【Flutter 混合开发】与原生通信-BasicMessageChannel

青旅半醒 2022-12-17 05:23 197阅读 0赞

![20201022065957281.png][]

> Flutter 混合开发系列 包含如下：
> 
>  *  嵌入原生View-Android
>  *  嵌入原生View-iOS
>  *  与原生通信-MethodChannel
>  *  **与原生通信-BasicMessageChannel**
>  *  与原生通信-EventChannel
>  *  添加 Flutter 到 Android Activity
>  *  添加 Flutter 到 Android Fragment
>  *  添加 Flutter 到 iOS
> 
> 每个工作日分享一篇，欢迎关注、点赞及转发。

### 平台通信的3中方式 ###

Flutter 与 Native 端通信有如下3个方法：

*  **MethodChannel**：Flutter 与 Native 端相互调用，调用后可以返回结果，可以 Native 端主动调用，也可以Flutter主动调用，属于双向通信。此方式为最常用的方式， Native 端调用需要在主线程中执行。
 *  **BasicMessageChannel**：用于使用指定的编解码器对消息进行编码和解码，属于双向通信，可以 Native 端主动调用，也可以Flutter主动调用。
 *  **EventChannel**：用于数据流（event streams）的通信， Native 端主动发送数据给 Flutter，通常用于状态的监听，比如网络变化、传感器数据等。

### Flutter 端 ###

Flutter 端创建 **MethodChannel** 通道，用于与原生端通信：

var channel = BasicMessageChannel('com.flutter.guide.BasicMessageChannel',StandardMessageCodec());

**com.flutter.guide.BasicMessageChannel** 是 BasicMessageChannel 的名称，原生端要与之对应。

发送消息：

var result = await channel.send({'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});

*  参数类型任意，多个参数通常使用**Map**。
 *  返回 **Future**，原生端返回的数据。

完整代码：

class BasicMessageChannelDemo extends StatefulWidget {
      @override
      _BasicMessageChannelDemoState createState() => _BasicMessageChannelDemoState();
    }
    
    class _BasicMessageChannelDemoState extends State<BasicMessageChannelDemo> {
      var channel = BasicMessageChannel('com.flutter.guide.BasicMessageChannel',StandardMessageCodec());
    
      var _data;
    
      @override
      Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        return Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(),
          body: Column(
            children: [
              SizedBox(
                height: 50,
              ),
              RaisedButton(
                child: Text('发送数据到原生'),
                onPressed: () async {
                  var result = await channel.send({'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});
                  var name = result['name'];
                  var age = result['age'];
                  setState(() {
                    _data = '$name,$age';
                  });
                },
              ),
              Text('原生返回数据：$_data'),
            ],
          ),
        );
      }
    }

### Android 端 ###

android 下创建 **BasicMessageChannelDemo**：

class BasicMessageChannelDemo(messenger: BinaryMessenger) : BasicMessageChannel.MessageHandler<Any> {
    
        private var channel: BasicMessageChannel<Any>
    
        init {
            channel = BasicMessageChannel(messenger, "com.flutter.guide.BasicMessageChannel", StandardMessageCodec())
            channel.setMessageHandler(this)
        }
    
        override fun onMessage(message: Any?, reply: BasicMessageChannel.Reply<Any>) {
            val name = (message as Map<String, Any>)["name"]
            val age = (message as Map<String, Any>)["age"]
    
            var map = mapOf("name" to "hello,$name",
                    "age" to "$age"
            )
    
            reply.reply(map)
        }
    }

![2020102206595848.png][]

**onMessage** 方法在 Flutter 端调用 send 方法后调用，解析方法如下：

override fun onMessage(message: Any?, reply: BasicMessageChannel.Reply<Any>) {
            val name = (message as Map<String, Any>)["name"]
            val age = (message as Map<String, Any>)["age"]
    
            var map = mapOf("name" to "hello,$name",
                    "age" to "$age"
            )
    
            reply.reply(map)
        }

*  **message** 是传入的参数，由于 Flutter 端传入的是 Map，所以上面的解析按照 Map 解析。
 *  **reply.reply()** 是返回给 Flutter 的结果。

Flutter 端解析：

var result = await channel.send({'name': 'laomeng', 'age': 18});
    var name = result['name'];
    var age = result['age'];

> 两端的解析要相互对应。

在 **MainActivity** 启动：

class MainActivity : FlutterActivity() {
    
        override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {
            super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)
            BasicMessageChannelDemo(flutterEngine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger)
            flutterEngine.plugins.add(MyPlugin())
        }
    }

![20201022065958163.png][]

