CentOS8 安装 MySQL5.7 MySQL8.0 多版本，多实例 glibc tar.zg tar.xz

女爷i 2023-02-14 05:57 25阅读 0赞

# 一、说明 #

个人感觉，glibc版的，好配置多版本、多实例。同一版本也方便配置多实例。

mysql安装方式很多：

**1.glibc版，tar.gz，tar.xz**

[CentOS7.7下二进制部署MySQL多版本多实例实战][CentOS7.7_MySQL]

2.yum安装

[CentOS 8 安装 MySQL 5.7 或 MySQL 8][CentOS 8 _ MySQL 5.7 _ MySQL 8]

[A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL Yum Repository][]

[CentOS 8 安装MySQL 8.0][CentOS 8 _MySQL 8.0]

3.rpm安装

4.源码安装

5.tar包

# 二、下载地址 #

[https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/][https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]

[https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar.gz][https_cdn.mysql.com_Downloads_MySQL-5.7_mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz]

[https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar.xz][https_cdn.mysql.com_Downloads_MySQL-8.0_mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hhdmVxaW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hhdmVxaW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

# 三、安装MySQL5.7 #

## 1.上传，解压，重命名 ##

\[root@dev1 opt\]\# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar.gz  
\[root@dev1 opt\]\# mv mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64 mysql-5.7.30

## 2.创建配置文件my.cnf ##

\[root@dev1 opt\]\# cd mysql-5.7.30/  
\[root@dev1 mysql-5.7.30\]\# vi my.cnf

[client]
    port=3305
    
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8
     
    [mysqld]
    # MySQL服务器将监听的TCP/IP端口
    port=3305
    
    # 安装目录的路径。 通常相对于此解析所有路径。
    basedir=/opt/mysql-5.7.30
    
    # 数据库根目录的路径
    datadir=/opt/mysql-5.7.30/data
    
    # 创建新模式或表且未定义任何字符集时将使用的默认字符集
    character-set-server=utf8
    
    # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
    default-storage-engine=INNODB
    
    # MySQL服务器允许的最大并发会话数。
    # 这些连接中的一个将保留给具有超级权限的用户，以允许管理员登录，即使已达到连接限制。
    max_connections=151
    
    # soket文件，本地连接时使用
    socket=/opt/mysql-5.7.30/data/mysql.sock
    
    # 建议禁用符号链接以防止各种安全风险
    symbolic-links=0
    
    # 错误日志
    log-error=/opt/mysql-5.7.30/data/mysqld.log
    
    # pid文件
    pid-file=/opt/mysql-5.7.30/data/mysqld.pid
    
    # 表名不区分大小写
    lower_case_table_names=1
    
    # 设置sql_mode
    #sql_mode=ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

## 3.创建用户 ##

\-s /sbin/nologin 指定用户登入后所使用的shell。默认值为/bin/bash。/sbin/nologin，无法使用shell

\-M：不要自动建立用户的登入目录。

\[root@dev1 mysql-5.7.30\]\#  useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql  
\[root@dev1 mysql-5.7.30\]\# id mysql  
uid=1001(mysql) gid=1001(mysql) 组=1001(mysql)

\[root@dev1 mysql-5.7.30\]\# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql-5.7.30

## 4.初始化 ##

\--initialize-insecure 密码为空

\[root@dev1 mysql-5.7.30\]\# /opt/mysql-5.7.30/bin/mysqld **--initialize-insecure** \--user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql-5.7.30 --datadir=/opt/mysql-5.7.30/data  
\[Warning\] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

## 5.创建service文件 ##

\[root@dev1 mysql-5.7.30\]\# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld57.service

或  vi /etc/systemd/system/mysqld57.service

[Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server 5.7
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/opt/mysql-5.7.30/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql-5.7.30/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = max_open_files

## 6.启动服务 ##

\[root@dev1 mysql-5.7.30\]\# systemctl start mysqld57  
\[root@dev1 mysql-5.7.30\]\# netstat -lntup|grep mysqld  
tcp6       0      0 :::3305                 :::\*                    LISTEN      6684/mysqld

## 7.客户端登录 ##

\[root@dev1 log\]\# /opt/mysql-5.7.30/bin/mysql -S /opt/mysql-5.7.30/data/mysql.sock  
/opt/mysql-5.7.30/bin/mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

ncurses-compat-libs

\[root@dev1 ~\]\# yum install ncurses-compat-libs

\[root@dev1 log\]\# /opt/mysql-5.7.30/bin/mysql -S /opt/mysql-5.7.30/data/mysql.sock  
mysql> select @@version;  
\+-----------+  
| @@version |  
\+-----------+  
| 5.7.30    |  
\+-----------+  
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

\[root@bogon bin\]\# ./mysql -uroot -p

如果报错

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock'

