嵌入式Linux--驱动开发板环境构建

柔光的暖阳◎ 2022-12-29 04:40 248阅读 0赞

### 目录 ###

*  一、编译工程
 *  二、编译Kernel工程
 *  三、编译U-Boot工程
 *  四、复制到烧录软件
 *  五、查看基本信息
 *  六、配置开发板自定义配置
 *   *  1、默认的配置
     *  2、自定义配置
     *   *  （1）配置开发板网络信息
         *  （2）设置从EMMC上加载指定内核和设备树文件
         *  （3）设置从nfs服务器上加载根文件系统

# 一、编译工程 #

*  Kernel工程：**linux-imx-rel\_imx\_4.1.15\_2.1.0\_ga\_alientek.tar.bz2**
 *  U-Boot工程：**uboot-imx-rel\_imx\_4.1.15\_2.1.0\_ga\_alientek.tar.bz2**
 *  设备树文件：
 *  自己制作的最小文件系统：

# 二、编译Kernel工程 #

*  解压压缩文件：linux-imx-rel\_imx\_4.1.15\_2.1.0\_ga\_alientek.tar.bz2
 *  
 *  1、清除：`make clean`
 *  2、编译脚本：`make ./mx6ull_alientek_emmc.sh`
 *  3、输出文件：
    
     *  内核映像文件：`arch/arm/boot/`下的`zImage`
     *  设备树文件：`arch/arm/boot/dts`下的`imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb`文件

mx6ull\_alientek\_emmc.sh

#!/bin/sh
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- distclean
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- imx_alientek_emmc_defconfig
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- all -j16

# 三、编译U-Boot工程 #

*  1、清除：`make clean`
 *  2、编译脚本：`./mx6ull_alientek_emmc.sh`
 *  3、输出文件：根目录下的`u-boot.imx`

mx6ull\_alientek\_emmc.sh

#!/bin/bash
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- distclean
    make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- mx6ull_alientek_emmc_defconfig
    make V=0  ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j16

# 四、复制到烧录软件 #

![在这里插入图片描述][20201220171709722.png_pic_center]

修改ucl2.xml文件

<UCL>
      <CFG>
    	<STATE name="BootStrap" dev="MX6UL" vid="15A2" pid="007D"/>
        <STATE name="BootStrap" dev="MX6ULL" vid="15A2" pid="0080"/>
        <STATE name="Updater" dev="MSC" vid="066F" pid="37FF"/>
      </CFG>
    
      <LIST name="eMMC" desc="Choose eMMC as media">
    	<CMD state="BootStrap" type="boot" body="BootStrap" file ="firmware/u-boot-imx6ull-14x14-emmc.imx" ifdev="MX6ULL">Loading U-boot</CMD>
    		
    	<CMD state="BootStrap" type="load" file="firmware/zImage" address="0x80800000" loadSection="OTH" setSection="OTH" HasFlashHeader="FALSE" ifdev="MX6ULL">Loading Kernel.</CMD>
    
    	<CMD state="BootStrap" type="load" file="firmware/fsl-image-mfgtool-initramfs-imx_mfgtools.cpio.gz.u-boot" address="0x83800000" loadSection="OTH" setSection="OTH" HasFlashHeader="FALSE" ifdev="MX6ULL">Loading Initramfs.</CMD>
    
    	<CMD state="BootStrap" type="load" file="firmware/imx6ull-14x14-emmc.dtb" address="0x83000000" loadSection="OTH" setSection="OTH" HasFlashHeader="FALSE" ifdev="MX6ULL">Loading device tree.</CMD>
    
    	<CMD state="BootStrap" type="jump" > Jumping to OS image. </CMD>
    
    
    	
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="send" file="mksdcard.sh.tar">Sending partition shell</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ tar -xf $FILE "> Partitioning...</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ sh mksdcard.sh /dev/mmcblk1"> Partitioning...</CMD>
    
    	
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk1 bs=1k seek=768 conv=fsync count=8">clear u-boot env</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ echo 0 > /sys/block/mmcblk1boot0/force_ro">access boot partition 1</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="send" file="files/boot/u-boot.imx" ifdev="MX6ULL">Sending u-boot.bin</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ dd if=$FILE of=/dev/mmcblk1boot0 bs=512 seek=2">write U-Boot to sd card</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ echo 1 > /sys/block/mmcblk1boot0/force_ro"> re-enable read-only access </CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ mmc bootpart enable 1 1 /dev/mmcblk1">enable boot partion 1 to boot</CMD>
    
    	
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ while [ ! -e /dev/mmcblk1p1 ]; do sleep 1; echo \"waiting...\"; done ">Waiting for the partition ready</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/mmcblk1p1">Formatting rootfs partition</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ mkdir -p /mnt/mmcblk1p1"/>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ mount -t vfat /dev/mmcblk1p1 /mnt/mmcblk1p1"/>
    
