day12【过渡】SpringCloud

男娘i 2022-12-11 12:27 149阅读 0赞

# day12【过渡】SpringCloud #

## 1、Spring Cloud 概述 ##

### 1.1、微服务框图 ###

![image-20200930213233178][]

### 1.2、Spring Cloud 组件 ###

1.  注册中心： Eureka
2.  负载均衡： Ribbon
3.  声明式调用远程方法： Feign
4.  熔断、 降级、 监控： Hystrix
5.  网关： Zuul

## 2、搭建环境 ##

### 2.1、创建父工程 ###

*  创建`Maven Project`，父工程打包方式需要选择为`pom`

![image-20200622105121268][]

![image-20200622105223652][]

*  在父工程的`pom`文件中引入依赖

![image-20200622105421201][]

<dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Greenwich.SR2</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

### 2.2、创建common工程 ###

*  在父工程上右击，创建`Maven Module`，打包方式为`jar`

![image-20200622105957714][]

![image-20200622110032277][]

*  添加测试使用的实体类

![image-20200622110105970][]

public class Employee {
        
    	
    	private Integer empId;
    	private String empName;
    	private Double empSalary;
    	
    	public Employee() {
        
    		
    	}
    
    	public Employee(Integer empId, String empName, Double empSalary) {
        
    		super();
    		this.empId = empId;
    		this.empName = empName;
    		this.empSalary = empSalary;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public String toString() {
        
    		return "Employee [empId=" + empId + ", empName=" + empName + ", empSalary=" + empSalary + "]";
    	}
    
    	public Integer getEmpId() {
        
    		return empId;
    	}
    
    	public void setEmpId(Integer empId) {
        
    		this.empId = empId;
    	}
    
    	public String getEmpName() {
        
    		return empName;
    	}
    
    	public void setEmpName(String empName) {
        
    		this.empName = empName;
    	}
    
    	public Double getEmpSalary() {
        
    		return empSalary;
    	}
    
    	public void setEmpSalary(Double empSalary) {
        
    		this.empSalary = empSalary;
    	}
    
    }

### 2.3、创建provider工程 ###

*  在父工程上右击，创建`Maven Module`，打包方式为`jar`

![image-20200622110836339][]

*  引入`SpringCloud`和`common`工程的相关依赖

![image-20200622111058357][]

*  添加主启动类

![image-20200622111209602][]

@SpringBootApplication
    public class AtguiguMainType {
        
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
        
    		SpringApplication.run(AtguiguMainType.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

*  修改端口号

![image-20200622111301025][]

server:
      port: 1000

*  创建`Handler`

![image-20200622111359236][]

@RestController
    public class EmployeeHandler {
        
    	
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/employee/remote")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote() {
        
    		return new Employee(555, "tom555", 555.55);
    	}
    
    }

*  启动测试

![image-20200622111449332][]

### 2.4、创建consumer工程 ###

*  在父工程上右击，创建`Maven Module`，打包方式为`jar`
 *  添加`web`和`common`工程的依赖

*  创建主启动类

![image-20200622132024433][]

*  创建配置类：向`IOC`容器中添加`RestTemplate`类的实例，用于远程调用

![image-20200622132133158][]

@Configuration
    public class AtguiguSpringCloudConfig {
        
    	
    	@Bean
    	public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        
    		return new RestTemplate();
    	}
    
    }

*  创建`Handler`

![image-20200622132216235][]

@RestController
    public class HumanResourceHandler {
        
    	
    	@Autowired
    	private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    	
    	@RequestMapping("/consumer/get/employee")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote() {
        
    		
    		// 1.声明远程微服务的主机地址加端口号
    		String host = "http://localhost:1000";
    		
    		// 2.声明具体要调用的功能的URL地址
    		String url =  "/provider/get/employee/remote";
    		
    		// 3.通过RestTemplate调用远程微服务
    		return restTemplate.getForObject(host + url, Employee.class);
    	}
    
    }

*  创建`yml`配置文件

![image-20200622132256358][]

server:
      port: 4000

*  测试

![image-20200622133611500][]

*  遇到的问题：4000端口被占用（福昕`PDF`占用`4000`端口号）
    
     *  问题描述：启动微服务出现如下报错
    
        Description:
        
        The Tomcat connector configured to listen on port 4000 failed to start. The port may already be in use or the connector may be misconfigured.
        
        Action:
        
        Verify the connector's configuration, identify and stop any process that's listening on port 4000, or configure this application to listen on another port.
    
