Spring 属性注入 SpringBoot 类型安全属性注入

水深无声 2022-12-23 06:45 125阅读 0赞

# Spring 属性注入 #

1、首先我们需要去新建一个新的SpringBoot项目做测试，这一步就不做演示。

2、我们需要新建一个实体类 Book

public class Book { 
        private String name;
        private String author;
        private Integer age;
    
        @Override
        public String toString() { 
            return "book{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
        
        /**get&set方法省略**/
    }

3、我们在properties中进行属性注入参数的填写

book.name=西游记
    book.author=吴承恩
    book.age=99

4、修改Book实体，进行属性注入

@Component
    public class Book { 
        @Value("${book.name}")
        private String name;
        @Value("${book.author}")
        private String author;
        @Value("${book.age}")
        private Integer age;
    
        @Override
        public String toString() { 
            return "book{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
    }

5、进行单元测试

@SpringBootTest
    class PropertiesApplicationTests { 
    
        @Autowired
        private Book book;
        
        @Test
        void contextLoads() { 
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    
    }

6、进行新建专门属性注入文件-book.properties 文件 参数放入其中，文件创建在resources目录下

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM0MDM3MjY0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

7、再次修改Book实体

@Component
    @PropertySource("classpath:book.properties")
    public class Book { 
        @Value("${book.name}")
        private String name;
        @Value("${book.author}")
        private String author;
        @Value("${book.age}")
        private Integer age;
    
        @Override
        public String toString() { 
            return "book{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
        }
        /**set&get省略 自行添加**/
    }

8、重新进行单元测试 代码不变  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM0MDM3MjY0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

9、如在测试遇到乱码错误，可参考下图修改IDEA编辑器配置

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM0MDM3MjY0_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

# SpringBoot类型安全属性注入 #

1、修改Java实体Book代码即可

@Component
    @PropertySource("classpath:book.properties")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "book")
    public class Book { 
        //@Value("${book.name}")
        private String name;
        //@Value("${book.author}")
        private String author;
        //@Value("${book.age}")
        private Integer age;
    
        @Override
        public String toString() { 
            return "book{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                    ", age=" + age +
                    '}';
         }
    }

2、按照之前的测试方式测试，无问题。

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