Elasticsearch 基本查询

╰+哭是因爲堅強的太久メ 2023-01-14 01:50 117阅读 0赞

注：本实例代码是在ES marvel插件中执行

\# 初始化索引  
GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/library/   
\{  
  "settings" :\{  
    "index": \{  
      "number\_of\_shards": 5,  
      "number\_of\_replicas": 1  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
\# 通过GET 带上参数\_settings可以获得该索引详细的配置信息  
GET /library/\_settings  
   
GET /library,lebron/\_settings  
   
GET  /\_all/\_settings  
   
   
\# 创建一个指定ID的索引  
PUT /library/books/2  
\{  
  "title": "ES Search learn 07.",  
  "name": \{  
    "first" : "Zachary",  
    "last": "Tong"  
  \},  
  "publish\_date": "2018-11-11",  
  "price":"35.99"  
\}  
   
\# 创建一个不指定ID的索引  
POST /library/books/  
\{  
  "title": "ES Search learn 006.",  
  "name": \{  
    "first" : "Zachary",  
    "last": "Tong"  
  \},  
  "publish\_date": "2018-11-11",  
  "price":"35.99"  
\}  
   
\# 查询数据  
GET /library/books/1  
GET /library/books/2  
GET /library/books/AWcCiCek-RVw3Ht8UZoN  
   
\# 查询指定列数据  
GET /library/books/1?\_source=title  
GET /library/books/1?\_source=title,price  
GET /library/books/1?\_source  
   
   
\# 更新（直接覆盖的方式）  
PUT /library/books/3  
\{  
  "title": "ES Search learn 07.",  
  "name": \{  
    "first" : "Zachary",  
    "last": "Tong"  
  \},  
  "publish\_date": "2018-11-11",  
  "price":"55.99"  
\}  
   
   
\# 通过\_update api 的方式单独更新想要更新的字段  
POST /library/books/2/\_update  
\{  
  "doc": \{  
    "price": 10  
  \}  
\}  
   
GET /library/books/2  
   
\# 删除一个文档  
DELETE /library/books/1  
   
GET /library/books/1  
   
\# 删除type  
GET /library/books  
   
\# 删除索引  
GET /library  
   
   
   
\# 通过\_mget获取多个文档  
GET /\_mget  
\{  
  "docs": \[  
      \{  
        "\_index": "library",  
        "\_type": "books",  
        "\_id": 1  
      \},  
      \{  
        "\_index": "library",  
        "\_type": "books",  
        "\_id": 2,  
        "\_source": \["title", "price"\]  
      \}  
    \]  
\}  
   
GET /library/books/\_mget  
\{  
  "ids": \["1", "2"\]  
\}  
   
   
\# 多重模式  
\# 批量操作bulk  
POST /library/books/\_bulk  
\{ "index": \{"\_id": 5\}\}  
\{ "title": "java", "price": "5"\}  
\{ "index": \{"\_id": 6\}\}  
\{ "title": "elasticsearch", "price": "5"\}  
\{ "index": \{"\_id": 7\}\}  
\{ "title": "python", "price": "5"\}  
\{ "index": \{"\_id": 8\}\}  
\{ "title": "perl", "price": "5"\}  
\{ "index": \{"\_id": 9\}\}  
\{ "title": "ruby", "price": ""\}  
   
GET /library/  
   
GET /library/books/\_mget  
\{  
  "ids" : \["1", "2", "3", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"\]  
\}  
   
   
   
POST /library/books/\_bulk  
\{"delete" : \{ "\_index": "library", "\_type": "books", "\_id": "3"\}\}  
\{"create": \{ "\_index": "music", "\_type": "classical", "\_id": "1"\}\}  
\{"title": "Ave Verum Corpus"\}  
\{"index": \{ "\_index": "music", "\_type": "classical"\}\}  
\{"title": "Litaniac de Venerabili Altaris Sacromento"\}  
\{"update": \{ "\_index": "library", "\_type": "books", "\_id": "2"\}\}  
\{"doc": \{ "price": "18"\}\}  
   
   
GET /library/books/3  
   
GET /library/books/\_mget  
\{  
  "ids" : \[ "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"\]  
\}  
   
