SDN-Postman及python编程对流表的操作

今天药忘吃喽~ 2023-02-09 05:29 24阅读 0赞

**目录**

实验环境

实验步骤

Postman查看流表

python代码查看流表

流表分析

Postman查看流表项

Python代码查看流表项

Postman添加流表项

Python添加流表项

Postman、Python修改流表项

--------------------

一些postman介绍、基本使用，以及mininet创建拓扑之类的我就不再重复写了。

本文使用拓扑：[SDN-Mininet安装使用][SDN-Mininet]

# 实验环境 #

*  VM14.0
 *  Ubuntu 18.04
 *  JDK1.8
 *  OpenDaylight-Nitro版本
 *  Mininet
 *  postman

# 实验步骤 #

打开opendaylight

使用mininet创建拓扑并连接opendaylight

## Postman查看流表 ##

访问网址，[http://你的ip:8181/index.html][http_ip_8181_index.html]

打开Nodes标签，查看Node Id

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xhZHlfa2lsbGVyOQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][] opendaylight dlux界面

打开YANG UI标签，opendaylight-inventory rev.2013-08-19->operational->nodes->node\{id\}->table\{id\}

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xhZHlfa2lsbGVyOQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][] 打开YANGUI

点击小眼睛获得完整url

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xhZHlfa2lsbGVyOQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][] 完整url显示

复制url，粘贴到postman。选择GET方式，验证方式为Basic Auth，Headers中的Content-Type和Accept填入application/xml（不填的话默认是application/json格式）,账号密码均为admin，填入参数，table的id为0,node的id为之前Node标签看到的。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xhZHlfa2lsbGVyOQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][] 获得流表

## python代码查看流表 ##

import urllib.request
    from base64 import encodebytes
    
    ip = "192.168.31.174"
    node_id = "openflow:1"
    table_id = "0"
    username = "admin"
    password = "admin"
    url = "http://" + ip + ":8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/" + node_id + "/flow-node-inventory:table/" + table_id
    print(url)
    # 添加请求的url
    req = urllib.request.Request(url)
    # 添加请求方法
    req.get_method = lambda: "GET"
    # 添加header
    b64str = encodebytes(bytes('%s:%s' % (username, password), 'utf-8'))[:-1]
    req.add_header("Authorization", "Basic %s" % b64str.decode('utf-8'))
    returnData = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
    res_json = returnData.read().decode('utf-8')
    print(res_json)

xml形式的流表

<table xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:inventory">
        <id>0</id>
        <flow>
            <id>L2switch-2</id>
            <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
                <packet-count>1</packet-count>
                <duration>
                    <nanosecond>645000000</nanosecond>
                    <second>258</second>
                </duration>
                <byte-count>70</byte-count>
            </flow-statistics>
            <priority>2</priority>
            <table_id>0</table_id>
            <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
            <match>
                <in-port>openflow:1:3</in-port>
            </match>
            <cookie>3098476543630901250</cookie>
            <instructions>
                <instruction>
                    <order>0</order>
                    <apply-actions>
                        <action>
                            <order>0</order>
                            <output-action>
                                <max-length>65535</max-length>
                                <output-node-connector>2</output-node-connector>
                            </output-action>
                        </action>
                        <action>
                            <order>2</order>
                            <output-action>
                                <max-length>65535</max-length>
                                <output-node-connector>CONTROLLER</output-node-connector>
                            </output-action>
                        </action>
                        <action>
                            <order>1</order>
                            <output-action>
                                <max-length>65535</max-length>
                                <output-node-connector>1</output-node-connector>
                            </output-action>
                        </action>
                    </apply-actions>
                </instruction>
            </instructions>
            <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
        </flow>
        <flow>
            <id>L2switch-1</id>
            <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
                <packet-count>53</packet-count>
                <duration>
                    <nanosecond>145000000</nanosecond>
                    <second>264</second>
                </duration>
                <byte-count>4505</byte-count>
            </flow-statistics>
            <priority>100</priority>
            <table_id>0</table_id>
            <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
            <match>
                <ethernet-match>
                    <ethernet-type>
                        <type>35020</type>
                    </ethernet-type>
                </ethernet-match>
            </match>
            <cookie>3098476543630901249</cookie>
            <instructions>
                <instruction>
                    <order>0</order>
                    <apply-actions>
                        <action>
                            <order>0</order>
                            <output-action>
                                <max-length>65535</max-length>
                                <output-node-connector>CONTROLLER</output-node-connector>
                            </output-action>
                        </action>
                    </apply-actions>
                </instruction>
            </instructions>
            <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
        </flow>
        <flow>
            <id>#UF$TABLE*0-2</id>
            <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
                <packet-count>0</packet-count>
                <duration>
                    <nanosecond>145000000</nanosecond>
                    <second>264</second>
                </duration>
                <byte-count>0</byte-count>
            </flow-statistics>
            <priority>0</priority>
            <table_id>0</table_id>
            <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
            <match></match>
            <cookie>3098476543630901249</cookie>
            <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
        </flow>
        <flow>
            <id>L2switch-0</id>
            <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
                <packet-count>1</packet-count>
                <duration>
                    <nanosecond>652000000</nanosecond>
                    <second>258</second>
                </duration>
                <byte-count>70</byte-count>
            </flow-statistics>
            <priority>2</priority>
            <table_id>0</table_id>
            <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
            <match>
                <in-port>openflow:1:2</in-port>
            </match>
            <cookie>3098476543630901248</cookie>
            <instructions>
                <instruction>
                    <order>0</order>
                    <apply-actions>
                        <action>
                            <order>0</order>
                            <output-action>
                                <max-length>65535</max-length>
                                <output-node-connector>1</output-node-connector>
                            </output-action>
                        </action>
                        <action>
                            <order>2</order>
                            <output-action>
                                <max-length>65535</max-length>
                                <output-node-connector>CONTROLLER</output-node-connector>
                            </output-action>
                        </action>
                        <action>
                            <order>1</order>
                            <output-action>
                                <max-length>65535</max-length>
                                <output-node-connector>3</output-node-connector>
                            </output-action>
                        </action>
                    </apply-actions>
                </instruction>
            </instructions>
            <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
        </flow>
        <flow>
            <id>#UF$TABLE*0-3</id>
            <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
                <packet-count>3</packet-count>
                <duration>
                    <nanosecond>647000000</nanosecond>
                    <second>258</second>
                </duration>
                <byte-count>247</byte-count>
            </flow-statistics>
            <priority>2</priority>
            <table_id>0</table_id>
            <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
            <match>
                <in-port>openflow:1:1</in-port>
            </match>
            <cookie>3098476543630901249</cookie>
            <instructions>
                <instruction>
                    <order>0</order>
                    <apply-actions>
                        <action>
                            <order>0</order>
                            <output-action>
                                <max-length>65535</max-length>
                                <output-node-connector>2</output-node-connector>
                            </output-action>
                        </action>
                        <action>
                            <order>1</order>
                            <output-action>
                                <max-length>65535</max-length>
                                <output-node-connector>3</output-node-connector>
                            </output-action>
                        </action>
                    </apply-actions>
                </instruction>
            </instructions>
            <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
        </flow>
        <flow-table-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:table:statistics">
            <packets-matched>57</packets-matched>
            <active-flows>5</active-flows>
            <packets-looked-up>105</packets-looked-up>
        </flow-table-statistics>
    </table>

