Spring Cloud 之Hystrix初使用

谁践踏了优雅 2022-12-15 12:52 133阅读 0赞

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## Spring Cloud 之Hystrix初使用 ##

可以先看一下这篇博客，对Hystrix有一个总体的认识：[Hystrix原理][Hystrix]

先来创建注册中心。  
`pom.xml`如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <groupId>com.kaven</groupId>
        <artifactId>eureka</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
        <name>eureka</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

`application.yml`如下：

eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
        register-with-eureka: false
      server:
        enable-self-preservation: false
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: eureka
    
    server:
      port: 8761

启动类：

package com.kaven.eureka;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableEurekaServer
    public class EurekaApplication { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

注解`@EnableEurekaServer`不要忘记加上。

再来创建server服务。  
`pom.xml`如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <groupId>com.kaven</groupId>
        <artifactId>server</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
        <name>server</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

`application.yml`如下：

spring:
      application:
        name: server
    
    server:
      port: 8001
    
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

启动类：

package com.kaven.server;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class ServerApplication { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(ServerApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

注解`@EnableDiscoveryClient`不要忘记加上。  
再写一个接口（用于被其他微服务请求）：

最后创建client服务。  
`pom.xml`如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.6.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> 
        </parent>
    
        <groupId>com.kaven</groupId>
        <artifactId>client</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    
        <name>client</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
            <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR2</spring-cloud.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                    <type>pom</type>
                    <scope>import</scope>
                </dependency>
            </dependencies>
        </dependencyManagement>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>

`application.yml`如下：

spring:
      application:
        name: client
    
    server:
      port: 8002
    
    eureka:
      client:
        service-url:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

启动类：

package com.kaven.client;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.SpringCloudApplication;
    import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
    import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
    
    @SpringCloudApplication
    @EnableHystrixDashboard
    public class ClientApplication { 
    
        public static void main(String[] args) { 
            SpringApplication.run(ClientApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

注解`@SpringCloudApplication`、`@EnableHystrixDashboard`不要忘记加上。

注解`@SpringCloudApplication`包含了注解`@EnableCircuitBreaker`、`@EnableDiscoveryClient`、`@SpringBootApplication`。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
写一个组件类（用于服务之间的请求）：

package com.kaven.client.component;
    
    import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @Component
    public class RestTemplateComponent { 
    
        @Bean
        @LoadBalanced
        public RestTemplate restTemplate(){ 
            return new RestTemplate();
        }
    }

之前的博客有介绍过RestTemplate实现微服务之间相互请求的方式：[Spring Cloud 之使用RestTemplate实现微服务之间相互请求的三种方式][Spring Cloud _RestTemplate]

还需要写一个接口用来请求Server服务的接口（借助RestTemplate）：

package com.kaven.client.controller;
    
    import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @RestController
    public class MessageController{ 
    
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback")
        @GetMapping("/getMessage")
        public String getMessage(){ 
    
            String message = restTemplate.getForObject("http://server/getMessage" , String.class);
            return "get: "+message;
        }
    
        public String fallback(){ 
            return "太拥挤了，请稍后再试！";
        }
    }

注解`@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback")`中设置了回退机制（做降级处理）。

三个项目都运行起来。

访问`http://localhost:8761/`，可以得到如下图所示的界面：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
可以发现两个微服务已经注册上去了，发出警告的原因是因为注册中心关闭了自我保护模式。

访问`http://localhost:8001/getMessage`，即Server服务的接口，可以得到如下图所示的界面。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
再来访问`http://localhost:8002/getMessage`，即Client服务的接口，可以得到如下图所示的界面，这说明RestTemplate应用成功了。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
该接口会通过RestTemplate来请求Server服务的接口，以便获取数据。

修改Client服务的getMessage接口，以便测试Server服务请求不成功的情况。

package com.kaven.client.controller;
    
    import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @RestController
    public class MessageController{ 
    
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallback")
        @GetMapping("/getMessage")
        public String getMessage(){ 
    
            String message = restTemplate.getForObject("http://server/getMsg" , String.class);
            return "get: "+message;
        }
    
        public String fallback(){ 
            return "太拥挤了，请稍后再试！";
        }
    }

就是将请求`url`从`http://server/getMessage`改成了`http://server/getMsg`，这样就不可能请求成功了。

再来访问`http://localhost:8002/getMessage`，可以得到如下图所示的界面，这说明我们的回退机制是有效的。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
如果每个请求其他服务的方法都得写一个回退配置的话，就很麻烦，其实还有一种方式可以设置回退机制。

package com.kaven.client.controller;
    
    import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
    import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @RestController
    @DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "defaultFallback")
    public class MessageController{ 
    
