抓包分析SSL/TLS连接建立过程

た入场券 2023-02-15 03:58 56阅读 0赞

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1、前言

如今全站https的趋势越来越强烈，互联网对安全的认识越来越深入。本文根据自己的实际情况，对SSL链接建立做个总结。SSL相关的非对称加密和加密，涉及到公钥、私钥、证书、对称密钥，这些非常复杂，本文不会涉及。本文重点介绍SSL的握手过程，客户端和服务端的步骤，通过wireshark抓包分析整个过程。

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2、基本概念

SSL：（Secure Socket Layer，安全套接字层），位于可靠的面向连接的网络层协议和应用层协议之间的一种协议层。SSL通过互相认证、使用数字签名确保完整性、使用加密确保私密性，以实现客户端和服务器之间的安全通讯。该协议由两层组成：SSL记录协议和SSL握手协议。

TLS：(Transport Layer Security，传输层安全协议)，用于两个应用程序之间提供保密性和数据完整性。该协议由两层组成：TLS记录协议和TLS握手协议。

TLS是在SSL的基础上标准化的产物，目前SSL3.0与TLS1.0保持一致的，二者是并列关系，只是大家习惯称呼SSL。注明的web服务nginx默认支持的就是TLS1.0、TLS1.1、TLS1.2协议。调用的openssl库中，对应的就是ssl3\_acceptt函数。

SSL/TLS位于传输层和应用层之间，应用层数据不再直接传递给传输层，而是传递给SSL层，SSL层对从应用层收到的数据进行加密，并增加自己的SSL头。

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3、握手过程

我使用nginx搭建了一个https的服务，nginx的默认ssl cipher为HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; 不同的cipher 决定了握手的交互过程。chrome浏览器支持的cipher如下所示：

cipher的格式为：认证算法\_密钥交换算法\_加密算法\_ 摘要算法

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首先看看最基本的基于RSA的密钥协商算法，配置的ssl sipher为 AES256-GCM-SHA256。

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使用wireshark抓包分析，抓包如下所示：

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从上面报文可以看出，SSL建立过程如下图所示：

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使用椭圆曲线（ECDHE）算法作为密钥交换算法，配置ssl ciper为：![format_png 8][]，交互流程如下所示：

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抓包看如下：

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从上面报文可以看出，SSL建立过程如下图所示：

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相比RSA算法而言，握手过程多了一个server key exchange步骤

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RSA算法服务端没有Server key Exchange。

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**4、参考资料**

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2014/09/illustration-ssl.html

https://blog.cloudflare.com/keyless-ssl-the-nitty-gritty-technical-details/

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[MySQL执行计划解析][MySQL]

[三个方案解决Elasticsearch深度翻页问题][Elasticsearch]

[大型系统的发布部署方案（图文）][Link 1]

[分布式系统中Redis为什么那么重要？][Redis]

[彻底搞清分库分表（垂直分库，垂直分表，水平分库，水平分表）][Link 2]

[小白也能学会的RAID磁盘冗余阵列教程][RAID]

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[RAID]: https://blog.csdn.net/u012811805/article/details/105347148
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