SQL Server域Alwayson 部署

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2023-01-23 09:57 3阅读 0赞

1.  ## 引言 ##

基于windows2012 server和sql server2012的域控的设置方法在很多场景已经使用，不仅需要windows的域部署，故障转移部署，以及sql server的域部署以及仲裁机等操作，使用起来非常麻烦，现在sql server2016来了，听说sql server2017可以在linux上部署AG，又是一个降低运营成本的好消息，这边先以sql server2016为例，详细讲述下如何部署实施。

1.  ## 操作步骤 ##

###   2.1 [Windows 2016 无域故障转移群集部署方法][Windows 2016] ###

故障转移群集是一个很实用的功能,而windows在2016版本开始,终于支持不用域做故障转?????.?在群集中,我们可以设定一个"群集IP"而客户端只需要根据这个"群集IP"就能连接当前群集的主服务器.而不必关心群集服务器之间的替换.而更棒的是,它是"去中心"的,它没有一个中心主机,我们都知道"有中心"的集群,如果"中心"出了问题,那么整个集群都无法运行了.而故?????????,????????????,????????????(??????????????,????????????,??????).?

演示环境

这边使用vwware16搭建windows2016 Datacenter环境，使用仅主机模式，并且在vwware的编辑的虚拟网络编辑器里设置了网段和掩码，如下图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

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# 演示环境 #

## 1. 通用配置 ##

<table style="width:593px;"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <p>Key</p> </td> 
   <td> <p>Value</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <p>系统版本</p> </td> 
   <td> <p>Win2016</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <p>集群IP</p> </td> 
   <td> <p>192.168.3.2</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <p>网段</p> </td> 
   <td> <p>255.255.255.0</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <p>网关</p> </td> 
   <td> <p>192.168.3.1</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

2. 设备配置

IP以及名称规划：

节点1（物理服务器或虚拟机）：d1   IP地址：192.168.3.8

节点2（物理服务器或虚拟机）：d2 IP地址：192.168.3.11

Windows群集名称：[CLUSTER.net][] IP地址：192.168.3.15（虚拟IP）

可用性组名称：SQLAG

SQL侦听器名称：listen IP地址：192.168.3.18（虚拟IP）

注意事项：

1，只有Windows Server 2016 操作系统才能配置不依赖域的群集 ，2台服务器的操作系统???????????SQL Server?????????????????

2，两个节点的Windos Server 2016 都以Administrator账户登录，并且两台服务器的Administrator密码相同，无特殊意义，只是为了方便后续的操作。

3，两个节点的SQL Server 2016 服务启动账户都设置成Administrator 。2个节点的数据库都有Administrator的登录名，也就是使用Administrator登录服务器时，可用Windows身份???????SQL Server???

即：

节点1的SQL Server上有：d1\\administrator  ；节点2上有：d2\\administrator ；这2个登录账号，在安装SQL Server的时候可创建。均有sysadmin权限。

一：首先配置Windows故障转移群集（2个节点均使用Administrator登录）

第一步：安装Windows故障转移群集（所有节点都需要安装）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

第二步：每个节点的计算机不需要加入域，但需要添加DNS后缀，且每个节点的后缀必须要????????????net），如下图所示的操作。

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第三步：在每个节点上都添加一个用户（我增加的用户名称是DCAdmin），且用户名以及密???????????????????????????????????????2???????????????????????????

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第四步：在每个节点的 hosts 文件中添加每个节点的服务器IP地址和名称、群集IP地址和???????????IP???????????????????????

hosts文件路径：C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc

hosts文件可以用记事本打开

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服务器名称，填写的是计算机全名，也就是服务器名带上之前设置的DNS名称后缀的名称，??????[d1.net][]。host文件需要在2个节点的服务器上都进行相同的操作。

我这边使用的dns解析来解决，首先需要安装dns

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1.  所有主机配置DNS解析记录 并测试解析
    
    1.  新建正向查找区域NET

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1.  新建反向查找区域

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结果就像这样的：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

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1.  新建反向查找记录  （我们新建正向记录勾选了PTR指针 默认已经新建了B/C主机的反向记录） 现在只需新建一条本机的PTR记录

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

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1.  测试解析

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无域的服务器都要配置dns服务器，可以使用host但是我觉得网络配置使用静态表实在太low，毕竟不是开发做做switchhost的换同根同域环境。

A主机配置故障转移群集 B/C主机连接到群集 指定虚拟IP192.168.3.15

1.  1.  主机A创建集群CLUSTER

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这边填之前的说好的192.168.3.15

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32][]

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这样各个节点已经连接了。

第五步：设置允许应用或功能通过防火墙，两个节点均要设置，按照下面图中红框框出的地方设置，注意选项后面打勾的位置。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 34][]

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二：配置SQL Server AlwaysOn

SQL Server的安装这里就不描述，直接从配置AlwaysOn开始操作。

1 ，这里配置AlwaysOn，我采用的是共享文件夹的方式，所以首先在DB1这个节点上创建一个?????????????????????????????????????????DCAdmin??????DB2???????????????????