     *  查询端口的pid查询
    
    ![image-20200622133105949][]
    
        netstat -ano|findstr "4000"
    
     *  关闭对应`pid`：`-F` 强制关闭（以管理员身份运行`CMD`）
    
        taskkill -F -PID 4772
        taskkill -F -PID 1848

### 2.5、创建Eureka服务注册中心 ###

*  在父工程上右击，创建`Maven Module`，打包方式为`jar`

![image-20200622152457656][]

![image-20200622152518574][]

*  引入`eureka-server`相关依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

*  创建主启动类：
    
    启用`Eureka`服务器：`@EnableEurekaServer`

![image-20200622152920524][]

// 启用Eureka服务器端功能
    @EnableEurekaServer
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class AtguiguMainType {
        
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
        
    		SpringApplication.run(AtguiguMainType.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

*  创建`yml`配置文件

![image-20200622153046030][]

server:
      port: 5000
    
    eureka:
      instance:
        hostname: localhost         # 配置当前Eureka服务的主机地址
      client:
        register-with-eureka: false # 当前服务本身就是注册中心，不必“自己注册自己”
        fetch-registry: false       # 当前服务本身就是注册中心，不必“从注册中心取回信息”
        service-url:                # 客户端（指consumer、provider）访问当前注册中心时使用的地址
          defaultZone: http://${
        eureka.instance.hostname}/${
        server.port}/eureka

*  关于`eureka`的配置类：`hostname`字段的`setter`方法

![image-20200622153635463][]

@ConfigurationProperties("eureka.instance")
    public class EurekaInstanceConfigBean
    		implements CloudEurekaInstanceConfig, EnvironmentAware {
        
    
    	private static final String UNKNOWN = "unknown";
    
    	private HostInfo hostInfo;
    
    	private InetUtils inetUtils;
    
    	/**
    	 * Default prefix for actuator endpoints.
    	 */
    	private String actuatorPrefix = "/actuator";
    
    	/**
    	 * Get the name of the application to be registered with eureka.
    	 */
    	private String appname = UNKNOWN;
    
    	/**
    	 * Get the name of the application group to be registered with eureka.
    	 */
    	private String appGroupName;
    
    	/**
    	 * Indicates whether the instance should be enabled for taking traffic as soon as it
    	 * is registered with eureka. Sometimes the application might need to do some
    	 * pre-processing before it is ready to take traffic.
    	 */
    	private boolean instanceEnabledOnit;
    
    	/**
    	 * Get the non-secure port on which the instance should receive traffic.
    	 */
    	private int nonSecurePort = 80;
    
    	/**
    	 * Get the Secure port on which the instance should receive traffic.
    	 */
    	private int securePort = 443;
    
    	/**
    	 * Indicates whether the non-secure port should be enabled for traffic or not.
    	 */
    	private boolean nonSecurePortEnabled = true;
    
    	/**
    	 * Indicates whether the secure port should be enabled for traffic or not.
    	 */
    	private boolean securePortEnabled;
    
    	/**
    	 * Indicates how often (in seconds) the eureka client needs to send heartbeats to
    	 * eureka server to indicate that it is still alive. If the heartbeats are not
    	 * received for the period specified in leaseExpirationDurationInSeconds, eureka
    	 * server will remove the instance from its view, there by disallowing traffic to this
    	 * instance.
    	 *
    	 * Note that the instance could still not take traffic if it implements
    	 * HealthCheckCallback and then decides to make itself unavailable.
    	 */
    	private int leaseRenewalIntervalInSeconds = 30;
    
    	/**
    	 * Indicates the time in seconds that the eureka server waits since it received the
    	 * last heartbeat before it can remove this instance from its view and there by
    	 * disallowing traffic to this instance.
    	 *
    	 * Setting this value too long could mean that the traffic could be routed to the
    	 * instance even though the instance is not alive. Setting this value too small could
    	 * mean, the instance may be taken out of traffic because of temporary network
    	 * glitches.This value to be set to atleast higher than the value specified in
    	 * leaseRenewalIntervalInSeconds.
    	 */
    	private int leaseExpirationDurationInSeconds = 90;
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the virtual host name defined for this instance.
    	 *
    	 * This is typically the way other instance would find this instance by using the
    	 * virtual host name.Think of this as similar to the fully qualified domain name, that
    	 * the users of your services will need to find this instance.
    	 */
    	private String virtualHostName = UNKNOWN;
    
    	/**
    	 * Get the unique Id (within the scope of the appName) of this instance to be
    	 * registered with eureka.
    	 */
    	private String instanceId;
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the secure virtual host name defined for this instance.
    	 *
    	 * This is typically the way other instance would find this instance by using the
    	 * secure virtual host name.Think of this as similar to the fully qualified domain
    	 * name, that the users of your services will need to find this instance.
    	 */
    	private String secureVirtualHostName = UNKNOWN;
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the AWS autoscaling group name associated with this instance. This information
    	 * is specifically used in an AWS environment to automatically put an instance out of
    	 * service after the instance is launched and it has been disabled for traffic..
    	 */
    	private String aSGName;
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the metadata name/value pairs associated with this instance. This information
    	 * is sent to eureka server and can be used by other instances.
    	 */
    	private Map<String, String> metadataMap = new HashMap<>();
    
    	/**
    	 * Returns the data center this instance is deployed. This information is used to get
    	 * some AWS specific instance information if the instance is deployed in AWS.
    	 */
    	private DataCenterInfo dataCenterInfo = new MyDataCenterInfo(
    			DataCenterInfo.Name.MyOwn);
    
