rust 模块/文件/project

╰半夏微凉° 2022-12-31 12:21 134阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  一. project
 *   *  1.1 利用cargo创建project
     *  1.2 引入包依赖 例: 使用rand包生成随机数
 *  二. 跨文件的使用模块

# 一. project #

## 1.1 利用cargo创建project ##

*  利用`cargo`管理`rust`的`project`是非常方便的

$ cargo new test1 # 创建工程名为test1的project
         Created binary (application) `test1` package
    $ cd test1/ # 进入到工程中
    test1$ tree # 打印工程文件树
    .
    ├── Cargo.toml # 配置文件, 比如你要引用什么包,在这里面进行设置
    └── src # 存放代码的文件夹
        └── main.rs
    
    1 directory, 2 files
    test1$ cargo run # 编译运行project, 因为默认创建工程的时候默认print hello word
       Compiling test1 v0.1.0 (/mnt/e/10_static_vulnerability_test/rust/code/test1)
        Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.53s
         Running `target/debug/test1`
    Hello, world! # 执行结果

## 1.2 引入包依赖 例: 使用rand包生成随机数 ##

*  与python的import numpy相似  
    修改文件`Cargo.toml`里面的依赖选项就可以插入包, 此外这个包在该工程中就可以任意使用了
 *  如下所示, 引入rand包, 在函数中可以直接使用,`rand::random`等方法

[package]
    name = "test1"
    version = "0.1.0"
    authors = ["nwu_zjq <xxx@qq.com>"]
    edition = "2018"
    
    # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
    
    [dependencies]
    rand = "0.7.0"

例如:

// main.rs
    // 如果不喜欢这样用 可以rand::random()
    // 可以使用use引入
    use rand::random;
    // 也可以直接引入所有的方法
    use rand::*;
    
    fn main() {
    	let random_boolean = rand::random();
        println!("You {}!", if random_boolean { "win" } else { "lose" });
    
        let random_int = thread_rng();
        println!("{:?}", random_int);
    
        println!("Hello, world!");
    }

# 命令行执行
    test1$ cargo run
        Updating crates.io index
       Compiling libc v0.2.81
       Compiling getrandom v0.1.15
       Compiling cfg-if v0.1.10
       Compiling ppv-lite86 v0.2.10
       Compiling rand_core v0.5.1
       Compiling rand_chacha v0.2.2
       Compiling rand v0.7.3
       Compiling test1 v0.1.0 (/mnt/e/10_static_vulnerability_test/rust/code/test1)
        Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 9.43s
         Running `target/debug/test1`
    You win!
    Hello, world!
    test1$

# 二. 跨文件的使用模块 #

*  如在A文件中定义实现了类A, 在B中可以调用A

// back_of_house.rs
    pub struct Breakfast {
       pub toast: String,
       seasonal_fruit: String,
    }
    
    impl Breakfast {
       pub fn summer(toast: &str) -> Breakfast {
           Breakfast {
               toast: String::from(toast),
               seasonal_fruit: String::from("peaches"),
           }
       }
    }
       
    pub fn message() -> String {
       String::from("我是你爸爸")
    }

// main.rs
    mod back_of_house; // 引用文件back_of_house中的函数和类
    
    pub fn eat_at_restaurant() {
        let mut meal = back_of_house::Breakfast::summer("Rye");
        meal.toast = String::from("Wheat");
        println!("I'd like {} toast please", meal.toast);
    }
    
    fn main() {
    	eat_at_restaurant();
    	println!("{:?}", back_of_house::message());
    }

上面的两个文件等同于

// mod back_of_house;
    mod back_of_house{
    	pub struct Breakfast {
    	    pub toast: String,
    	    seasonal_fruit: String,
    	}
    
    	impl Breakfast {
    	    pub fn summer(toast: &str) -> Breakfast {
    	        Breakfast {
    	            toast: String::from(toast),
    	            seasonal_fruit: String::from("peaches"),
    	        }
    	    }
    	}
    	    
    	pub fn message() -> String {
    	    String::from("我是你爸爸")
    	}
    }
    
    pub fn eat_at_restaurant() {
        let mut meal = back_of_house::Breakfast::summer("Rye");
        meal.toast = String::from("Wheat");
        println!("I'd like {} toast please", meal.toast);
    }
    
    fn main() {
    	eat_at_restaurant();
    	println!("{:?}", back_of_house::message());
    	let random_boolean = rand::random();
        println!("You {}!", if random_boolean { "win" } else { "lose" });
    }