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 37][]

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1.  在DB1和DB2上设置启用AlwaysOn

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 39][]

启用AlwaysOn会要求重启服务，重启就可以。

3，重启服务后，查看服务器属性，确保 HADR 为 True

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

既然节点没有加入域，那么就不能用域认证，只能用证书认证，因此需要在每个节点的数据库中创建其他节点的数据库证书。（请留意我连接数据库的账户，在创建端口的代码中有用到）

因此在配置可用性组前先在各节点配置证书认证信任。

4，分别在两个节点数据库上创建证书，并且彼此还原对方的证书，SQL代码如下：

注：我是在节点1上用administrator登录服务器，使用Windows身份登录SQL Server。在节?2????????administrator????????????????Windows????????SQL Server?

\--共享文件夹路径： ---\\\\JF-SQLDB01\\SQLAlwaysOn   使用共享文件夹是为了方便读取每个节点的证书

\--节点一上执行：创建主密钥/证书/端点，备份证书到共享文件夹中。

USE master;

CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'JFAlwaysOnShare2016' ----密码

CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert\_DB01

WITH SUBJECT = 'Cert\_DB01',

START\_DATE = '2021-04-01',EXPIRY\_DATE = '2029-12-31' --证书的有效时间

\----导出证书，将证书放在共享文件夹里面

BACKUP CERTIFICATE Cert\_DB01

TO FILE = '\\\\D1\\SQLAlwaysOn\\Cert\_DB01.cer'

\---创建端点

CREATE ENDPOINT \[SQLAG\_Endpoint\]

AUTHORIZATION \[WIN-DR6UKA2RJDA\\Administrator\] ----此账户是连接数据库的账户

STATE=STARTED

AS TCP (LISTENER\_PORT = 5022, LISTENER\_IP = ALL)---侦听端口，1024 和 32767 之间的任何数字都有效。侦听IP地址，默认值为 ALL，表示??????????????????? IP ?????????????

FOR DATA\_MIRRORING

(ROLE = ALL,AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE Cert\_DB01, ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES)

\--节点二上执行：创建主密钥/证书，备份证书。

USE master;

CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'JFAlwaysOnShare2016';

CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert\_DB02

WITH SUBJECT = 'Cert\_DB02',

START\_DATE = '2021-04-01',EXPIRY\_DATE = '2029-12-31';

BACKUP CERTIFICATE Cert\_DB02

TO FILE = '\\\\D2\\SQlAlwayon\\Cert\_DB02.cer';

CREATE ENDPOINT \[SQLAG\_Endpoint\]

AUTHORIZATION \[WIN-93HCUQ47RJN\\administrator\]

STATE=STARTED

AS TCP (LISTENER\_PORT = 5022, LISTENER\_IP = ALL)

FOR DATA\_MIRRORING

(ROLE = ALL,AUTHENTICATION = CERTIFICATE Cert\_DB02, ENCRYPTION = REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES)

\--节点一上执行：创建节点二的证书

USE master;

CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert\_DB02

FROM FILE = '\\\\JF-SQLDB01\\SQLAlwaysOnShare\\Cert\_DB02.cer';

\--节点二上执行：创建节点一的证书

USE master;

CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert\_DB01

FROM FILE = '\\\\JF-SQLDB01\\SQLAlwaysOnShare\\Cert\_DB01.cer';

上面两部做不了就手动安装，原因是sql server没有读证书权限增加进去

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 40][]

1.  配置可用性组，接下来就和以前版本的配置是一样的了，不再描述，按照下面的截图一步一步配置

这个最好把db2设置为sa模式，然后用db1的机器尝试连接下，保证可用性配置的1433是联通的

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 41][]

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这里是选择数据库，记住一定要全量备份下，但是db2不用新增同样数据库

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 43][]

这边服务器名用d2,并且自动故障转移选择勾上并且同步为是

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 44][]

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这边一点要有个共享文件夹，上次放证书的那个，不通的话后面验证不通过

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 47][]

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1.  最后创建侦听器，当然，创建侦听器也可以在上一步设置。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 48][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 49][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 50][]

最后，可以使用侦听器名称来连接数据库，数据库显示已同步，配置无域AlwaysOn成功、

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L29yaWNoaXNvbmlj_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 51][]

参考自：

配置SQL Server2016无域AlwaysOn

[https://blog.csdn.net/roven257/article/details/78691892?ops\_request\_misc=&request\_id=&biz\_id=102&utm\_term=sql%20server%20alwayson&utm\_medium=distribute.pc\_search\_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-3-78691892.first\_rank\_v2\_pc\_rank\_v29][https_blog.csdn.net_roven257_article_details_78691892_ops_request_misc_request_id_biz_id_102_utm_term_sql_20server_20alwayson_utm_medium_distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_all_sobaiduweb_default-3-78691892.first_rank_v2_pc_rank_v29]