    	/**
    	 * Get the IPAdress of the instance. This information is for academic purposes only as
    	 * the communication from other instances primarily happen using the information
    	 * supplied in {@link #getHostName(boolean)}.
    	 */
    	private String ipAddress;
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the relative status page URL path for this instance. The status page URL is
    	 * then constructed out of the hostName and the type of communication - secure or
    	 * unsecure as specified in securePort and nonSecurePort.
    	 *
    	 * It is normally used for informational purposes for other services to find about the
    	 * status of this instance. Users can provide a simple HTML indicating what is the
    	 * current status of the instance.
    	 */
    	private String statusPageUrlPath = actuatorPrefix + "/info";
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the absolute status page URL path for this instance. The users can provide the
    	 * statusPageUrlPath if the status page resides in the same instance talking to
    	 * eureka, else in the cases where the instance is a proxy for some other server,
    	 * users can provide the full URL. If the full URL is provided it takes precedence.
    	 *
    	 * It is normally used for informational purposes for other services to find about the
    	 * status of this instance. Users can provide a simple HTML indicating what is the
    	 * current status of the instance.
    	 */
    	private String statusPageUrl;
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the relative home page URL Path for this instance. The home page URL is then
    	 * constructed out of the hostName and the type of communication - secure or unsecure.
    	 *
    	 * It is normally used for informational purposes for other services to use it as a
    	 * landing page.
    	 */
    	private String homePageUrlPath = "/";
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the absolute home page URL for this instance. The users can provide the
    	 * homePageUrlPath if the home page resides in the same instance talking to eureka,
    	 * else in the cases where the instance is a proxy for some other server, users can
    	 * provide the full URL. If the full URL is provided it takes precedence.
    	 *
    	 * It is normally used for informational purposes for other services to use it as a
    	 * landing page. The full URL should follow the format http://${eureka.hostname}:7001/
    	 * where the value ${eureka.hostname} is replaced at runtime.
    	 */
    	private String homePageUrl;
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the relative health check URL path for this instance. The health check page
    	 * URL is then constructed out of the hostname and the type of communication - secure
    	 * or unsecure as specified in securePort and nonSecurePort.
    	 *
    	 * It is normally used for making educated decisions based on the health of the
    	 * instance - for example, it can be used to determine whether to proceed deployments
    	 * to an entire farm or stop the deployments without causing further damage.
    	 */
    	private String healthCheckUrlPath = actuatorPrefix + "/health";
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the absolute health check page URL for this instance. The users can provide
    	 * the healthCheckUrlPath if the health check page resides in the same instance
    	 * talking to eureka, else in the cases where the instance is a proxy for some other
    	 * server, users can provide the full URL. If the full URL is provided it takes
    	 * precedence.
    	 *
    	 * <p>
    	 * It is normally used for making educated decisions based on the health of the
    	 * instance - for example, it can be used to determine whether to proceed deployments
    	 * to an entire farm or stop the deployments without causing further damage. The full
    	 * URL should follow the format http://${eureka.hostname}:7001/ where the value
    	 * ${eureka.hostname} is replaced at runtime.
    	 */
    	private String healthCheckUrl;
    
    	/**
    	 * Gets the absolute secure health check page URL for this instance. The users can
    	 * provide the secureHealthCheckUrl if the health check page resides in the same
    	 * instance talking to eureka, else in the cases where the instance is a proxy for
    	 * some other server, users can provide the full URL. If the full URL is provided it
    	 * takes precedence.
    	 *
    	 * <p>
    	 * It is normally used for making educated decisions based on the health of the
    	 * instance - for example, it can be used to determine whether to proceed deployments
    	 * to an entire farm or stop the deployments without causing further damage. The full
    	 * URL should follow the format http://${eureka.hostname}:7001/ where the value
    	 * ${eureka.hostname} is replaced at runtime.
    	 */
    	private String secureHealthCheckUrl;
    
    	/**
    	 * Get the namespace used to find properties. Ignored in Spring Cloud.
    	 */
    	private String namespace = "eureka";
    
    	/**
    	 * The hostname if it can be determined at configuration time (otherwise it will be
    	 * guessed from OS primitives).
    	 */
    	private String hostname;
    
    	/**
    	 * Flag to say that, when guessing a hostname, the IP address of the server should be
    	 * used in prference to the hostname reported by the OS.
    	 */
    	private boolean preferIpAddress = false;
        
        //..