## 流表分析 ##

从这个xml中，我们可以看到流表的一些信息，包括流表的id，使用的交换机，一个流表项的入端口等，另外<flow></flow>标签中是流表的一个流表项，共5条。

<table style="width:500px;">  流表中字段含义  
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>字段</th> 
   <th>含义</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>table_id</td> 
   <td>int,流表的id</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>id</td> 
   <td>string,流表项的id</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>priority</td> 
   <td>int,流表项的优先级</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cookie</td> 
   <td>int,控制器发出的标识符</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cookie_mask</td> 
   <td>int,掩码，用于限制必须匹配的cookie位</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>idle-timeout</td> 
   <td>int,丢弃前的空闲时间（秒）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>hard-timeout</td> 
   <td>int,丢弃前的最长时间（秒）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>match</td> 
   <td>dict，匹配域</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ethernet-match</td> 
   <td>dict,以太网匹配</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ethernet-type</td> 
   <td>dict,以太网类型</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>type</td> 
   <td>str,0x0800：使用ip匹配,0x8847:使用mac匹配</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ipv4-destination</td> 
   <td>ipv4的目的ip地址</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>instructions</td> 
   <td>dict,动作集</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>instruction</td> 
   <td>list,动作，指令</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>order</td> 
   <td>int,顺序</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## Postman查看流表项 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xhZHlfa2lsbGVyOQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][] 标题

json格式的流表项

{
        "flow-node-inventory:flow": [
            {
                "id": "L2switch-2",
                "opendaylight-flow-statistics:flow-statistics": {
                    "packet-count": 2,
                    "duration": {
                        "nanosecond": 81000000,
                        "second": 768
                    },
                    "byte-count": 140
                },
                "priority": 2,
                "table_id": 0,
                "hard-timeout": 0,
                "match": {
                    "in-port": "openflow:1:3"
                },
                "cookie": 3098476543630901250,
                "instructions": {
                    "instruction": [
                        {
                            "order": 0,
                            "apply-actions": {
                                "action": [
                                    {
                                        "order": 0,
                                        "output-action": {
                                            "max-length": 65535,
                                            "output-node-connector": "2"
                                        }
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "order": 2,
                                        "output-action": {
                                            "max-length": 65535,
                                            "output-node-connector": "CONTROLLER"
                                        }
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "order": 1,
                                        "output-action": {
                                            "max-length": 65535,
                                            "output-node-connector": "1"
                                        }
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "idle-timeout": 0
            }
        ]
    }