GET /music/classical/\_mget  
\{  
  "ids": \["1", "AWcFsZwe-RVw3Ht8UoEu"\]  
\}  
   
   
\# version 版本控制  
\# 内部版本控制  
\# 版本号自增，查询指定版本号必须为当前版本号(为操作校验)  
PUT /library/books/1  
\{  
  "title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide",  
  "name": \{  
    "first" : "Zachary",  
    "last" : "Tong"  
  \},  
  "publish\_date" : "2018-11-12"  
\}  
   
GET /library/books/1  
   
POST /library/books/1/\_update  
\{  
  "doc": \{  
    "price": 12  
  \}  
\}  
   
POST /library/books/1/\_update?version=4  
\{  
  "doc": \{  
    "price": 12  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# 外部版本控制  
\# 指定版本号必须大于当前版本号(为指定新的操作版本号)  
PUT /library/books/1?version=5&version\_type=external  
\{  
  "title": "Elasticsearch: The Definitive Guide",  
  "name" : \{  
    "first": "Zachary",  
    "last" : "Tong"  
  \},  
  "publish\_date": "2018-11-12",  
  "price": "20"  
\}  
   
GET /library/books/1  
   
   
   
   
\# 建立映射  
POST /library2  
\{  
  "settings": \{  
    "number\_of\_shards": 5,  
    "number\_of\_replicas": 1  
  \},  
  "mappings": \{  
    "books": \{  
      "properties": \{  
      "title": \{"type": "string"\},  
      "name": \{"type": "string", "index": "not\_analyzed"\},  
      "publish\_date": \{"type": "date", "index": "not\_analyzed"\},  
      "price": \{"type": "double"\},  
      "number": \{"type": "integer"\}  
     \}  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
GET /library2  
   
   
\# 动态映射  
\# 首先需要在根对象中添加"dynamic": "strict", 然后在字段对象中添加"dynamic": true, 且字段对象中的类型为object  
PUT /library2  
\{  
  "mappings": \{  
    "books": \{  
      "dynamic": "strict",  
      "properties": \{  
      "title": \{"type": "string"\},  
      "name": \{"type": "string", "index": "not\_analyzed"\},  
      "publish\_date": \{"type": "date", "index": "not\_analyzed"\},  
      "price": \{"type": "double"\},  
      "number": \{  
        "type": "object",  
        "dynamic": true  
      \}  
     \}  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
   
\# 管理映射  
\# 获取某个索引的映射信息  
GET /library/\_mapping  
   
GET /library2/\_mapping  
   
\# 获取某个索引下某个type的映射信息  
GET /library/\_mapping/books  
   
\# 获取这个集群内所有的映射信息  
GET /\_all/\_mapping  
   
\# 获取这个集群内某两个或多个type的映射信息  
GET /\_all/\_mapping/books,coms  
   
   
   
   
\# 更新修改Mapping映射  
\# 很遗憾，mapping一旦建立，就不能修改现有的字段映射  
\# 如果要推倒现有的映射，你得重新建立一个索引，然后重新定义映  射  
\# 然后把之前索引里的数据导入到新建立的索引里  
\# ----------具体的方法----------  
\# 1. 给现有的索引定义一个别名，并且把现有的索引指向这个别名，运行步骤2  
\# 2. 运行 ： PUT /现有索引/\_alias/别名A  
\# 3. 新创建一个索引，定义好最新的映射  
\# 4. 将别名指向新的索引，并且取消之前索引的指向，运行步骤5  
\# 5. 运行：POST /\_aliases  
\#    \{  
\#      "actions": \[  
\#          \{ "remove": \{"index": "现有索引名", "alias": "别名A"\}\},  
\#          \{ "add": \{"index": "新建索引名", "alias": "别名A"\}\},  
\#        \]  
\#    \}  
\#  
\# 注：通过这几个步骤就实现了索引的平滑过度，并且是零停机的  
   
   
   
   
\# 删除映射  
DELETE /library/books  
   
DELETE /library/books/\_mapping  
   
DELETE /library/\_mapping/books,coms  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
\# 基本查询  
\# 查看测试数据  
GET /library/books/\_mget  
\{  
  "ids": \["1", "2", "3"\]  
\}  
   
