imageName                                                     containerPort
    12 nginx-demo   769dc3f4-2ffc-407c-a351-56b74ddaba4c   registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17   80

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

jsonpath示例

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 [root@k8s-master test]# kubectl get pods
    2 NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    3 nginx-demo   1/1     Running   0          13m
    4 [root@k8s-master test]# 
    5 [root@k8s-master test]# kubectl get pods -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name},{.items[0].spec.containers[0].image}'
    6 nginx-demo,registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

jsonpath-file示例

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

1 [root@k8s-master test]# kubectl get pod 
     2 NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
     3 nginx-demo   1/1     Running   0          16m
     4 [root@k8s-master test]# 
     5 # 要显示的数据来源
     6 [root@k8s-master test]# cat custom-json.conf
     7 {.items[0].metadata.name},{.items[0].spec.containers[0].image},{.items[0].spec.containers[0].ports[0].containerPort}
     8 [root@k8s-master test]# 
     9 [root@k8s-master test]# kubectl get pod -o jsonpath-file=custom-json.conf
    10 nginx-demo,registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/nginx:1.17,80

[48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]: /images/20221123/b34d0be3bf5f4526b3a444ade3dade96.png