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @HystrixCommand
        @GetMapping("/getMessage")
        public String getMessage(){ 
    
            String message = restTemplate.getForObject("http://server/getMsg" , String.class);
            return "get: "+message;
        }
    
        public String defaultFallback(){ 
            return "[kaven]: 太拥挤了，请稍后再试！";
        }
    }

再来访问`http://localhost:8002/getMessage`，可以得到如下图所示的界面，说明这种回退设置也是有效的，并且这种方式使得回退机制的作用域更大。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
其实这种使用方式存在着弊端，如果服务是可以访问的，但耗时却很长（因为网络拥塞或者服务内部问题），这会导致大量的服务请求超长待机，所以我们还要有超时处理的机制。

为了演示请求服务超时，我们需要修改一下Server服务的getMessage接口：

package com.kaven.server.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    
    @RestController
    public class MessageServerController { 
    
        @GetMapping("/getMessage")
        public String getMessage(){ 
            System.out.println("进来了");
            try { 
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println("2000ms后又开始了");
            return "hello , Jack";
        }
    }

直接让它`Thread.sleep(2000);`，模拟请求超时的场景。

给Client服务的getMessage接口增加超时处理机制，并且设置超时时间是一秒（其实默认就是一秒，这里只是给大家演示一下）：

package com.kaven.client.controller;
    
    import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
    import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
    import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    @RestController
    @DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "defaultFallback")
    public class MessageController{ 
    
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        @HystrixCommand(commandProperties = { 
                @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds" , value = "1000")
        })
        @GetMapping("/getMessage")
        public String getMessage(){ 
    
            String message = restTemplate.getForObject("http://server/getMessage" , String.class);
            return "get: "+message;
        }
    
        public String defaultFallback(){ 
            return "[kaven]: 太拥挤了，请稍后再试！";
        }
    }

这些参数是怎么设置的？  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
按Ctrl点击`hystrix`，找到`HystrixCommandProperties`抽象类。

有这么多参数：

@SuppressWarnings("unused") private final HystrixCommandKey key;
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> circuitBreakerRequestVolumeThreshold; // number of requests that must be made within a statisticalWindow before open/close decisions are made using stats
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> circuitBreakerSleepWindowInMilliseconds; // milliseconds after tripping circuit before allowing retry
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> circuitBreakerEnabled; // Whether circuit breaker should be enabled.
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> circuitBreakerErrorThresholdPercentage; // % of 'marks' that must be failed to trip the circuit
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> circuitBreakerForceOpen; // a property to allow forcing the circuit open (stopping all requests)
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> circuitBreakerForceClosed; // a property to allow ignoring errors and therefore never trip 'open' (ie. allow all traffic through)
        private final HystrixProperty<ExecutionIsolationStrategy> executionIsolationStrategy; // Whether a command should be executed in a separate thread or not.
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> executionTimeoutInMilliseconds; // Timeout value in milliseconds for a command
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> executionTimeoutEnabled; //Whether timeout should be triggered
        private final HystrixProperty<String> executionIsolationThreadPoolKeyOverride; // What thread-pool this command should run in (if running on a separate thread).
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> executionIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests; // Number of permits for execution semaphore
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> fallbackIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests; // Number of permits for fallback semaphore
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> fallbackEnabled; // Whether fallback should be attempted.
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnTimeout; // Whether an underlying Future/Thread (when runInSeparateThread == true) should be interrupted after a timeout
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnFutureCancel; // Whether canceling an underlying Future/Thread (when runInSeparateThread == true) should interrupt the execution thread
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> metricsRollingStatisticalWindowInMilliseconds; // milliseconds back that will be tracked
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> metricsRollingStatisticalWindowBuckets; // number of buckets in the statisticalWindow
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> metricsRollingPercentileEnabled; // Whether monitoring should be enabled (SLA and Tracers).
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> metricsRollingPercentileWindowInMilliseconds; // number of milliseconds that will be tracked in RollingPercentile
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> metricsRollingPercentileWindowBuckets; // number of buckets percentileWindow will be divided into
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> metricsRollingPercentileBucketSize; // how many values will be stored in each percentileWindowBucket
        private final HystrixProperty<Integer> metricsHealthSnapshotIntervalInMilliseconds; // time between health snapshots
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> requestLogEnabled; // whether command request logging is enabled.
        private final HystrixProperty<Boolean> requestCacheEnabled; // Whether request caching is enabled.