\# 查看library的mapping信息  
GET /library/\_mapping  
   
   
\# --------------------------  
\# 简单查询  
   
\# 指定index名以及type名的搜索  
GET /library/books/\_search?q=title:elasticsearch  
   
\# 指定index名没有type名的搜索  
GET /library/\_search?q=title:mongodb  
   
\# 既没有index名也没有type名的搜索  
GET /\_search?q=title:elasticsearch  
   
   
\# --------------------------  
\# term查询  
   
\# term查询：查询某个字段里有某个关键词的文档  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "term": \{  
      "preview": "elasticsearch"  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
\# terms查询：查询某个字段里有多个关键词的文档  
\# minimum\_match ：最小匹配集；1 说明两个关键词里最少有一个，  2 就说明文档里这两个关键词都得存在  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "terms": \{  
      "preview": \[  
        "elasticsearch",  
        "book"  
      \]  
    \},  
    "minimum\_match": 1  
      
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# 控制查询返回的数量  
\# from 和 size  
\# 相当于mysql里的limit  
\# from : 从哪个结果开始返回, 下标从0开始  
\# size : 定义返回最大的结果数  
GET /library/books/\_search?q=title:elasticsearch  
   
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "from": 1,  
  "size": 2,  
  "query": \{  
    "term": \{  
      "title": "elasticsearch"  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
   
\# 返回版本号\_version  
   
GET /library3/books/\_search  
\{  
  "version": true,  
  "query": \{  
    "term": \{  
      "title": "elasticsearch"  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# ---------------------  
\# match查询  
   
\# match查询可接受文字，数字日期等数据类型  
\# match跟term的区别是，match查询的时候，elasticsearch会根据你给定的字段提供合适的分析器，而term查询不会有分析器分析的过  程  
   
GET /library3/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "match": \{  
      "title": "elasticsearch"  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# 通过match\_all查询  
\# 查询指定索引下的所有文档  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "match\_all": \{\}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# 通过match\_phrase查询  
\# 短语查询，slop定义的是关键词之间隔多少未知单次  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "match\_phrase": \{  
      "preview": "elasticsearch , distributed",  
      "slop": 2  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# multi\_match查询  
\# 可以指定多个字段  
\# 比如查询title和preview这两个字段里面包含了Elasticsearch关键词的文档  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "multi\_match": \{  
      "query": "Elasticsearch",  
      "fields": \["title", "preview"\]  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
POST /library/books/  
\{  
  "title": "Project code",  
  "preview": "use Elasticsearch."  
\}  
   
   
   
\# --------------------  
\# 指定返回的字段  
\# 注意只能返回store为yes的字段  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "fields": \["preview"\],  
  "query": \{  
    "match": \{  
      "preview": "elasticsearch"  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# 通过partial\_fields控制加载的字段  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "partial\_fields": \{  
    "partial": \{  
      "include": \["preview"\],  
      "exclude": \["title,price"\]  
    \}  
  \},  
  "query": \{  
    "match\_all": \{\}  
  \}  
\}  
   
\# 还能加通配符  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "partial\_fields": \{  
    "partial": \{  
      "include": \["pr\*"\],  
      "exclude": \["tit\*"\]  
    \}  
  \},  
  "query": \{  
    "match\_all": \{\}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
   
\# ------------------  
\# 排序  
\# desc 降序  
\# asc 升序  
\# 注意，如果数值型加上双引号，就是字符型。排序的时候不会按照  真正的数值大小进行排序，而是作为字符进行排序。  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "match\_all": \{\}  
  \},  
  "sort": \[  
    \{  
      "price": \{  
        "order": "desc"  
      \}  
    \}  
  \]  
\}  
   
   
   
\# ------------------  
\# prefix 前缀匹配查询  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "prefix": \{  
      "title": "r"  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
   
\# ------------------  
\# 控制范围  
   
\# range 查询 ：范围查询  
\# 有from, to , include\_lower , include\_upper, boost这些参数  
\# include\_lower ：是否包含范围的左边界，默认是true  
\# include\_upper ：是否包含范围的有边界，默认是true  
   
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "range": \{  
      "publish\_date": \{  
        "gte": "2018-11-12",  
        "lte": "2018-11-12"  
      \}  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "range": \{  
      "publish\_date": \{  
        "from": "2018-11-11",  
        "to": "2018-11-12",  
        "include\_lower": true,  
        "include\_upper": false  
      \}  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# ---------------------  
\#   
   
