C++学习笔记 （五）标准模板库STL之容器

末蓝、 2023-01-04 14:54 288阅读 0赞

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2.迭代器种类

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一.string容器

（一）vector

1.容器之vector

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2.vector容器中存放自定义数据类型

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3.vector容器嵌套容器

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（二）string

1.string容器

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2.string赋值操作

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3.字符串拼接

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4.字符串查找与替换

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5.string字符串比较

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6.string字符存取

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7.string插入和删除

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8.string子串

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二.vector容器

注： vector data（）的用法

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1.vector数据结构与数组非常相似，也称单端数组。不同的是，数组是静态空间，vector可以是动态扩展（动态扩展不是在原空间之后续接新空间，而是找更大的内存空间，然后把原数据拷贝到新空间，并释放原空间）。

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2.vector赋值

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3.vector容量和大小

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4.vector插入和删除

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5.vector数据存取

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6.vector互换容器（实现两个容器内元素的互换）

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注：swap可以做两个容器互换，可达实用的收缩内存的效果

7.vector预留空间

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注：如果数据量较大，可以一开始用reserve预留空间。

三. deque容器

是双端数组，可以对头端进行插入删除。

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1.deque构造函数

与vector的基本一致。

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2.deque赋值

与vector的基本相同。

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3.deque大小操作

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4.deque插入与删除

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5.deque数据存取

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6.deque排序

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举例：

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四.stack 栈容器

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1.stack常用接口

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五.queue 队列容器

只有队头与队尾能被外界访问，故不能遍历。

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1.queue常用接口

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六.list 链表容器

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在STL中的链表都是双向循环链表

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1.list构造函数

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2.list赋值与交换

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3.list大小操作

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4.list插入与删除

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20210108212522209.png

5.list数据存取

20200128100751715.png

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6.list反转和排序

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20210108215708259.png

排序案例

20210108215847376.png

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2021010822295431.png

七.set/multiset容器

所有元素在插入时都会自动被排序。

本质：都属于关联式容器，底层结构是用二叉树实现的。

二者区别：set不允许容器里有重复元素，multiset可以。

1.set构造与赋值

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20210108235043619.png

2.set大小与交换

20200128111404133.png

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3.set插入与删除

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20210109000545843.png

4.set查找与统计

20201212140248504.png

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20210109005130938.png

5.set与multiset区别

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20210109010638413.png

6.pair对组创建

成对出现的数据，利用对组可以返回两个数据。

20200128120324724.png

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20210109120652736.png

7.set容器排序

利用仿函数可以指定set容器的排序规则。

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（1）内置类型指定排序规则

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20210109122827202.png

（2）自定义数据类型指定排序规则

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20210109130233421.png

八.map与multimap

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1.map构造与赋值

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20210109133249402.png

2.map大小与交换

20200128124319402.png

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20210109134531243.png

3.map插入与删除

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20210109143509227.png

4.map查找与统计

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20210109145251839.png

5.map容器排序

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20210109150237832.png

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举例：

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