『开发技巧』解决Python使用pandas读取xlsx文件报错“ImportError: Missing optional dependency ‘xlrd‘”的问题

朱雀 2023-01-13 09:22 328阅读 0赞

## 0x01:引子 ##

笔者在使用Mac进行Python开发时使用pandas读取xlsx文件遇到这个错误:

**ImportError: Missing optional dependency 'xlrd'. Install xlrd >= 1.0.0 for Excel support Use pip or conda to install xlrd.**

看似简单直接安装xlrd即可，实则在操作过程中并不顺利，又报出其他错误。笔者在这里分享一下自己遇到问题及解决步骤。

## 0x02:历程 ##

按照提示“**Use pip or conda to install xlrd.**”，这里笔者使用pip安装，命令行指令如下：

pip install xlrd

输出为：可以看出，安装的为2.0.1版本xlrd，已满足xlrd >= 1.0.0的需求。

(ml) bash-3.2$ pip install xlrd
    Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
    Collecting xlrd
      Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/a6/0c/c2a72d51fe56e08a08acc85d13013558a2d793028ae7385448a6ccdfae64/xlrd-2.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (96 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 96 kB 1.1 MB/s 
    Installing collected packages: xlrd
    Successfully installed xlrd-2.0.1

可是在执行代码时，还是报出以下错误：

(ml) bash-3.2$ python demo.py 
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "demo.py", line 6, in <module>
        datas = pd.read_excel("data.xlsx")
      File "/Users/song/miniforge3/envs/ml/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.py", line 299, in wrapper
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
      File "/Users/song/miniforge3/envs/ml/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py", line 336, in read_excel
        io = ExcelFile(io, storage_options=storage_options, engine=engine)
      File "/Users/song/miniforge3/envs/ml/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py", line 1080, in __init__
        raise ValueError(
    ValueError: Your version of xlrd is 2.0.1. In xlrd >= 2.0, only the xls format is supported. Install openpyxl instead.

**关键信息：Your version of xlrd is 2.0.1. In xlrd >= 2.0, only the xls format is supported. Install openpyxl instead.**

xlrd版本问题，大于等于2.0时，仅支持xls格式，建议安装openpyxl。

**其实有两种解决方法**：

*  对xlrd进行降级用来支持xlsx
 *  安装openpyxl替代对xlrd依赖

笔者这里选择的是对xlrd降级操作，安装1.0版本xlrd，指令：pip install xlrd==1.0

> 提示：1.”==“符号用于指定版本，注意是双等于号，这里与conda单等于号不同。2.在使用pip降级安装时，不用手动卸载高版本，系统会直接替换。

(ml) bash-3.2$ pip install xlrd==1
    Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
    Collecting xlrd==1
      Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/0c/b0/8946fe3f9c2690c164aaa88dfd43b56347d3cdeac34124b988acd1aaa151/xlrd-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (143 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 143 kB 150 kB/s 
    Installing collected packages: xlrd
      Attempting uninstall: xlrd
        Found existing installation: xlrd 2.0.0
        Uninstalling xlrd-2.0.0:
          Successfully uninstalled xlrd-2.0.0
    Successfully installed xlrd-1.0.0

笔者这里安装了1.0版本，不太幸运的是在运行又出错了~~，如下：

(ml) bash-3.2$ python demo.py 
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "demo.py", line 6, in <module>
        datas = pd.read_excel("data.xlsx")
      File "/Users/song/miniforge3/envs/ml/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.py", line 299, in wrapper
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
      File "/Users/song/miniforge3/envs/ml/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py", line 336, in read_excel
        io = ExcelFile(io, storage_options=storage_options, engine=engine)
      File "/Users/song/miniforge3/envs/ml/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pandas/io/excel/_base.py", line 1052, in __init__
        xlrd_version = LooseVersion(xlrd.__version__)
    AttributeError: module 'xlrd' has no attribute '__version__'

继续设法解决，笔者考虑，可能是1.0版本过旧的缘故。笔者试着安装了1.x版本。尝试几次后，安装了1.2：

(ml) bash-3.2$ pip install xlrd==1.8
    Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
    ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement xlrd==1.8
    ERROR: No matching distribution found for xlrd==1.8
    (ml) bash-3.2$ pip install xlrd==1.6
    Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
    ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement xlrd==1.6
    ERROR: No matching distribution found for xlrd==1.6
    (ml) bash-3.2$ pip install xlrd==1.2
    Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
    Collecting xlrd==1.2
      Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/b0/16/63576a1a001752e34bf8ea62e367997530dc553b689356b9879339cf45a4/xlrd-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (103 kB)
         |████████████████████████████████| 103 kB 61 kB/s 
    Installing collected packages: xlrd
      Attempting uninstall: xlrd
        Found existing installation: xlrd 1.0.0
        Uninstalling xlrd-1.0.0:
          Successfully uninstalled xlrd-1.0.0
    Successfully installed xlrd-1.2.0

此时读取就正常了。

## 0x03：后记 ##

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