mongo shell简介

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-12-22 06:12 120阅读 0赞

备注:  
MongoDB 4.2 版本

### 文章目录 ###

*  一.mongo shell连接MongoDB
 *  二.配置mongo shell
 *  三.使用 mongo Shell帮助

# 一.mongo shell连接MongoDB #

-- mongo shell连接本机MongoDB
    mongo
    -- mongo shell通过端口号连接本机MongoDB
    mongo --port 27017
    -- mongo shell通过ip及端口号连接MongoDB
    mongo --host mongodb0.example.com --port 28015
    eg:
    mongo --host 10.31.1.124 --port 27017
    mongo --host 10.31.1.124:27017
    
    --username   （用户名）
    --password     （密码）
    --authenticationDatabase  (认证数据库)

测试记录:

[root@10-31-1-124 mongodb]# mongo
    MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
    connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
    Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("8230936a-78e2-4c50-88a8-8adc43b8e83c") }
    MongoDB server version: 4.2.10
    Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
    For interactive help, type "help".
    For more comprehensive documentation, see
            https://docs.mongodb.com/
    Questions? Try the MongoDB Developer Community Forums
            https://community.mongodb.com
    Server has startup warnings: 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    ---
    Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
    metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
    
    The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
    and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
    improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
    
    To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
    To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
    ---
    
    > 
    
    [root@10-31-1-124 mongodb]# mongo --port 27017
    MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
    connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
    Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("56b04cfe-dfcb-4985-acb9-5fec408d0dde") }
    MongoDB server version: 4.2.10
    Server has startup warnings: 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.738+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
    2020-11-05T15:33:01.739+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    ---
    Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
    metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
    
    The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
    and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
    improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
    
    To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
    To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
    ---
    
    > 
    
    [root@10-31-1-124 ~]# mongo --host 10.31.1.124 --port 27017
    MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
    connecting to: mongodb://10.31.1.124:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
    2020-11-05T16:02:33.881+0800 E  QUERY    [js] Error: couldn't connect to server 10.31.1.124:27017, connection attempt failed: SocketException: Error connecting to 10.31.1.124:27017 :: caused by :: Connection refused :
    connect@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:353:17
    @(connect):2:6
    2020-11-05T16:02:33.883+0800 F  -        [main] exception: connect failed
    2020-11-05T16:02:33.883+0800 E  -        [main] exiting with code 1
    [root@10-31-1-124 ~]#

发现通过IP连接的发生了错误  
原因是绑定的Ip地址的问题，默认是127.0.0.1，多个IP地址用逗号分隔  
修改配置文件:

# network interfaces
    net:
      port: 27017
      bindIp: 10.31.1.124,127.0.0.1  # Enter 0.0.0.0,:: to bind to all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses or, alternatively, use the net.bindIpAll setting.

重新测试，发现无问题

[root@10-31-1-124 ~]# mongo --host 10.31.1.124 --port 27017
    MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
    connecting to: mongodb://10.31.1.124:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
    Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("06e9c28b-cbb5-4dc0-9fdd-d2801665454d") }
    MongoDB server version: 4.2.10
    Server has startup warnings: 
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] **          Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'.
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'.
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] **        We suggest setting it to 'never'
    2020-11-05T16:07:09.344+0800 I  CONTROL  [initandlisten] 
    ---
    Enable MongoDB's free cloud-based monitoring service, which will then receive and display
    metrics about your deployment (disk utilization, CPU, operation statistics, etc).
    
    The monitoring data will be available on a MongoDB website with a unique URL accessible to you
    and anyone you share the URL with. MongoDB may use this information to make product
    improvements and to suggest MongoDB products and deployment options to you.
    
    To enable free monitoring, run the following command: db.enableFreeMonitoring()
    To permanently disable this reminder, run the following command: db.disableFreeMonitoring()
    ---

# 二.配置mongo shell #

还有一些其它配置，目前看这个配置比较有用，先使用这个

自定义提示以显示数据库和主机名

host = db.serverStatus().host;
    
    prompt = function() {
                 return db+"@"+host+"$ ";
             }

测试记录:

> host = db.serverStatus().host;
    10-31-1-124
    > prompt = function() {
    ...              return db+"@"+host+"$ ";
    ...          }
    function() {
                 return db+"@"+host+"$ ";
             }
    test@10-31-1-124$ 
    test@10-31-1-124$

# 三.使用 mongo Shell帮助 #

-- 命令行帮助
    mongo --help
    -- shell 帮助
    help
    -- 数据库帮助
    show dbs
    db.help()
    -- 表级别的帮助
    show collections 
    db.collections.help()
    db.collection.save

测试记录:

[root@10-31-1-124 ~]# mongo --help
    MongoDB shell version v4.2.10
    usage: mongo [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js)]
    db address can be:
      foo                   foo database on local machine
      192.168.0.5/foo       foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine
      192.168.0.5:9999/foo  foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999
      mongodb://192.168.0.5:9999/foo  connection string URI can also be used
    Options:
      --ipv6                               enable IPv6 support (disabled by 
                                           default)
      --host arg                           server to connect to
      --port arg                           port to connect to
      -h [ --help ]                        show this usage information
      --version                            show version information
      --verbose                            increase verbosity
      --shell                              run the shell after executing files
      --nodb                               don't connect to mongod on startup - no 
                                           'db address' arg expected
      --norc                               will not run the ".mongorc.js" file on 
                                           start up
      --quiet                              be less chatty
      --eval arg                           evaluate javascript
      --disableJavaScriptJIT               disable the Javascript Just In Time 
                                           compiler
      --enableJavaScriptJIT                enable the Javascript Just In Time 
                                           compiler
      --disableJavaScriptProtection        allow automatic JavaScript function 
                                           marshalling
      --retryWrites                        automatically retry write operations 
                                           upon transient network errors
      --disableImplicitSessions            do not automatically create and use 
                                           implicit sessions
      --jsHeapLimitMB arg                  set the js scope's heap size limit
    
    Authentication Options:
      -u [ --username ] arg                username for authentication
      -p [ --password ] arg                password for authentication
      --authenticationDatabase arg         user source (defaults to dbname)
      --authenticationMechanism arg        authentication mechanism
      --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)   Service name to use when authenticating 
                                           using GSSAPI/Kerberos
      --gssapiHostName arg                 Remote host name to use for purpose of 
                                           GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
    
    FLE AWS Options:
      --awsAccessKeyId arg                 AWS Access Key for FLE Amazon KMS
      --awsSecretAccessKey arg             AWS Secret Key for FLE Amazon KMS
      --awsSessionToken arg                Optional AWS Session Token ID
      --keyVaultNamespace arg              database.collection to store encrypted 
                                           FLE parameters
      --kmsURL arg                         Test parameter to override the URL for 
                                           KMS
    
    TLS Options:
      --tls                                use TLS for all connections
      --tlsCertificateKeyFile arg          PEM certificate/key file for TLS
      --tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword arg  Password for key in PEM file for TLS
      --tlsCAFile arg                      Certificate Authority file for TLS
      --tlsCRLFile arg                     Certificate Revocation List file for TLS
      --tlsAllowInvalidHostnames           Allow connections to servers with 
                                           non-matching hostnames
      --tlsAllowInvalidCertificates        Allow connections to servers with 
                                           invalid certificates
      --tlsFIPSMode                        Activate FIPS 140-2 mode at startup
      --tlsDisabledProtocols arg           Comma separated list of TLS protocols to
                                           disable [TLS1_0,TLS1_1,TLS1_2]
    
    file names: a list of files to run. files have to end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified
    [root@10-31-1-124 ~]# 
    
    
    > help
            db.help()                    help on db methods
            db.mycoll.help()             help on collection methods
            sh.help()                    sharding helpers
            rs.help()                    replica set helpers
            help admin                   administrative help
            help connect                 connecting to a db help
            help keys                    key shortcuts
            help misc                    misc things to know
            help mr                      mapreduce
    
            show dbs                     show database names
            show collections             show collections in current database
            show users                   show users in current database
            show profile                 show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
            show logs                    show the accessible logger names
            show log [name]              prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default
            use <db_name>                set current database
            db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo
            db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )     list objects in foo where a == 1
            it                           result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
            DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x   set default number of items to display on shell
            exit                         quit the mongo shell
    > 
    
    > db.help()
    DB methods:
            db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runs command [just calls db.runCommand(...)]
            db.aggregate([pipeline], {options}) - performs a collectionless aggregation on this database; returns a cursor
            db.auth(username, password)
            db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) - will only function with MongoDB 4.0 and below
            db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command
            db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost) - will only function with MongoDB 4.0 and below
            db.createCollection(name, {size: ..., capped: ..., max: ...})
            db.createUser(userDocument)
            db.createView(name, viewOn, [{$operator: {...}}, ...], {viewOptions})
            db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db
            db.dropDatabase(writeConcern)
            db.dropUser(username)
            db.eval() - deprecated
            db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups
            db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()
            db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname
            db.getCollectionInfos([filter]) - returns a list that contains the names and options of the db's collections
            db.getCollectionNames()
            db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string
            db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object
            db.getLogComponents()
            db.getMongo() get the server connection object
            db.getMongo().setSecondaryOk() allow queries on a replication secondary server
            db.getName()
            db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated
            db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold
            db.getReplicationInfo()
            db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one
            db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this db, inherited from server object if set
            db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host
            db.isMaster() check replica primary status
            db.hello() check replica primary status
            db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db
            db.listCommands() lists all the db commands
            db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js
            db.logout()
            db.printCollectionStats()
            db.printReplicationInfo()
            db.printShardingStatus()
            db.printSecondaryReplicationInfo()
            db.resetError()
            db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command.  if cmdObj is a string, turns it into {cmdObj: 1}
            db.serverStatus()
            db.setLogLevel(level,<component>)
            db.setProfilingLevel(level,slowms) 0=off 1=slow 2=all
            db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output
            db.setWriteConcern(<write concern doc>) - sets the write concern for writes to the db
            db.shutdownServer()
            db.stats()
            db.unsetWriteConcern(<write concern doc>) - unsets the write concern for writes to the db
            db.version() current version of the server
            db.watch() - opens a change stream cursor for a database to report on all  changes to its non-system collections.
    >