可尝试：mysql -uroot -h 127.0.0.1 -p

可以这样处理

ln -s /opt/mysql-5.7.30/data/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

## 8.修改密码，允许远程登录 ##

mysql> use mysql  
Reading table information for completion of table and column names  
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

mysql> ALTER user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';  
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)  
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

# 四、安装MySQL8.0 #

## 1.上传，解压，重命名 ##

\[root@dev1 opt\]\# tar xvJf mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64.tar.xz  
\[root@dev1 opt\]\# mv mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86\_64 mysql-8.0.20

## 2.创建配置文件my.cnf ##

\[root@dev1 opt\]\# cd mysql-8.0.20/  
\[root@dev1 mysql-8.0.20\]\# vi my.cnf

[client]
    port=3308
    
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8mb4
     
    [mysqld]
    # 服务器侦听TCP/IP连接的端口号。
    port=3308
    
    # MySQL安装基础目录的路径。
    basedir=/opt/mysql-8.0.20
    
    # MySQL服务器数据目录的路径。最好将datadir值指定为绝对路径。
    datadir=/opt/mysql-8.0.20/data
    
    # 服务器默认字符集。如果设置此变量，还应设置collation_server以指定字符集的排序规则。
    character-set-server=utf8mb4
    
    # 服务器的默认排序规则。
    collation_server=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
    
    # 表的默认存储引擎。此变量仅为永久表设置存储引擎。
    # 要为临时表设置存储引擎，请设置default_tmp_storage_engine系统变量。
    default-storage-engine=InnoDB
    
    # 允许的最大同时客户端连接数。（1-100000）
    max_connections=151
    
    # 在max_connect_errors之后，来自主机的连续连接请求在没有成功连接的情况下被中断，服务器将阻止该主机进行进一步的连接。
    max_connect_errors=100
    
    # 默认的身份验证插件。(mysql_native_password,sha256_password,caching_sha2_password)
    default_authentication_plugin=caching_sha2_password
    
    # soket文件，本地连接时使用
    socket=/opt/mysql-8.0.20/data/mysql.sock
    
    # 建议禁用符号链接以防止各种安全风险
    symbolic-links=0
    
    # 错误日志
    log-error=/opt/mysql-8.0.20/data/mysqld.log
    
    # pid文件
    pid-file=/opt/mysql-8.0.20/data/mysqld.pid

## 3.创建用户 ##

\-s /sbin/nologin 指定用户登入后所使用的shell。默认值为/bin/bash。/sbin/nologin，无法使用shell

\-M：不要自动建立用户的登入目录。

\[root@dev1 mysql-8.0.20\]\# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql  
useradd：用户“mysql”已存在  
\[root@dev1 mysql-8.0.20\]\# id mysql  
uid=1001(mysql) gid=1001(mysql) 组=1001(mysql)

\[root@dev1 mysql-8.0.20\]\# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql-8.0.20

## 4.初始化 ##

\--initialize-insecure 密码为空

\[root@dev1 mysql-8.0.20\]\# /opt/mysql-8.0.20/bin/mysqld **--initialize-insecure** \--user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql-8.0.20 --datadir=/opt/mysql-8.0.20/data  
\[Warning\] \[MY-010453\] \[Server\] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

## 5.创建service文件 ##

\[root@dev1 mysql-8.0.20\]\# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld80.service

或  vi /etc/systemd/system/mysqld80.service

[Unit]
    Description=MySQL Server 8.0
    Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
    After=network.target
    After=syslog.target
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    [Service]
    User=mysql
    Group=mysql
    ExecStart=/opt/mysql-8.0.20/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/opt/mysql-8.0.20/my.cnf
    LimitNOFILE = max_open_files

## 6.启动服务 ##

\[root@dev1 mysql-8.0.20\]\# systemctl start mysqld80  
\[root@dev1 mysql-8.0.20\]\# netstat -lntup|grep mysqld  
tcp6       0      0 :::33060                :::\*                    LISTEN      9129/mysqld           
tcp6       0      0 :::3305                 :::\*                    LISTEN      7479/mysqld           
tcp6       0      0 :::3308                 :::\*                    LISTEN      9129/mysqld

## 7.客户端登录 ##

\[root@dev1 log\]\# /opt/mysql-8.0.20/bin/mysql -S /opt/mysql-8.0.20/data/mysql.sock  
mysql> select @@version;  
\+-----------+  
| @@version |  
\+-----------+  
| 8.0.20    |  
\+-----------+  
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

## 8.修改密码，允许远程登录 ##

mysql> use mysql  
Reading table information for completion of table and column names  
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed  
mysql> select user,authentication\_string,host from user;  
\+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+  
| user             | authentication\_string                                                  | host      |  
\+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+  
| mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | localhost |  
| mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | localhost |  
| mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | localhost |  
| root             |                                                                        | localhost |  
\+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------+  
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';  
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)  
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 五、文档 #