### iOS 端 ###

ios 下创建 **MethodChannelDemo**，按如下方式：

import Flutter
    import UIKit
    
    public class BasicMessageChannelDemo {
    
        var channel:FlutterBasicMessageChannel
    
        init(messenger: FlutterBinaryMessenger) {
            channel = FlutterBasicMessageChannel(name: "com.flutter.guide.BasicMessageChannel", binaryMessenger: messenger)
            channel.setMessageHandler { (message, reply) in
                if let dict = message as? Dictionary<String, Any> {
                    let name:String = dict["name"] as? String ?? ""
                    let age:Int = dict["age"] as? Int ?? -1
                    reply(["name":"hello,\(name)","age":age])
                }
            }  
        }  
    }

![20201022065959441.png][]

在 **AppDelegate** 启动：

import UIKit
    import Flutter
    
    @UIApplicationMain
    @objc class AppDelegate: FlutterAppDelegate {
      override func application(
        _ application: UIApplication,
        didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?
      ) -> Bool {
    
        let controller : FlutterViewController = window?.rootViewController as! FlutterViewController
        MethodChannelDemo(messenger: controller.binaryMessenger)
        BasicMessageChannelDemo(messenger: controller.binaryMessenger)
        GeneratedPluginRegistrant.register(with: self)
    
        return super.application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: launchOptions)
      }
    }

![20201022070000348.png][]

### 原生端主动发送消息给Flutter ###

##### Flutter 端接收数据 #####

@override
      void initState() {
        super.initState();
        channel.setMessageHandler((message) {
          setState(() {
            _nativeData = message['count'];
          });
        });
      }

##### Android 发送数据 #####

原生端启动定时器，每隔一秒向 Flutter 发送数据，Android 端代码：

class BasicMessageChannelDemo(var activity: Activity, messenger: BinaryMessenger) : BasicMessageChannel.MessageHandler<Any> {
    
        private var channel: BasicMessageChannel<Any>
        private var count = 0
    
        init {
            channel = BasicMessageChannel(messenger, "com.flutter.guide.BasicMessageChannel", StandardMessageCodec())
            channel.setMessageHandler(this)
            startTimer()
        }
    
    
        fun startTimer() {
            var timer = Timer().schedule(timerTask {
                activity.runOnUiThread {
                    var map = mapOf("count" to count++)
                    channel.send(map,object :BasicMessageChannel.Reply<Any>{
                        override fun reply(reply: Any?) {
    
                        }
                    })
                }
            }, 0, 1000)
    
        }
    
        override fun onMessage(message: Any?, reply: BasicMessageChannel.Reply<Any>) {
            val name = (message as Map<String, Any>)["name"]
            val age = (message as Map<String, Any>)["age"]
    
            var map = mapOf("name" to "hello,$name",
                    "age" to "$age"
            )
    
            reply.reply(map)
        }
    }

> 注意：Android 端发送数据要在**主现场**中调用，即：
> 
>     activity.runOnUiThread {
>               var map = mapOf("count" to count++)
>               channel.invokeMethod("timer", map)
>           }

启动修改如下：

class MainActivity : FlutterActivity() {
    
        override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {
            super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)
            BasicMessageChannelDemo(this,flutterEngine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger)
            flutterEngine.plugins.add(MyPlugin())
        }
    }

![20201022070001473.png][]

##### iOS 发送数据 #####

iOS 端启动定时器代码如下：

import Flutter
    import UIKit
    
    public class BasicMessageChannelDemo {
    
        var channel:FlutterBasicMessageChannel
        var count =  0
    
        init(messenger: FlutterBinaryMessenger) {
            channel = FlutterBasicMessageChannel(name: "com.flutter.guide.BasicMessageChannel", binaryMessenger: messenger)
            channel.setMessageHandler { (message, reply) in
                if let dict = message as? Dictionary<String, Any> {
                    let name:String = dict["name"] as? String ?? ""
                    let age:Int = dict["age"] as? Int ?? -1
                    reply(["name":"hello,\(name)","age":age])
                }
            }
            startTimer()
        }
    
        func startTimer() {
            var timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(timeInterval:1, target: self, selector:#selector(self.tickDown),userInfo:nil,repeats: true)
        }
        @objc func tickDown(){
            count += 1
            var args = ["count":count]
            channel.sendMessage(args) { (reply) in
    
            }
        }
    }

![20201022070001837.png][]

## 交流 ##

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[20201022065958163.png]: /images/20221123/b621f44ef23e4a97b7b5bbd201eff435.png
[20201022065959441.png]: /images/20221123/360fbe0f921141cebd4556c4c3537689.png
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