这些是参数的默认值：

/* package */ static final Integer default_metricsRollingStatisticalWindow = 10000;// default => statisticalWindow: 10000 = 10 seconds (and default of 10 buckets so each bucket is 1 second)
        private static final Integer default_metricsRollingStatisticalWindowBuckets = 10;// default => statisticalWindowBuckets: 10 = 10 buckets in a 10 second window so each bucket is 1 second
        private static final Integer default_circuitBreakerRequestVolumeThreshold = 20;// default => statisticalWindowVolumeThreshold: 20 requests in 10 seconds must occur before statistics matter
        private static final Integer default_circuitBreakerSleepWindowInMilliseconds = 5000;// default => sleepWindow: 5000 = 5 seconds that we will sleep before trying again after tripping the circuit
        private static final Integer default_circuitBreakerErrorThresholdPercentage = 50;// default => errorThresholdPercentage = 50 = if 50%+ of requests in 10 seconds are failures or latent then we will trip the circuit
        private static final Boolean default_circuitBreakerForceOpen = false;// default => forceCircuitOpen = false (we want to allow traffic)
        /* package */ static final Boolean default_circuitBreakerForceClosed = false;// default => ignoreErrors = false 
        private static final Integer default_executionTimeoutInMilliseconds = 1000; // default => executionTimeoutInMilliseconds: 1000 = 1 second
        private static final Boolean default_executionTimeoutEnabled = true;
        private static final ExecutionIsolationStrategy default_executionIsolationStrategy = ExecutionIsolationStrategy.THREAD;
        private static final Boolean default_executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnTimeout = true;
        private static final Boolean default_executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnFutureCancel = false;
        private static final Boolean default_metricsRollingPercentileEnabled = true;
        private static final Boolean default_requestCacheEnabled = true;
        private static final Integer default_fallbackIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests = 10;
        private static final Boolean default_fallbackEnabled = true;
        private static final Integer default_executionIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests = 10;
        private static final Boolean default_requestLogEnabled = true;
        private static final Boolean default_circuitBreakerEnabled = true;
        private static final Integer default_metricsRollingPercentileWindow = 60000; // default to 1 minute for RollingPercentile 
        private static final Integer default_metricsRollingPercentileWindowBuckets = 6; // default to 6 buckets (10 seconds each in 60 second window)
        private static final Integer default_metricsRollingPercentileBucketSize = 100; // default to 100 values max per bucket
        private static final Integer default_metricsHealthSnapshotIntervalInMilliseconds = 500; // default to 500ms as max frequency between allowing snapshots of health (error percentage etc)

