部署篇-mysql安装(基于windows和centos)

Myth丶恋晨 2023-01-18 09:16 21阅读 0赞

### 在windows和centos上面安装mysql ###

*  写在前面
 *  windows
 *   *  下载windows版本的mysql免安装压缩包
     *  解压到指定目录
     *  安装服务
     *  编写mysql配置文件
     *  初始化mysql
     *  配置环境变量
 *  centos
 *   *  下载centos版本的mysql免安装压缩包
     *  创建mysql用户和mysql用户组
     *  创建mysql的数据目录
     *  编写my.cnf配置文件
     *  初始化mysql
     *  启动mysql服务
     *  修改mysql root账号默认密码
     *  设置开机自启
     *  配置环境变量

# 写在前面 #

`这里mysql安装是基于压缩包方式安装，提供windows和centos两个平台的安装`

# windows #

## 下载windows版本的mysql免安装压缩包 ##

`这里使用华为开源镜像站下载mysql:8.0.23版本的压缩包进行安装，下载地址:` [mysql:8.0.23-winx64.zip][mysql_8.0.23-winx64.zip]

## 解压到指定目录 ##

这里我将mysql解压到`D:\Program Files (x86)\mysql`  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 安装服务 ##

`这里需要通过系统管理员方式启动cmd，如下`

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
`mysqld --install 安装服务`  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## 编写mysql配置文件 ##

`这里创建my.ini文件，放在与mysql同级目录即可`  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
my.ini

[mysql]
    # 设置默认字符编码
    default-character-set=utf8
    [mysqld]
    # mysql的监听端口
    port = 3306 
    # mysql的安装目录
    basedir=D:\Program Files (x86)\mysql
    # mysql的数据目录
    datadir=E:\mysql\data
    # 这里开启兼容group by 查询非分组字段报异常的问题
    sql_mode='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES'
    # 设置mysql最大连接数
    max_connections=200
    # 设置mysql服务端的字符编码
    character-set-server=utf8
    # 设置mysql的表默认存储引擎
    default-storage-engine=INNODB

## 初始化mysql ##

mysqld --initialize --console

框选那一行为数据库的root账号初始密码,这里会卡住控制台，按ctrl+c即可  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210502195732965.png]启动mysql服务  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

net start mysql

登录mysql，设置root账号新密码,这里123456就是新的密码  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED  BY '123456';

退出mysql，使用新的密码重新登录  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
通过客户端连接  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210502200230981.png]

## 配置环境变量 ##

右键单击此电脑，点击属性,或者在搜索栏搜索环境变量  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
点击属性，如下,点击系统高级设置，然后点击环境变量，或者在搜索栏搜索环境变量  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]  
点击新建环境变量，添加一栏MYSQL\_HOME的变量，值为mysql的安装目录  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
然后找到Path这个环境变量，双击它，添加一行，引用MYSQL\_HOME\\bin目录,使全局cmd都能直接使用mysql命令  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]  
如下图  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]

# centos #

## 下载centos版本的mysql免安装压缩包 ##

wget https://repo.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.23-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
    # 解压
    tar zxvf mysql-8.0.23-el7-x86_64.tar.gz
    # 移动到/usr/local/src/mysql目录
    mv mysql-8.0.23-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]

## 创建mysql用户和mysql用户组 ##

groupadd mysql
    useradd mysql -g mysql
    #设置mysql用户密码
    passwd mysql

这里密码，我设置的是123456，输入两次123456然后按回车即可  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210502201933577.png]

## 创建mysql的数据目录 ##

mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data
    # 设置目录权限，将其拥有者改为mysql用户
    chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql

## 编写my.cnf配置文件 ##

`这里my.cnf文件放在/etc目录下面,内容如下`  
my.cnf

[mysqld]
    log-error=/opt/mysql/data/error.log
    socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
    pid-file=/opt/mysql/data/mysql.pid
    port=3306
    basedir=/opt/mysql
    datadir=/opt/mysql/data
    sql_mode='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES'
    max_connections=200
    character-set-server=utf8
    default-storage-engine=INNODB

## 初始化mysql ##

cd /usr/local/mysql
    bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]

## 启动mysql服务 ##

`这里所在的目录为:`  
![在这里插入图片描述][202105022042125.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210502210916889.png]

support-files/mysql.server start

## 修改mysql root账号默认密码 ##

`这里密码通过查看/opt/mysql/data/error.log文件获得`  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]

bin/mysql -uroot -p'这里填写error.log日志里面的密码'
    #修改密码为123456
    ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED  BY '123456';
    #设置root用户允许登录的host地址
    UPDATE mysql.user SET host='%' WHERE user='root';
    #刷新权限
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]

## 设置开机自启 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]

#将mysql server复制到/etc/init.d目录下面
    cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
    #加入到开机检测列表里面，实现开机自启
    chkconfig --add mysqld

## 配置环境变量 ##

cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql PATH=\$PATH:\$MYSQL_HOME/bin export PATH EOF
    source /etc/profile

测试登录  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]

[mysql_8.0.23-winx64.zip]: https://repo.huaweicloud.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.23-winx64.zip
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221021/0a1f4f07ce524207b77891e0468f3e97.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221021/22f8438374ea4260a2f1ddde9b8dff99.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221021/a8beb857a0474a25b6ac742e221e75f2.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20221021/24518865f6b748988c3b8ca1583c4303.png
[20210502195732965.png]: /images/20221021/3c9337a22b9b446d9a4b8d577ccd667f.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20221021/3fb2a308892c452bb61126456e21f000.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: /images/20221021/d19b212a9fa94d7d996c3605131eb7bb.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: /images/20221021/6545771ce26a4884a009702f5b8c83ec.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: /images/20221021/3b7d8c04a32e44c2b4c85cb586202a27.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: /images/20221021/c8783d8620294a68acfbb085309efb21.png
[20210502200230981.png]: /images/20221021/1c671c81a03247639d0398f474910c1b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]: /images/20221021/f7846bd3442a4026a6af53e1906ace69.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]: /images/20221021/66440b50b9b34b668b49a017fd8368b3.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]: /images/20221021/5ecf26a3d12a47718b3064470783d2e6.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]: /images/20221021/9938296efdc34efd9cf95a6b6d7457ed.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]: /images/20221021/70e34734c80948238902f1f7d224e66a.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]: /images/20221021/c066ed35deec4d19943b43797aaf20ec.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]: /images/20221021/6268d717ef2a47088fe6e01854e91ace.png
[20210502201933577.png]: /images/20221021/d2291d7fad194eae9b12907a0d4fe255.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]: /images/20221021/a88f93a5cab54806b3d9016c128be14f.png
[202105022042125.png]: /images/20221021/00f6112275ef4975b47b5007b8d205cd.png
[20210502210916889.png]: /images/20221021/22d9bb0761eb448186edffa605d5fc19.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]: /images/20221021/742dddf57db34002b1982b6b7c605408.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]: /images/20221021/c46733027109434e9e2a4700ad16bb56.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]: /images/20221021/aefadbd7ed0e494682827f36b910541c.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNDEzMDEx_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]: /images/20221021/453a85c752fd4e89ada5d89077cbc8d7.png