*  启动程序，访问`http://localhost:5000/`

![image-20200622153254769][]

## 3、注册provider ##

### 3.1、引入依赖 ###

*  在之前的`provider`工程的`pom`文件中添加`eureka-client`相关依赖

![image-20200622154744397][]

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>

### 3.2、启用Eureka客户端 ###

*  在主启动类上，启用`eureka-client`

![image-20200622155235180][]

// 下面两个注解功能大致相同，高版本SpringBoot可省略如下注解
    // @EnableDiscoveryClient 	// 启相发现服务功能，不局限于Eureka注册中心
    // @EnableEurekaClient 		// 启用Eureka客户端功能，必须是Eureka注册中心
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class AtguiguMainType {
        
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
        
    		SpringApplication.run(AtguiguMainType.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

### 3.3、修改yml配置文件 ###

*  配置`provider`微服务的名称、配置`eureka`注册中心的地址

![image-20200622155259425][]

server:
      port: 1000
      
    spring:
      application:
        name: atguigu-provider    # 指定当前微服务名称，以便将来通过微服务名称调用当前微服务时能够找到
      
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:              # 配置当前微服务作为Eureka客户端访问Eureka服务器端时使用的地址
          defaultZone: http://localhost:5000/eureka

### 3.4、测试 ###

![image-20200622155516200][]

## 4、consumer–>Eureka–>provider ##

### 4.1、整体框架 ###

![image-20200930215756202][]

### 4.2、引入依赖 ###

*  在之前的`consumer`工程中添加`ribbon`和`eureka-client`的依赖

![image-20200622161218855][]

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
    </dependency>

### 4.3、启用Eureka客户端 ###

*  在主启动类上，启用`eureka-client`

![image-20200622180838372][]

//下面两个注解功能大致相同，高版本SpringBoot可省略如下注解
    //@EnableDiscoveryClient 	// 启相发现服务功能，不局限于Eureka注册中心
    //@EnableEurekaClient 		// 启用Eureka客户端功能，必须是Eureka注册中心
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class AtguiguMainType {
        
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
        
    		SpringApplication.run(AtguiguMainType.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

### 4.4、通过微服务名称调用 ###

*  修改`Handler`

![image-20200622161310350][]

@RestController
    public class HumanResourceHandler {
        
    	
    	@Autowired
    	private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    	
    	@RequestMapping("/consumer/ribbon/get/employee")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote() {
        
    		
    		// 1.声明远程微服务的主机地址加端口号
    		// String host = "http://localhost:1000";
    		
    		// 将远程微服务地址从“IP地址+端口号”改成“微服务名称”
    		String host = "http://atguigu-provider";
    		
    		// 2.声明具体要调用的功能的URL地址
    		String url =  "/provider/get/employee/remote";
    		
    		// 3.通过RestTemplate调用远程微服务
    		return restTemplate.getForObject(host + url, Employee.class);
    	}
    
    }

### 4.5、启用负载均衡 ###

*  在`restTemplate bean`上添加`@LoadBalanced`注解，启用负载均衡

![image-20200622161400862][]

@Configuration
    public class AtguiguSpringCloudConfig {
        
    	
    	// @LoadBalanced注解让RestTemplate有负载均衡的功能，通过调用Ribbon可以访问provider集群
    	@LoadBalanced
    	@Bean
    	public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        
    		return new RestTemplate();
    	}
    
    }

### 4.6、修改yml配置文件 ###

server:
      port: 4000
      
    spring: 
      application: 
        name: atguigu-consumer          # consumer微服务的名称
        
    eureka: 
      client: 
        serviceUrl:                     # 通过如下地址找到Eureka注册中心
          defaultZone: http://localhost:5000/eureka/

### 4.7、测试 ###

*  `Eureka`中注册的服务

![image-20200622162802239][]

*  访问`consumer`

![image-20200622163020706][]

## 5、Ribbon与provider集群 ##

### 5.1、修改Handler代码 ###

*  修改`provider`工程的`Handler`方法

![image-20200622181703197][]

@RestController
    public class EmployeeHandler {
        
    	
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/employee/remote")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote(HttpServletRequest request) {
        
    		
    		// 获取当前服务的端口号
    		int serverPort = request.getServerPort();
    		
    		return new Employee(555, "tom555 "+serverPort, 555.55);
    		
    	}
    
    }

### 5.2、provider集群 ###

*  provider 以集群方式启动
    
     *  按照端口号 `1000` 启动第一个实例
     *  按照端口号 `2000` 启动第二个实例
     *  按照端口号 `3000` 启动第三个实例
 *  `provider`的微服务名称必须使用同一个名称才能构成一个集群，否则将不会认定为是属于同一个集群。

### 5.3、如何启动provider集群 ###

*  修改`yml`配置文件中的端口号

![image-20200622181957377][]

*  右击`main`方法，选择`Run as SpringBoot App`

![image-20200622182055234][]

### 5.4、测试 ###

*  `Eureka`注册中心包含：
    
     *  `3`个`provider`微服务，构成`provider`集群
     *  `1`个`consumer`微服务

![image-20200622182507795][]

*  访问`consumer`，`Ribbon`默认使用轮询负载均衡算法

![image-20200622182649968][]

![image-20200622182713257][]

![image-20200622182716610][]

## 6、Feign ##

### 6.1、整体框架 ###

![image-20200930215827568][]