构造方法：

protected HystrixCommandProperties(HystrixCommandKey key, HystrixCommandProperties.Setter builder, String propertyPrefix) { 
            this.key = key;
            this.circuitBreakerEnabled = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "circuitBreaker.enabled", builder.getCircuitBreakerEnabled(), default_circuitBreakerEnabled);
            this.circuitBreakerRequestVolumeThreshold = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "circuitBreaker.requestVolumeThreshold", builder.getCircuitBreakerRequestVolumeThreshold(), default_circuitBreakerRequestVolumeThreshold);
            this.circuitBreakerSleepWindowInMilliseconds = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "circuitBreaker.sleepWindowInMilliseconds", builder.getCircuitBreakerSleepWindowInMilliseconds(), default_circuitBreakerSleepWindowInMilliseconds);
            this.circuitBreakerErrorThresholdPercentage = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "circuitBreaker.errorThresholdPercentage", builder.getCircuitBreakerErrorThresholdPercentage(), default_circuitBreakerErrorThresholdPercentage);
            this.circuitBreakerForceOpen = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "circuitBreaker.forceOpen", builder.getCircuitBreakerForceOpen(), default_circuitBreakerForceOpen);
            this.circuitBreakerForceClosed = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "circuitBreaker.forceClosed", builder.getCircuitBreakerForceClosed(), default_circuitBreakerForceClosed);
            this.executionIsolationStrategy = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "execution.isolation.strategy", builder.getExecutionIsolationStrategy(), default_executionIsolationStrategy);
            //this property name is now misleading. //TODO figure out a good way to deprecate this property name
            this.executionTimeoutInMilliseconds = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", builder.getExecutionIsolationThreadTimeoutInMilliseconds(), default_executionTimeoutInMilliseconds);
            this.executionTimeoutEnabled = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "execution.timeout.enabled", builder.getExecutionTimeoutEnabled(), default_executionTimeoutEnabled);
            this.executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnTimeout = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "execution.isolation.thread.interruptOnTimeout", builder.getExecutionIsolationThreadInterruptOnTimeout(), default_executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnTimeout);
            this.executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnFutureCancel = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "execution.isolation.thread.interruptOnFutureCancel", builder.getExecutionIsolationThreadInterruptOnFutureCancel(), default_executionIsolationThreadInterruptOnFutureCancel);
            this.executionIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "execution.isolation.semaphore.maxConcurrentRequests", builder.getExecutionIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests(), default_executionIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests);
            this.fallbackIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "fallback.isolation.semaphore.maxConcurrentRequests", builder.getFallbackIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests(), default_fallbackIsolationSemaphoreMaxConcurrentRequests);
            this.fallbackEnabled = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "fallback.enabled", builder.getFallbackEnabled(), default_fallbackEnabled);
            this.metricsRollingStatisticalWindowInMilliseconds = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "metrics.rollingStats.timeInMilliseconds", builder.getMetricsRollingStatisticalWindowInMilliseconds(), default_metricsRollingStatisticalWindow);
            this.metricsRollingStatisticalWindowBuckets = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "metrics.rollingStats.numBuckets", builder.getMetricsRollingStatisticalWindowBuckets(), default_metricsRollingStatisticalWindowBuckets);
            this.metricsRollingPercentileEnabled = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "metrics.rollingPercentile.enabled", builder.getMetricsRollingPercentileEnabled(), default_metricsRollingPercentileEnabled);
            this.metricsRollingPercentileWindowInMilliseconds = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "metrics.rollingPercentile.timeInMilliseconds", builder.getMetricsRollingPercentileWindowInMilliseconds(), default_metricsRollingPercentileWindow);
            this.metricsRollingPercentileWindowBuckets = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "metrics.rollingPercentile.numBuckets", builder.getMetricsRollingPercentileWindowBuckets(), default_metricsRollingPercentileWindowBuckets);
            this.metricsRollingPercentileBucketSize = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "metrics.rollingPercentile.bucketSize", builder.getMetricsRollingPercentileBucketSize(), default_metricsRollingPercentileBucketSize);
            this.metricsHealthSnapshotIntervalInMilliseconds = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "metrics.healthSnapshot.intervalInMilliseconds", builder.getMetricsHealthSnapshotIntervalInMilliseconds(), default_metricsHealthSnapshotIntervalInMilliseconds);
            this.requestCacheEnabled = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "requestCache.enabled", builder.getRequestCacheEnabled(), default_requestCacheEnabled);
            this.requestLogEnabled = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "requestLog.enabled", builder.getRequestLogEnabled(), default_requestLogEnabled);
    
            // threadpool doesn't have a global override, only instance level makes sense
            this.executionIsolationThreadPoolKeyOverride = forString().add(propertyPrefix + ".command." + key.name() + ".threadPoolKeyOverride", null).build();
        }

我们需要的超时处理设置：

this.executionTimeoutInMilliseconds = getProperty(propertyPrefix, key, "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds", builder.getExecutionIsolationThreadTimeoutInMilliseconds(), default_executionTimeoutInMilliseconds);

默认是一秒：

private static final Integer default_executionTimeoutInMilliseconds = 1000; // default => executionTimeoutInMilliseconds: 1000 = 1 second

现在知道这些参数是怎么设置的了吧，没必要记住这些参数，因为它太长了，需要的时候去查即可。

用Postman来访问`http://localhost:8002/getMessage`，可以得到如下图所示的界面，这说明我们的请求超时机制是有效的。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
其实Server服务还是把请求的逻辑处理完了，如果大家看了开头我推荐的[Hystrix原理][Hystrix]，应该就知道，Hystrix的资源隔离默认是线程池，这种方式通过将发送请求线程与执行请求线程分离，可有效防止发生级联故障。而线程池的主要缺点是增加了计算开销，每个命令的执行都在单独的线程完成，所以，在这里Server服务还是要处理完这些逻辑。

请求成功的情况就不演示了，把Server服务的getMessage接口中`Thread.sleep(2000);`删掉或者设置更长的超时时间即可。

还可以通过配置文件来设置超时时间：

hystrix:
      command:
        default:
          execution:
            isolation:
              thread:
                timeoutInMilliseconds: 1000
        # 通过方法名
        getMessage:
          execution:
            isolation:
              thread:
                timeoutInMilliseconds: 1000

既可以设置默认（全局）的超时时间，也可以通过方法名来设置方法单独的超时时间（使用注解`@HystrixCommand()`的方法），加了超时处理配置也需要在方法上加`@HystrixCommand()`注解，不然不会生效。

Spring Cloud 之Hystrix初使用就介绍到这里。

写博客是博主记录自己的学习过程，如果有错误，请指正，谢谢！

[Link 1]: https://kaven.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109063924
[Hystrix]: https://kaven.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109119926
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[Spring Cloud _RestTemplate]: https://kaven.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109103275
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