## Python代码查看流表项 ##

import urllib.request
    from base64 import encodebytes
    
    ip = "192.168.31.174"
    node_id = "openflow:1"
    table_id = "0"
    flow_id = "L2switch-2"
    username = "admin"
    password = "admin"
    url = "http://" + ip + ":8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/" + node_id + "/flow-node-inventory:table/" + table_id +"/flow/"+flow_id
    print(url)
    # 添加请求的url和method
    req = urllib.request.Request(url, method="GET")
    # 添加header
    b64str = encodebytes(bytes('%s:%s' % (username, password), 'utf-8'))[:-1]
    req.add_header("Authorization", "Basic %s" % b64str.decode('utf-8'))
    returnData = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
    res_json = returnData.read().decode('utf-8')
    print(res_json)

## Postman添加流表项 ##

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xhZHlfa2lsbGVyOQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][] 命令查看流表项

![20200518170314702.PNG][] 命令删除流表项

使用PUT方式，账号密码依然还是admin,注意url是使用的config，不是operational,选择json格式，点击send。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xhZHlfa2lsbGVyOQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][] 使用Postman添加流表项

![2020051817050491.PNG][] 再次查看流表

再次查看流表后发现添加了一条流表项，h1、h2使用的是交换机s1的端口s1-eth1与s1-eth2，所以，h1与h2可以ping通。

##  Python添加流表项 ##

import urllib.request
    from base64 import encodebytes
    
    from django.contrib.sites import requests
    
    ip = "192.168.31.174"
    # node_id = "openflow:1"
    print("please input name of switch:")
    node_id = input()
    table_id = "0"
    # flow_id = "L2switch-2"
    print("please input id of flow:")
    flow_id = input()
    username = "admin"
    password = "admin"
    url = "http://" + ip + ":8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/" + node_id + "/flow-node-inventory:table/" + table_id + "/flow/" + flow_id
    print(url)
    flow = {
        "flow-node-inventory:flow": [
            {
                "id": "L2switch-2",
                "priority": 2,
                "table_id": 0,
                "hard-timeout": 0,
                "match": {
                    "in-port": "openflow:1:3"
                },
                "cookie": 3098476543630901250,
                "instructions": {
                    "instruction": [
                        {
                            "order": 0,
                            "apply-actions": {
                                "action": [
                                    {
                                        "order": 0,
                                        "output-action": {
                                            "max-length": 65535,
                                            "output-node-connector": "2"
                                        }
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "idle-timeout": 0
            }
        ]
    }
    flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["id"] = flow_id
    print("please input priority of this flow:")
    flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["priority"] = int(input())
    print("please input hard-timeout of this flow:")
    flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["hard-timeout"] = int(input())
    print("please input idle-timeout of this flow:")
    flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["idle-timeout"] = int(input())
    print("please input in-port of this flow:")
    flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["match"]["in-port"] = node_id + ":" + input()
    print("please input output-port of this flow:")
    flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["instructions"]["instruction"][0]["apply-actions"]["action"][0]["output-action"][
        "output-node-connector"] = input()
    
    print("flow_id:" + str(flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["id"]))
    print("priority:" + str(flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["priority"]))
    print("hard-timeout:" + str(flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["hard-timeout"]))
    print("idle-timeout:" + str(flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["idle-timeout"]))
    print("in-port:" + flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["match"]["in-port"])
    print("output-port:" +
          flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["instructions"]["instruction"][0]["apply-actions"]["action"][0][
              "output-action"]["output-node-connector"])
    print(flow)
    # 添加请求的url、data、method
    req = urllib.request.Request(url=url, data=bytes(str(flow), 'utf-8'), method="PUT")
    # 添加header
    b64str = encodebytes(bytes('%s:%s' % (username, password), 'utf-8'))[:-1]
    req.add_header("Authorization", "Basic %s" % b64str.decode('utf-8'))
    req.add_header("Accept", "application/json")
    req.add_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
    returnData = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
    res_json = returnData.read().decode('utf-8')
    print(res_json)

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xhZHlfa2lsbGVyOQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][] 实验结果

![20200519175222485.PNG][] 流表项添加成功

我是通过端口添加的流表项，除此之外，你还可以使用ip或mac添加，使用ethernet-type、ipv4-destination等字段。

## Postman、Python修改流表项 ##

这个只需要使你请求的数据中流表项的id在流表中存在，就会覆盖掉原来的。

更多SDN相关内容，请查看：[SDN-自学笔记][SDN-]

有问题请下方评论，转载请注明出处，并附有原文链接，谢谢！如有侵权，请及时联系。

[SDN-Mininet]: https://blog.csdn.net/lady_killer9/article/details/104428618
[http_ip_8181_index.html]: https://blog.csdn.net/index.html%E5%B0%B1%E5%8F%AF%E4%BB%A5%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AEDLUX%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2%E3%80%82
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[SDN-]: https://blog.csdn.net/lady_killer9/article/details/104449083