### 6.2、common工程 ###

#### 6.2.1、引入依赖 ####

*  在`common`工程的`pom`文件中引入`openfeign`的依赖

![image-20200622193821831][]

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
    </dependency>

#### 6.2.2、修改provider ####

*  为了测试，修改`EmployeeHandler`中的`getEmployeeRemote`方法

![image-20200622194254903][]

@RestController
    public class EmployeeHandler {
        
    	
    	/*
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/employee/remote")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote(HttpServletRequest request) {		
    		// 获取当前服务的端口号
    		int serverPort = request.getServerPort();
    		
    		return new Employee(555, "tom555 "+serverPort, 555.55);
    	}
    	*/
    	
    	private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EmployeeHandler.class);
    	
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/employee/remote")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote() {
        		
    		return new Employee(555, "tom555 ", 555.55);
    	}
    
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/emp/list/remote")
    	public List<Employee> getEmpListRemote(String keyword) {
        
    		
    		logger.info("keyword="+keyword);
    		
    		List<Employee> empList = new ArrayList<>();
    		empList.add(new Employee(33, "empName33", 333.33));
    		empList.add(new Employee(44, "empName44", 444.44));
    		empList.add(new Employee(55, "empName55", 555.55));
    		
    		return empList;
    	}
    	
    }

#### 6.2.3、声明调用接口 ####

*  在`common`工程中，声明`api`调用接口

![image-20200622194741133][]

// @FeignClient注解表示当前接口和一个Provider对应，注解中value属性指定要调用的Provider的微服务名称
    @FeignClient(value = "atguigu-provider")
    public interface EmployeeRemoteService {
        
    	
    	// 远程调用的接口方法
    	// 要求@RequestMapping注解映射的地址一致
    	// 要求方法声明一致
    	// 用来获取请求参数的@RequestParam、@PathVariable、@RequestBody不能省略，两边一致
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/employee/remote")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote();
    
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/emp/list/remote")
    	public List<Employee> getEmpListRemote(String keyword);
    
    }

### 6.3、feign-consumer ###

#### 6.3.1、创建工程 ####

*  在父工程上右击，创建`Maven Module`，打包方式为`jar`

![image-20200622195721187][]

#### 6.3.2、引入依赖 ####

*  在`pom`文件中引入相关依赖
    
     *  根据依赖的传递性，`common`工程中引入了`openfeign`的依赖，所以`feign-consumer`工程无需再引入`openfeign`的依赖
     *  由于`openfeign`中已经导入了`ribbon`相关依赖，所以`feign-consumer`工程也无需再引入`ribbon`相关依赖

![image-20200622200240619][]

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.spring.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>pro07-spring-cloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

#### 6.3.3、创建主启动类 ####

*  主启动类上使用`@EnableFeignClients`注解，标名启用`Feign`客户端功能

![image-20200622200513793][]

// 启用Feign客户端功能
    @EnableFeignClients
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class AtguiguMainType {
        
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
        
    		SpringApplication.run(AtguiguMainType.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

#### 6.3.4、创建Handler ####

*  创建`FeignHumanResourceHandler`，装配远程调用接口，调用远程方法

![image-20200622200625464][]

@RestController
    public class FeignHumanResourceHandler {
        
    	
    	// 装配调用远程微服务的接口，后面向调用本地方法一样直接使用
    	@Autowired
    	private EmployeeRemoteService employeeRemoteService;
    	
    	@RequestMapping("/feign/consumer/get/emp")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote() {
        
    		return employeeRemoteService.getEmployeeRemote();
    	}
    	
    	@RequestMapping("/feign/consumer/search")
    	public List<Employee> getEmpListRemote(String keyword) {
        
    		return employeeRemoteService.getEmpListRemote(keyword);
    	}
    
    }

#### 6.3.5、创建yml配置文件 ####

*  将`consumer`注册进`Eureka`服务注册中心

![image-20200622200650831][]

server:
      port: 7000
    spring:
      application:
        name: atguigu-feign-consumer
    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:5000/eureka/

### 6.4、测试 ###

*  `Eureka`服务注册中心

![image-20200622201934661][]

*  访问`feign-onsumer`

![image-20200622201957319][]

![image-20200622210729889][]

### 6.5、传参注意事项 ###

#### 6.5.1、简单类型 ####

*  接口的写法：别忘了写`@RequestParm` 注解

@RequestMapping("/provider/get/employee/by/id")
    public Employee getEmployeeById(@RequestParam("empId") Integer empId);

*  `Provider`中`Handler`的写法：方法声明部分和接口中一致

@RequestMapping("/provider/get/employee/by/id")
    public Employee getEmployeeById(@RequestParam("empId") Integer empId) {
        
    	return new Employee(empId, "tom999-", 999.99);
    }

#### 6.5.2、复杂类型 ####

*  接口的写法：别忘了写`@RequestBody` 注解

@RequestMapping("/provider/save/emp")
    public Employee saveEmp(@RequestBody Employee employee);