SQL Server 2017 Always On AG on Linux（二）SQL Server 证书及权限配置

[https://blog.csdn.net/kk185800961/article/details/89483724][https_blog.csdn.net_kk185800961_article_details_89483724]

[Linux][] [上配置 AG][Linux]

[https://www.cnblogs.com/guarderming/p/10570484.html][Linux]

AlwaysOn添加新可用性副本

[https://www.it610.com/article/1281403096454414336.htm][https_www.it610.com_article_1281403096454414336.htm]

WINDOWS2016故障转移群集

[https://blog.csdn.net/weixin\_42256332/article/details/89151749][https_blog.csdn.net_weixin_42256332_article_details_89151749]

[SQL][][ ][SQL][SERVER非][SQL][域环境搭建镜像][SQL]

[https://www.cnblogs.com/cmt/p/14580194.html?from=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2FFly446854715%2Fp%2F4173345.html&blogId=198684&postId=4173345][https_www.cnblogs.com_cmt_p_14580194.html_from_https_3A_2F_2Fwww.cnblogs.com_2FFly446854715_2Fp_2F4173345.html_blogId_198684_postId_4173345]

VMware虚拟机的三种网络连接方式以及主机向虚拟机发送文件的实现

[https://blog.csdn.net/weixin\_39490421/article/details/79518927][https_blog.csdn.net_weixin_39490421_article_details_79518927]

Windows 2016 无域故障转移群集部署方法 超详细图文教程

[https://blog.csdn.net/demonson/article/details/81708809][https_blog.csdn.net_demonson_article_details_81708809]

[SQLServer2008端口及防火墙设置][SQLServer2008]

[https://www.cnblogs.com/pipci/p/7850892.html][SQLServer2008]

(WSFC) resource control API returned error code 5057 & Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 41009

[https://blog.csdn.net/burgess\_liu/article/details/16855267][https_blog.csdn.net_burgess_liu_article_details_16855267]

连接到 Always On 可用性组侦听器

[https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/listeners-client-connectivity-application-failover?view=sql-server-ver15][https_docs.microsoft.com_zh-cn_sql_database-engine_availability-groups_windows_listeners-client-connectivity-application-failover_view_sql-server-ver15]

[Windows 2016]: https://www.cnblogs.com/DragonStart/p/8275182.html
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[CLUSTER.net]: http://cluster.net/
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[d1.net]: http://d1.net/
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[https_blog.csdn.net_roven257_article_details_78691892_ops_request_misc_request_id_biz_id_102_utm_term_sql_20server_20alwayson_utm_medium_distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2_all_sobaiduweb_default-3-78691892.first_rank_v2_pc_rank_v29]: https://blog.csdn.net/roven257/article/details/78691892?ops_request_misc=&request_id=&biz_id=102&utm_term=sql%20server%20alwayson&utm_medium=distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-blog-2~all~sobaiduweb~default-3-78691892.first_rank_v2_pc_rank_v29
[https_blog.csdn.net_kk185800961_article_details_89483724]: https://blog.csdn.net/kk185800961/article/details/89483724
[Linux]: https://www.cnblogs.com/guarderming/p/10570484.html
[https_www.it610.com_article_1281403096454414336.htm]: https://www.it610.com/article/1281403096454414336.htm
[https_blog.csdn.net_weixin_42256332_article_details_89151749]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42256332/article/details/89151749
[SQL]: https://www.cnblogs.com/Fly446854715/p/4173345.html
[https_www.cnblogs.com_cmt_p_14580194.html_from_https_3A_2F_2Fwww.cnblogs.com_2FFly446854715_2Fp_2F4173345.html_blogId_198684_postId_4173345]: https://www.cnblogs.com/cmt/p/14580194.html?from=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2FFly446854715%2Fp%2F4173345.html&blogId=198684&postId=4173345
[https_blog.csdn.net_weixin_39490421_article_details_79518927]: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39490421/article/details/79518927
[https_blog.csdn.net_demonson_article_details_81708809]: https://blog.csdn.net/demonson/article/details/81708809
[SQLServer2008]: https://www.cnblogs.com/pipci/p/7850892.html
[https_blog.csdn.net_burgess_liu_article_details_16855267]: https://blog.csdn.net/burgess_liu/article/details/16855267
[https_docs.microsoft.com_zh-cn_sql_database-engine_availability-groups_windows_listeners-client-connectivity-application-failover_view_sql-server-ver15]: https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sql/database-engine/availability-groups/windows/listeners-client-connectivity-application-failover?view=sql-server-ver15