如何访问Docker容器的外壳？

叁歲伎倆 2023-02-15 01:28 27阅读 0赞

本文向您展示如何使用`docker exec -it <container ID or Name> <sh or bash>`来访问或进入容器的外壳。

Terminal

# docker exec -it <contaier ID or name> <command>
    
    $ docker exec -it a5df11a07a0e bash
    /opt/app #  
    
    $ docker exec -it stoic_bhaskara sh
    /opt/app #

`docker exec -it`表示以交互方式在正在运行的Docker容器上运行命令。

## 1. DockerFile ##

该`openjdk11:alpine-jre`容器正在使用`openjdk11:alpine-jre`映像。

Dockerfile

FROM adoptopenjdk/openjdk11:alpine-jre
    
    ARG JAR_FILE=target/markdown.jar
    ARG SSL_FILE=cert.p12
    
    WORKDIR /opt/app
    
    COPY ${JAR_FILE} webapp.jar
    COPY ${SSL_FILE} .
    
    ENTRYPOINT ["java","-jar","webapp.jar"]

## 2.访问Docker容器的外壳 ##

在Docker容器中构建，启动和运行`webapp`

Terminal

$ cd project/webapp/
    
    $ docker build -t webapp:0.1 .
    
    $ docker run -d -p 80:8080 -p 443:8443 -t webapp:0.1

列出所有正在运行的Docker容器。

Terminal

$ docker ps
    
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND               CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                         NAMES
    a5df11a07a0e        webapp:0.1    "java -jar app.jar"   8 seconds ago       Up 7 seconds        0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:443->8443/tcp   stoic_bhaskara

该命令尝试访问上述正在运行的Docker容器的外壳。

Terminal

# docker exec -it <contaier ID or name> <shell, sh|bash>
    
    $ docker exec -it stoic_bhaskara sh
    /opt/app #
    
    $ docker exec -it a5df11a07a0e bash
    /opt/app #

如果我们尝试访问不存在的内容：

Terminal

$ docker exec -it 5c27d3cfdfa3 sh
    
    Error response from daemon: Container 5c27d3cfdfa35c627c323996e5a092ee666cb07bd59285aead8a5ee02a89841c is not running

## 3.什么是它？ ##

以供参考。

Terminal

$ docker --help
    
    exec        Run a command in a running container
    
    $ docker exec --help
    
    -i, --interactive          Keep STDIN open even if not attached
        --privileged           Give extended privileges to the command
    -t, --tty                  Allocate a pseudo-TTY

Terminal

$ docker exec --help
    
    Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
    
    Run a command in a running container
    
    Options:
    -d, --detach               Detached mode: run command in the background
        --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a
                               container
    -e, --env list             Set environment variables
    -i, --interactive          Keep STDIN open even if not attached
        --privileged           Give extended privileges to the command
    -t, --tty                  Allocate a pseudo-TTY
    -u, --user string          Username or UID (format:
                               <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
    -w, --workdir string       Working directory inside the container

## 参考文献 ##

*  [docker exec参考][docker exec]

标签： [码头][Link 1] [工人][Link 2] [码头][Link 1] [工人提示][Link 2]

> 翻译自: [https://mkyong.com/docker/how-to-access-the-docker-containers-shell/][https_mkyong.com_docker_how-to-access-the-docker-containers-shell]

[docker exec]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/
[Link 1]: https://mkyong.com/tag/docker/
[Link 2]: https://mkyong.com/tag/docker-tips/
[https_mkyong.com_docker_how-to-access-the-docker-containers-shell]: https://mkyong.com/docker/how-to-access-the-docker-containers-shell/