*  `Provider`中`Handler`的写法：方法声明部分和接口中一致

@RequestMapping("/provider/save/emp")
    public Employee saveEmp(@RequestBody Employee employee) {
        
    	return employee;
    }

## 7、Hystrix服务熔断 ##

### 7.1、引入依赖 ###

*  在`provider`工程中添加`hystrix`相关依赖

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
    </dependency>

### 7.2、启用断路器 ###

*  在`provider`工程中的主启动类上添加`@EnableCircuitBreaker`注解，启用断路器功能

// 下面两个注解功能大致相同，高版本SpringBoot可省略如下注解
    // @EnableDiscoveryClient 	// 启相发现服务功能，不局限于Eureka注册中心
    // @EnableEurekaClient 		// 启用Eureka客户端功能，必须是Eureka注册中心
    //使用@EnableCircuitBreaker注解开启断路器功能
    @EnableCircuitBreaker
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class AtguiguMainType {
        
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
        
    		SpringApplication.run(AtguiguMainType.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

### 7.3、ResultEntity ###

*  封装`ResultEntity`类，用于向客户端返回成功、失败消息

![image-20200624112340564][]

/**
     * 整个项目统一使用这个类型作为Ajax请求或远程方法调用返回响应的数据格式
     * @author Lenovo
     *
     * @param <T>
     */
    public class ResultEntity<T> {
        
    	
    	public static final String SUCCESS = "SUCCESS";
    	public static final String FAILED = "FAILED";
    	public static final String NO_MESSAGE = "NO_MESSAGE";
    	public static final String NO_DATA = "NO_DATA";
    	
    	/**
    	 * 操作成功，不需要返回数据
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public static ResultEntity<String> successWithoutData() {
        
    		return new ResultEntity<String>(SUCCESS, NO_MESSAGE, NO_DATA);
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 操作成功，需要返回数据
    	 * @param data
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public static <E> ResultEntity<E> successWithData(E data) {
        
    		return new ResultEntity<>(SUCCESS, NO_MESSAGE, data);
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 操作失败，返回错误消息
    	 * @param message
    	 * @return
    	 */
    	public static <E> ResultEntity<E> failed(String message) {
        
    		return new ResultEntity<>(FAILED, message, null);
    	}
    	
    	private String result;
    	private String message;
    	private T data;
    	
    	public ResultEntity() {
        
    		
    	}
    
    	public ResultEntity(String result, String message, T data) {
        
    		super();
    		this.result = result;
    		this.message = message;
    		this.data = data;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public String toString() {
        
    		return "ResultEntity [result=" + result + ", message=" + message + ", data=" + data + "]";
    	}
    
    	public String getResult() {
        
    		return result;
    	}
    
    	public void setResult(String result) {
        
    		this.result = result;
    	}
    
    	public String getMessage() {
        
    		return message;
    	}
    
    	public void setMessage(String message) {
        
    		this.message = message;
    	}
    
    	public T getData() {
        
    		return data;
    	}
    
    	public void setData(T data) {
        
    		this.data = data;
    	}
    
    }

### 7.4、Handler方法 ###

*  `Provider`工程的`Handler`方法中添加如下代码

![image-20200624112536075][]

// @HystrixCommand注解指定当前方法出问题时调用的备份方法（使用fallbackMethod属性指定）
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "getEmpWithCircuitBreakerBackup")
    @RequestMapping("/provider/get/emp/with/circuit/breaker")
    public ResultEntity<Employee> getEmpWithCircuitBreaker(@RequestParam("signal") String signal) throws InterruptedException {
        		
        if("quick-bang".equals(signal)) {
        
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
    
        if("slow-bang".equals(signal)) {
        
            Thread.sleep(5000);
        }
    
        return ResultEntity.successWithData(new Employee(666, "empName666", 666.66));
    }
    
    public ResultEntity<Employee> getEmpWithCircuitBreakerBackup(@RequestParam("signal") String signal) {
        	
        String message = "方法执行出现问题，执行断路 signal="+signal;
        return ResultEntity.failed(message);
    }

### 7.5、测试 ###

*  正常访问`provider`

![image-20200624112756221][]

*  `quick-bang`

![image-20200624112837528][]

*  `slow-bang`

![image-20200624112909317][]

## 8、Hystrix服务降级 ##

### 8.1、引入依赖 ###

*  在`common`工程下添加`hystrix`相关依赖

![image-20200624150532337][]

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
    </dependency>

### 8.2、声明远程方法 ###

*  为了测试，我们在`EmployeeRemoteService`远程调用接口中添加一个新的方法，返回`ResultEntity`对象

![image-20200624150818525][]

//@FeignClient注解表示当前接口和一个Provider对应，注解中value属性指定要调用的Provider的微服务名称
    @FeignClient(value = "atguigu-provider")
    public interface EmployeeRemoteService {
        
    	
    	// 远程调用的接口方法
    	// 要求@RequestMapping注解映射的地址一致
    	// 要求方法声明一致
    	// 用来获取请求参数的@RequestParam、@PathVariable、@RequestBody不能省略，两边一致
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/employee/remote")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote();
    