**[MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual][]**

### [2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries][2.2_Installing MySQL on Unix_Linux Using Generic Binaries] ###

[2.3.4.2 Creating an Option File][2.3.4.2_Creating an Option File]

[4.2.2.2 Using Option Files][4.2.2.2_Using Option Files]

### [5.1.2 Server Configuration Defaults][5.1.2_Server Configuration Defaults] ###

### [5.1.6 Server Command Options][5.1.6_Server Command Options] ###

### [5.1.7 Server System Variables][5.1.7_Server System Variables] （my.cnf中的属性的解释及默认值） ###

## [10.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations][10.4_Connection Character Sets and Collations] ##

**[MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual][]**

### [2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries][2.2_Installing MySQL on Unix_Linux Using Generic Binaries 1] ###

[2.3.4.2 Creating an Option File][2.3.4.2_Creating an Option File 1]

[4.2.2.2 Using Option Files][4.2.2.2_Using Option Files 1]

### [5.1.2 Server Configuration Defaults][5.1.2_Server Configuration Defaults 1] ###

### [5.1.7 Server Command Options][5.1.7_Server Command Options] ###

### [5.1.8 Server System Variables][5.1.8_Server System Variables] （my.cnf中的属性的解释及默认值） ###

## [10.4 Connection Character Sets and Collations][10.4_Connection Character Sets and Collations 1] ##

# 六、yum安装mysq5.7默认配置文件(配置参考) #

my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see
    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
    
    [mysqld]
    #
    # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
    # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
    # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
    #
    # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
    # changes to the binary log between backups.
    # log_bin
    #
    # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
    # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
    # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
    # join_buffer_size = 128M
    # sort_buffer_size = 2M
    # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    
    # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
    symbolic-links=0
    
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

# 七、yum安装mysq8.0默认配置文件(配置参考) #

/etc/my.cnf

#
    # This group is read both both by the client and the server
    # use it for options that affect everything
    #
    [client-server]
    
    #
    # include all files from the config directory
    #
    !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf

#
    # These two groups are read by the client library
    # Use it for options that affect all clients, but not the server
    #
    
    
    [client]
    
    # This group is not read by mysql client library,
    # If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
    # use it for MariaDB-only client options
    [client-mariadb]

/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-default-authentication-plugin.cnf

#
    # MySQL 8.0.4 introduced 'caching_sha2_password' as its default authentication plugin.
    # It is faster and provides better security then the previous default authentication plugin.
    #
    # Until now (09/2018), it does not work with some other software (eg. MariaDB client, MariaDB connectors,  ...)
    #
    # This configuration file changes MySQL default server configuration, so it behaves the same way as in MySQL 5.7.
    #
    # To change the behaviour back to the upstream default, comment out the following lines:
    
    [mysqld]
    default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-server.cnf

#
    # This group are read by MySQL server.
    # Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
    #
    # For advice on how to change settings please see
    # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
    
    # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
    # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
    # customize your systemd unit file for mysqld according to the
    # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
    
    [mysqld]
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[CentOS7.7_MySQL]: https://www.cnblogs.com/centlnx/p/12763775.html#_lab2_3_6
[CentOS 8 _ MySQL 5.7 _ MySQL 8]: https://javascript.net.cn/article?id=673
[A Quick Guide to Using the MySQL Yum Repository]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-yum-repo-quick-guide/en/
[CentOS 8 _MySQL 8.0]: https://www.cnblogs.com/kasnti/p/11929030.html
[https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
[https_cdn.mysql.com_Downloads_MySQL-5.7_mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz]: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[https_cdn.mysql.com_Downloads_MySQL-8.0_mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz]: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hhdmVxaW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601120550175.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hhdmVxaW5n,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hhdmVxaW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601120644660.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2hhdmVxaW5n,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/
[2.2_Installing MySQL on Unix_Linux Using Generic Binaries]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-installation.html
[2.3.4.2_Creating an Option File]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/windows-create-option-file.html
[4.2.2.2_Using Option Files]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/option-files.html
[5.1.2_Server Configuration Defaults]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[5.1.6_Server Command Options]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-options.html
[5.1.7_Server System Variables]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html
[10.4_Connection Character Sets and Collations]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-connection.html
[MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/
[2.2_Installing MySQL on Unix_Linux Using Generic Binaries 1]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/binary-installation.html
[2.3.4.2_Creating an Option File 1]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/windows-create-option-file.html
[4.2.2.2_Using Option Files 1]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/option-files.html
[5.1.2_Server Configuration Defaults 1]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[5.1.7_Server Command Options]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-options.html
[5.1.8_Server System Variables]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html
[10.4_Connection Character Sets and Collations 1]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/charset-connection.html