    	
    	
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="send" file="files/boot/zImage">Sending kernel zImage</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ cp $FILE /mnt/mmcblk1p1/zImage">write kernel image to sd card</CMD>
    
    	
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="send" file="files/boot/imx6ull-14x14-emmc-4.3-800x480-c.dtb" ifdev="MX6ULL">Sending Device Tree file</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ cp $FILE /mnt/mmcblk1p1/imx6ull-14x14-emmc-4.3-800x480-c.dtb" ifdev="MX6ULL">write device tree to eMMC card</CMD>
    	
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="send" file="files/boot/imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb" ifdev="MX6ULL">Sending Device Tree file</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ cp $FILE /mnt/mmcblk1p1/imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb" ifdev="MX6ULL">write device tree to eMMC card</CMD>
    	
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ sleep 1">delay</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ sync">Sync...</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ umount /mnt/mmcblk1p1">Unmounting vfat partition</CMD>
    
    	
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ mkfs.ext3 -F -E nodiscard /dev/mmcblk1p2">Formatting rootfs partition</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ mkdir -p /mnt/mmcblk1p2"/>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ mount -t ext3 /dev/mmcblk1p2 /mnt/mmcblk1p2"/>
    
    	
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="pipe tar -jxv -C /mnt/mmcblk1p2" file="files/filesystem/rootfs.tar.bz2" ifdev="MX6ULL">Sending and writting rootfs</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="frf">Finishing rootfs write</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="send" file="files/modules/modules.tar.bz2" ifdev="MX6ULL">Sending Modules file</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ mkdir -p /mnt/mmcblk1p2/lib/modules">Mkdir -p /mnt/mmcblk1p2/lib/modules</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ tar jxf $FILE -C /mnt/mmcblk1p2/lib/modules/" ifdev="MX6ULL">tar Modules file</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ sleep 1">delay</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ sync">Sync...</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ umount /mnt/mmcblk1p2">Unmounting rootfs partition</CMD>
    	<CMD state="Updater" type="push" body="$ echo Update Complete!">Done</CMD>
      </LIST>
    </UCL>

# 五、查看基本信息 #

=> print
    baudrate=115200
    board_name=EVK
    board_rev=14X14
    boot_fdt=try
    bootcmd=run findfdt;mmc dev ${mmcdev};mmc dev ${mmcdev}; if mmc rescan; then if run loadbootscript; then run bootscript; else if run loadimage; then run mmcboot; else run netboot; fi; fi; else run netboot; fi
    bootcmd_mfg=run mfgtool_args;bootz ${loadaddr} ${initrd_addr} ${fdt_addr};
    bootdelay=3
    bootscript=echo Running bootscript from mmc ...; source
    console=ttymxc0
    ethact=FEC1
    ethprime=FEC
    fdt_addr=0x83000000
    fdt_file=undefined
    fdt_high=0xffffffff
    findfdt=if test $fdt_file = undefined; then setenv fdt_file imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb; fi;
    image=zImage
    initrd_addr=0x83800000
    initrd_high=0xffffffff
    ip_dyn=yes
    loadaddr=0x80800000
    loadbootscript=fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:${mmcpart} ${loadaddr} ${script};
    loadfdt=fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:${mmcpart} ${fdt_addr} ${fdt_file}
    loadimage=fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:${mmcpart} ${loadaddr} ${image}
    mfgtool_args=setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} rdinit=/linuxrc g_mass_storage.stall=0 g_mass_storage.removable=1 g_mass_storage.file=/fat g_mass_storage.ro=1 g_mass_storage.idVendor=0x066F g_mass_storage.idProduct=0x37FF g_mass_storage.iSerialNumber="" clk_ignore_unused
    mmcargs=setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} root=${mmcroot}
    mmcautodetect=yes
    mmcboot=echo Booting from mmc ...; run mmcargs; if test ${boot_fdt} = yes || test ${boot_fdt} = try; then if run loadfdt; then bootz ${loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr}; else if test ${boot_fdt} = try; then bootz; else echo WARN: Cannot load the DT; fi; fi; else bootz; fi;
    mmcdev=1
    mmcpart=1
    mmcroot=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rootwait rw
    netargs=setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} root=/dev/nfs ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp
    netboot=echo Booting from net ...; run netargs; if test ${ip_dyn} = yes; then setenv get_cmd dhcp; else setenv get_cmd tftp; fi; ${get_cmd} ${image}; if test ${boot_fdt} = yes || test ${boot_fdt} = try; then if ${get_cmd} ${fdt_addr} ${fdt_file}; then bootz ${loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr}; else if test ${boot_fdt} = try; then bootz; else echo WARN: Cannot load the DT; fi; fi; else bootz; fi;
    panel=TFT7016
    script=boot.scr
    