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/emp/list/remote")
    	public List<Employee> getEmpListRemote(@RequestParam("keyword") String keyword);
    
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/emp/with/circuit/breaker")
    	public ResultEntity<Employee> getEmpWithCircuitBreaker(@RequestParam("signal") String signal);
    	
    }

### 8.3、指定FallbackFactory ###

*  创建`MyFallBackFactory`，继承自`FallbackFactory`接口。用于实现服务的降级

![image-20200624151031402][]

/**
     * 1.实现Consumer端服务降级功能
     * 2.实现FallbackFactory接口时要传入@FeignClient注解标记的接口类型
     * 3.在create()方法中返回@FeignClient注解标记的接口类型的对象，当Provider调用失败后，会执行这个对象的对应方法
     * 4.这个类必须使用@Component注解将当前类的对象加入IOC容器，当然当前类必须能够被扫描到
     * @author Lenovo
     *
     */
    @Component
    public class MyFallBackFactory implements FallbackFactory<EmployeeRemoteService> {
        
    
    	@Override
    	public EmployeeRemoteService create(Throwable cause) {
        
    		return new EmployeeRemoteService() {
        
    			
    			@Override
    			public Employee getEmployeeRemote() {
        
    				return null;
    			}
    			
    			@Override
    			public ResultEntity<Employee> getEmpWithCircuitBreaker(String signal) {
        
    				return ResultEntity.failed("降级生效：" + cause.getMessage());
    			}
    			
    			@Override
    			public List<Employee> getEmpListRemote(String keyword) {
        
    				return null;
    			}
    		};
    	}
    
    }

### 8.4、启用服务降级功能 ###

*  在`EmployeeRemoteService`远程调用接口中，在`@FeignClient`注解中指定`fallbackFactory`属性的值为我们自定义的`MyFallBackFactory`类

![image-20200624150818525][]

// @FeignClient注解表示当前接口和一个Provider对应
    // 注解中value属性指定要调用的Provider的微服务名称
    // 注解中fallbackFactory属性指定Provider不可用时提供备用方案的工厂类型
    @FeignClient(value = "atguigu-provider", fallbackFactory = MyFallBackFactory.class)
    public interface EmployeeRemoteService {
        
    	
    	// 远程调用的接口方法
    	// 要求@RequestMapping注解映射的地址一致
    	// 要求方法声明一致
    	// 用来获取请求参数的@RequestParam、@PathVariable、@RequestBody不能省略，两边一致
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/employee/remote")
    	public Employee getEmployeeRemote();
    
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/emp/list/remote")
    	public List<Employee> getEmpListRemote(@RequestParam("keyword") String keyword);
    
    	@RequestMapping("/provider/get/emp/with/circuit/breaker")
    	public ResultEntity<Employee> getEmpWithCircuitBreaker(@RequestParam("signal") String signal);
    	
    }

### 8.5、provider Handler ###

*  上一节服务熔断，我们已经写好了该方法哟~

![image-20200624152559380][]

### 8.6、feign-consumer Handler ###

*  在`feign-consumer`的`Handler`代码中添加如下代码，用于测试服务的降级功能

![image-20200624151549327][]

@RequestMapping("/feign/consumer/test/fallback")
    public ResultEntity<Employee> testFallBack(@RequestParam("signal") String signal) {
        
        return employeeRemoteService.getEmpWithCircuitBreaker(signal);
    }

### 8.7、启用降级功能 ###

*  在`feign-consumer`的配置文件中启用服务降级功能

![image-20200624151723341][]

feign:
      hystrix:
        enabled: true

### 8.8、测试 ###

*  正常访问：注册中心里面有`feign-consumer`和`provider`，则浏览器显示`provider`返回的结果

![image-20200624152645859][]

![image-20200624152745612][]

*  服务降级：注册中心里面只有`feign-consumer`，`provider`因为某种原因掉线，浏览器返回错误信息

![image-20200624152842852][]

![image-20200624152918532][]

## 9、监控仪表盘 ##

### 9.1、provider工程 ###

#### 9.1.1、引入依赖 ####

*  在`provider`工程的`pom`文件中引入`actuator`的依赖

![image-20200624200541787][]

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>

#### 9.1.2、yml配置文件 ####

*  修改`provider`工程的配置文件

![image-20200624200637070][]

management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: hystrix.stream

### 9.2、监控工程 ###

#### 9.2.1、引入依赖 ####

*  创建`Maven Module`，并引入`dashboard`的依赖

![image-20200624200943013][]

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

#### 9.2.2、创建主启动类 ####

*  创建主启动类，使用`@EnableHystrixDashboard`注解启用仪表盘功能

![image-20200624201035023][]

// 启用仪表盘监控功能
    @EnableHystrixDashboard
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class AtguiguMainType {
        
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
        
    		SpringApplication.run(AtguiguMainType.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

