linux中如何给根分区扩容（centos7为例）

短命女 2023-02-14 07:48 2阅读 0赞

在我们使用liunx时，通常系统任何数据都是存储在根目录下， 但是跟目录是我们在最开始部署机器时设定好的或者要上线硬盘占用率很大的项目时，才发现我们所需要的硬盘容量不够了，导致各种报错，那么我这个运维大鹅 就来分享一下 如何给根分区扩容！！！

## 最好在服务器关机时操作并且我们要机房实体机上安装新的硬盘 ##

1.首先查看我们的查看的分区信息  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
2.然后查看我们的跟分区是lvm逻辑卷引导格式  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
3.这里我们扩容的硬盘就是sdb0 是5g大小  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
进行分区格式化  
![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]  
发现已经分区成功  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
4.讲sdb1分区创建为物理卷

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

查看硬盘状态信息

[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay -v
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               centos
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  3
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                2
      Open LV               2
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               <19.00 GiB
      PE Size               4.00 MiB
      Total PE              4863
      Alloc PE / Size       4863 / <19.00 GiB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               KdN0TT-cRIy-daEX-rKyl-MdJz-ualK-cCQ5Ns
       
      --- Logical volume ---
      LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
      LV Name                swap
      VG Name                centos
      LV UUID                yAn7Cg-Rczt-ouUf-zLPV-sKzU-kOj2-mqVAEz
      LV Write Access        read/write
      LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-05-25 15:29:48 +0800
      LV Status              available
      # open 2
      LV Size                2.00 GiB
      Current LE             512
      Segments               1
      Allocation             inherit
      Read ahead sectors     auto
      - currently set to     256
      Block device           253:1
       
      --- Logical volume ---
      LV Path                /dev/centos/root
      LV Name                root
      VG Name                centos  
      LV UUID                tsN8j4-GHsb-g9ad-PVO1-sWQ9-wID1-93SNL1
      LV Write Access        read/write
      LV Creation host, time localhost, 2020-05-25 15:29:49 +0800
      LV Status              available
      # open 1
      LV Size                <17.00 GiB
      Current LE             4351
      Segments               1
      Allocation             inherit
      Read ahead sectors     auto
      - currently set to     256
      Block device           253:0
       
      --- Physical volumes ---
      PV Name               /dev/sda2     
      PV UUID               EAmI3a-sYw0-b1fU-ZzhC-rw9n-k1bA-huC0Vn
      PV Status             allocatable
      Total PE / Free PE    4863 / 0

其中 下面4分之3处 就是我们根分区信息以及挂载位置

![在这里插入图片描述][2020060119504679.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200601195356406.png]

5.扩展容量到根分区所在的卷组

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
      Volume group "centos" successfully extended

6.最后一步扩展根目录卷组下分区到逻辑卷生效

这里有两种方式

第一种扩展卷组里全部剩余容量到逻辑卷

[root@v1 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/cl/root

第二种只扩容设定容量到逻辑卷

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/centos/root
      Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to <19.00 GiB (4863 extents).
      Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

最后验证  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
因为df -H 是查看文件系统，而我们的扩展的是lvs逻辑卷所以df查看还是17g大小  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
目的到达：  
**lvs 查看逻辑卷状态发现 多了2g 还剩余 2g  
lsblk查看根目录容量已经从17G扩展到19G**

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601193230440.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601193422583.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601193857943.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020060119413549.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601194247177.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[2020060119504679.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020060119504679.png
[20200601195356406.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601195356406.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601201205659.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601201728870.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2h0OTk5OWk=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70