《Python Cookbook 3rd》笔记（2.16）：以指定列宽格式化字符串

电玩女神 2022-12-21 03:13 166阅读 0赞

# 以指定列宽格式化字符串 #

## 问题 ##

你有一些长字符串，想以指定的列宽将它们重新格式化。

## 解法 ##

使用 textwrap 模块来格式化字符串的输出。比如，假如你有下列的长字符串：

s = "Look into my eyes, look into my eyes, the eyes, the eyes, \
    the eyes, not around the eyes, don't look around the eyes, \
    look into my eyes, you're under."

下面演示使用 textwrap 格式化字符串的多种方式：

>>> import textwrap
    >>> print(textwrap.fill(s, 70))
    Look into my eyes, look into my eyes, the eyes, the eyes, the eyes,
    not around the eyes, don't look around the eyes, look into my eyes,
    you're under.
    >>> print(textwrap.fill(s, 40))
    Look into my eyes, look into my eyes,
    the eyes, the eyes, the eyes, not around
    the eyes, don't look around the eyes,
    look into my eyes, you're under.
    
    >>> print(textwrap.fill(s, 40, initial_indent=' '))
         Look into my eyes, look into my
    eyes, the eyes, the eyes, the eyes, not
    around the eyes, don't look around the
    eyes, look into my eyes, you're under.
    
    >>> print(textwrap.fill(s, 40, subsequent_indent=' '))
    Look into my eyes, look into my eyes,
         the eyes, the eyes, the eyes, not
         around the eyes, don't look around
         the eyes, look into my eyes, you're
         under.

## 讨论 ##

textwrap 模块对于字符串打印是非常有用的，特别是当你希望输出自动匹配终端大小的时候。你可以使用 os.get terminal size() 方法来获取终端的大小尺寸。比如：

>>> import os
    >>> os.get_terminal_size().columns
    80
    >>>

fill() 方法接受一些其他可选参数来控制tab，语句结尾等。 参阅 [textwrap.TextWrapper 文档][textwrap.TextWrapper] 获取更多内容。

[textwrap.TextWrapper]: https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/textwrap.html#textwrap.TextWrapper