#### 9.2.3、创建yml配置文件 ####

server:
      port: 8000
    spring:
      application:
        name: atguigu-dashboard

### 9.3、测试 ###

*  `Hystrix`首页：`http://localhost:8000/hystrix`

![image-20200624221007102][]

*  进入监控页面：`http://localhost:1000/actuator/hystrix.stream`

![image-20200624221711238][]

*  监控面板

![image-20200624221642927][]

## 10、Zuul ##

### 10.1、整体框架 ###

![image-20200930220101945][]

### 10.2、初步测试 ###

#### 10.2.1、创建工程 ####

*  在`parent`工程下创建`Maven Module`

![image-20200624223354736][]

#### 10.2.2、引入依赖 ####

*  在`pom`文件下添加`eureka-client`和`zuul`的依赖，因为`Zuul`需要去服务注册中`Eureka`中寻找微服务，所以需要引入`eureka-client`依赖

![image-20200624223601112][]

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

#### 10.2.3、创建主启动类 ####

*  在主启动类上标注`@EnableZuulProxy`注解，表示启用`Zuul`网关代理功能

// 启用Zuul的网关代理功能
    @EnableZuulProxy
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class AtguiguMainType {
        
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
        
    		SpringApplication.run(AtguiguMainType.class, args);
    	}
    
    }

#### 10.2.4、创建yml配置文件 ####

![image-20200624223843112][]

server:
      port: 9000
    spring:
      application:
        name: zuul-gateway
    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:5000/eureka/

#### 10.2.5、初步测试 ####

*  通过网关访问微服务

![image-20200624224115544][]

*  注册中心里面的微服务

![image-20200624224142198][]

*  通过网关访问微服务：

![image-20200624224319191][]

### 10.3、配置路由规则 ###

#### 10.3.1、修改yml配置文件 ####

*  修改`zuul`工程中的`yml`配置文件
    
     *  `ignored-services: '*'`：忽略所有微服务名称，既无法再通过微服务名称访问（仅限经过`Zuul`的请求）
     *  `prefix: /cat`：路径前缀，在`context-path`之后
     *  `employee`：自定义规则，这是规则的名称
        
         *  `service-id: atguigu-feign-consumer`：指定微服务名称
         *  `path: /zuul-emp/**`：用来代替目标微服务名称的路径，`/**`表示匹配多层路径，如果没有加`/**`则不能匹配后续的多层路径了

server:
      port: 9000
      servlet:
        context-path: /dog
    spring:
      application:
        name: zuul-gateway
    eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:5000/eureka/
    zuul:
      ignored-services: '*'
      prefix: /cat
      routes:
        employee:
          service-id: atguigu-feign-consumer
          path: /zuul-emp/**

#### 10.3.2、测试 ####

*  访问：`http://localhost:9000/dog/cat/zuul-emp/feign/consumer/get/emp`

![image-20200624230219642][]

### 10.4、拦截过滤请求 ###

#### 10.4.1、ZuulFilter ####

*  创建自定义`MyZuulFilter`，继承自`ZuulFilter`

![image-20200624233218049][]

@Component
    public class MyZuulFilter extends ZuulFilter {
        
    	
    	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyZuulFilter.class);
    
    	// 判断当前请求是否要进行过滤
    	// 要过滤：返回true，继续执行run()方法
    	// 不过滤：返回false，直接放行
    	@Override
    	public boolean shouldFilter() {
        
    		
    		// 获取RequestContext对象
    		RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
    		
    		// 获取Request对象
    		HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest();
    		
    		// 判断当前请求参数是否为signal=hello
    		String parameter = request.getParameter("signal");
    		
    		return "hello".equals(parameter);
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        
    		
    		logger.info("当前请求要进行过滤，run()方法执行了");
    		
    		// Current implementation ignores it.
    		// 当前实现会忽略这个方法的返回值，所以返回null，不做特殊处理
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public String filterType() {
        
    		
    		// 返回当前过滤器的类型，决定当前过滤器在什么时候执行
    		// pre表示在目标微服务前执行
    		String filterType = "pre";
    		
    		return filterType;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public int filterOrder() {
        
    		return 0;
    	}
    
    }

#### 10.4.2、ThreadLocal ####

*  读源码：`RequestContext.getCurrentContext()`
    
    使用`ThreadLocal`取出了`RequestContext`（请求域）

![image-20200624233506832][]

protected static final ThreadLocal<? extends RequestContext> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<RequestContext>() {
        
    
    public static RequestContext getCurrentContext() {
        
        if (testContext != null) return testContext;
    
        RequestContext context = threadLocal.get();
        return context;
    }

### 10.5、测试 ###

*  访问时带上参数：`?signal=hello`

![image-20200624234215329][]

2020-06-24 23:41:43.440  INFO 34028 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] c.a.spring.cloud.filter.MyZuulFilter     : 当前请求要进行过滤，run()方法执行了

### 10.6、Zuul 进行登录判断 ###

![image-20200930220144491][]

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