\# wildcard查询 ：允许你使用通配符 \* 和 ? 来进行查询  
\# \* 就代表一个或多个字符  
\# ? 仅代表一个字符  
\# 注意 ：这个查询很影响性能  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "wildcard": \{  
      "title": "p\*"  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "wildcard": \{  
      "preview": "p?ople"  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
   
\# ---------------------  
\#   
   
\# fuzzy模糊查询  
\# value : 查询的关键字  
\# boost : 设置查询的权值，默认是1.0  
\# min\_similarity : 设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值为0.5；对于字  符串，取值为0-1（包括0和1）；对于数值，取值可能大于1；对于日期型，取值为1d,2d,1m这样，1多久代表一天。  
\# prefix\_length : 指明区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0  
\# max\_expansions : 指明查询中的词项可扩展的数目，默认可以无限大  
   
\# 故意输错rudy，应为ruby  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "fuzzy": \{  
      "title": "rudy"  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
\# 故意输错rudy，应为ruby  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "fuzzy": \{  
      "title": \{  
        "value": "rudy",  
        "min\_similarity": 0.5  
      \}  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# fuzzy\_like\_this 查询  
\# 查询得到与给定内容相似的所有文档  
\# fields ：字段组，默认是\_all  
\# like\_text ：设置关键词  
\# ignore\_tf ：设置忽略词项的频次，默认是false  
\# max\_query\_terms ：指明在生成的查询中查询词项的最大数目。默认是25  
\# min\_similarity ：指明区分词项最小的相似度，默认是0.5  
\# prefix\_length ：指明分词项共同前缀的长度，默认是0  
\# boost ：设置权值，默认是1.0  
\# analyze ：指明用于分析给定内容的分析器  
   
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "fuzzy\_like\_this": \{  
      "fields": \["title"\],  
      "like\_text": "rudy",  
      "min\_similarity": 0.5,  
      "prefix\_length" : 0.2  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
   
   
\# fuzzy\_like\_this\_field 查询  
\# 只作用在一个字段里  
\# 其他与fuzzy\_like\_this功能一样  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "fuzzy\_like\_this\_field": \{  
      "title": \{  
        "like\_text": "rudy",  
        "min\_similarity": 0.5,  
        "prefix\_length" : 0.2  
      \}  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
   
   
\# -------------------------  
\# more\_like\_this查询  
   
\# fields ：定义字段组，默认是\_all  
\# like\_text ：定义要查询的关键词  
\# percent\_terms\_to\_match ：该参数指明一个文档必须匹配多大比例的词项才被视为相似。默认值是0.3，意思是30%的比例  
\# min\_term\_freq ：该参数指明在生成的查询中查询词项的最大数目。默认为25  
\# stop\_words ：该参数指明将被忽略的单词集合  
\# min\_doc\_freq ：该参数指明词项应至少在多少个文档中出现才不会被忽略。默认是5  
\# max\_doc\_freq ：该参数指明出现词项的最大数目，以避免词项被忽略。默认是无限大  
\# min\_word\_len ：该参数指明单个单词的最小长度，低于该值的单词将被忽略，默认是0  
\# max\_word\_len ：该参数指明单个单词的最大长度，高于该值得单词将被忽略，默认是无限大  
\# boost\_terms ：该参数指明提升每个单词的权重时使用的权值。默认是1  
\# boost ：指明提升一个查询的权值，默认是1.0  
\# analyer ：指定用户分析的分析器  
   
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "more\_like\_this": \{  
      "fields": \[  
        "title"  
      \],  
      "like\_text": "ruby",  
      "min\_term\_freq": 1,  
      "min\_doc\_freq": 1  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
   
\# more\_like\_this\_field 查询  
\# 只作用在一个字段里  
\# 其他与more\_like\_this功能一样  
GET /library/books/\_search  
\{  
  "query": \{  
    "more\_like\_this\_field": \{  
      "title": \{  
        "like\_text": "search Lean",  
        "min\_term\_freq": 1,  
        "min\_doc\_freq": 1  
      \}  
    \}  
  \}  
\}  
   
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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「lebron3v」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。  
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lebron3v/article/details/84026849