    Environment size: 2188/8188 bytes

# 六、配置开发板自定义配置 #

启动位置

加载位置

挂载位置

启动位置

挂载位置

长方形

U-Boot

Kernel

Dtb

Filesystem

本地位置

网络位置

本地位置

网络位置

本地位置

网络位置

本地位置

EMMC/SD

NAND Flash

NOR Flash

网络位置

NFS服务器

TFT服务器

*  U-Boot只能从开发板上的ROM里面启动。
 *  内核：从某个存储位置
 *  文件系统：

## 1、默认的配置 ##

默认的配置可以从开机信息中查看得到，

U-Boot 2016.03 (Dec 19 2020 - 23:32:10 +0800)
    
    CPU:   Freescale i.MX6ULL rev1.1 69 MHz (running at 396 MHz)
    CPU:   Industrial temperature grade (-40C to 105C) at 33C
    Reset cause: POR
    Board: MX6ULL ALIENTEK EMMC
    I2C:   ready
    DRAM:  512 MiB
    MMC:   FSL_SDHC: 0, FSL_SDHC: 1
    *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
    
    Display: TFT7016 (1024x600)
    Video: 1024x600x24
    In:    serial
    Out:   serial
    Err:   serial
    switch to partitions #0, OK
    mmc1(part 0) is current device
    Net:   FEC1
    Error: FEC1 address not set.
    
    Normal Boot
    Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
    switch to partitions #0, OK
    mmc1(part 0) is current device
    switch to partitions #0, OK
    mmc1(part 0) is current device
    reading boot.scr
    ** Unable to read file boot.scr **
    reading zImage
    5901752 bytes read in 196 ms (28.7 MiB/s)
    Booting from mmc ...
    reading imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb
    39280 bytes read in 17 ms (2.2 MiB/s)
    Kernel image @ 0x80800000 [ 0x000000 - 0x5a0db8 ]
    ## Flattened Device Tree blob at 83000000
       Booting using the fdt blob at 0x83000000
       Using Device Tree in place at 83000000, end 8300c96f
    
    Starting kernel ...

## 2、自定义配置 ##

### （1）配置开发板网络信息 ###

一块新的开发板都要设置这个才能和服务器通信，具体要看自己的网络环境：

setenv ipaddr 192.168.0.121
    setenv ethaddr de:b4:7c:de:dc:07
    setenv gatewayip 192.168.0.1
    setenv netmask 255.255.255.0
    setenv serverip 192.168.0.120
    saveenv

### （2）设置从EMMC上加载指定内核和设备树文件 ###

在移植U-Boot和Kernel的时候，这个不可以缺少的，在调试移植的kernel和dtb文件的时候不会将未确认好的文件写入存储设备，只会在U-Boot命令行下将修改版的kernel和dtb文件下载到内存中然后运行试一试，在完全确认好以后就可以在U-Boot的命令行模式下，可以通过U-Boot更新存储设备上的U-Boot、Kernel和Dtb文件，而不需要重新烧录。

`setenv bootcmd 'fatload mmc 1:1 80800000 zImage; fatload mmc 1:1 83000000 imx6ull-liefyuan-emmc.dtb; bootz 80800000 - 83000000'`

setenv bootcmd 'fatload mmc 1:1 80800000 zImage; fatload mmc 1:1 83000000 imx6ull-liefyuan-emmc.dtb; bootz 80800000 - 83000000'
    saveenv
    boot

咋改回默认的呢？

### （3）设置从nfs服务器上加载根文件系统 ###

这个设置在开发阶段是必不可少的！因为文件系统需要根据需求随时添加各种文件来满足功能上的需求，这个过程是动态的，在开发的最后阶段再将服务器上根文件系统打包好，用于烧录进开发板的存储芯片内。

`setenv bootargs 'console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.0.120:/home/liefyuan/linux/nfs/rootfs,proto=tcp rw ip=192.168.0.121:192.168.1.120:192.168.0.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off'`

setenv bootargs 'console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.0.120:/home/liefyuan/linux/nfs/rootfs,proto=tcp rw ip=192.168.0.121:192.168.1.120:192.168.0.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off' 
    saveenv

咋改回默认的呢？

setenv bootargs 'console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rootwait'
    
    setenv bootargs 'console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rootwait rw/sys/firmware/devicetree/base/chosen'

[20201220171709722.png_pic_center]: /images/20221120/9fb00af631d44479b054a3ee148b7ec1.png