第七章 Auth2微服务鉴权jwt方式笔记

分手后的思念是犯贱 2023-02-16 04:14 25阅读 0赞

# **一、搭建认证服务器** #

JWT：**json web token****是一种无状态的权限认证方式**，一般用于前后端分离，时效性比较极端的权限校验，jwt模式获取token跟前面的客户端、密码、授权码模式是一样的，只是需要配置秘钥。

## **1、服务端环境准备** ##

新建认证服务器：springcloud-micro-jwt

### **1.1、添加pom依赖，与前面的其他模式一样** ###

**  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId>  
</dependency>

### **1.2、添加配置** ###

不需要添加

### **1.3、核心配置类代码实现** ###

*/\*\**  
* \* JWT方式配置类*  
*\* \*/*  
@Configuration  
@EnableAuthorizationServer  
public class OAuth2JwtConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter \{   
    @Autowired  
    @Qualifier("authenticationManagerBean")  
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;  
    @Autowired  
    private MyUserDetailsService myUserDetailsService;  
    @Autowired  
    private DataSource dataSource;  
    @Override  
    public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception \{   
        *// 配置token的存储方式为JwtTokenStore*  
*        *endpoints.tokenStore(tokenStore())  
                *// 配置用于JWT私钥加密的增强器*  
*                *.tokenEnhancer(jwtTokenEnhancer())  
                *// 配置安全认证管理*  
*                *.authenticationManager(authenticationManager)  
                .userDetailsService(myUserDetailsService);  
    \}  
*    @Bean*  
*    *public TokenStore tokenStore() \{   
        return new JwtTokenStore(jwtTokenEnhancer());  
    \}  
*    @Bean*  
*    *protected JwtAccessTokenConverter jwtTokenEnhancer() \{   
        *// 配置jks文件*  
*        *KeyStoreKeyFactory keyStoreKeyFactory = new KeyStoreKeyFactory(new ClassPathResource("springcloud-micro-jwt.jks"), "123456".toCharArray());  
        JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter();  
        converter.setKeyPair(keyStoreKeyFactory.getKeyPair("springcloud-micro-jwt"));  
        return converter;  
    \}  
    @Override  
    public void configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer oauthServer) throws Exception \{   
        *// 对获取Token的请求不再拦截*  
*        *oauthServer.tokenKeyAccess("permitAll()")  
                .checkTokenAccess("isAuthenticated()");*// 验证获取Token的验证信息*  
*    *\}  
\}

### **1.4、WebSecurity配置代码如下所示：** ###

@Configuration  
@EnableWebSecurity  
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter \{   
    @Autowired  
    private UserServiceDetail userServiceDetail;  
    @Override  
    public @Bean  
    AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception \{   
        return super.authenticationManagerBean();  
    \}  
*    *@Override  
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception \{   
        http.csrf().disable();*//关闭CSRF*  
*//                .exceptionHandling()*  
*//                .authenticationEntryPoint((request, response, authException) -> response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC\_UNAUTHORIZED))*  
*//                .and()*  
*//                .authorizeRequests()*  
*//                .antMatchers("/oauth/\*\*").permitAll()*  
 *               .antMatchers("/\*\*").authenticated()*  
*//                .and()*  
*//                .httpBasic();*  
*        *http.requestMatchers().anyRequest()  
                .and()  
                .authorizeRequests()  
                .antMatchers("/oauth/\*\*").permitAll();  
    \}  
    @Bean  
    PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() \{   
        return PasswordEncoderFactories.*createDelegatingPasswordEncoder*();  
    \}  
    @Bean  
    public static NoOpPasswordEncoder noOpPasswordEncoder() \{   
        return (NoOpPasswordEncoder) NoOpPasswordEncoder.*getInstance*();  
    \}  
    @Override  
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception \{   
        auth.userDetailsService(userServiceDetail).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());  
    \}  
\}

### **1.5、HttpSecurity配置属性说明：** ###

access(String) 如果给定的SpEL表达式计算结果为true，就允许访问

anonymous() 允许匿名用户访问

authenticated() 允许认证的用户进行访问

denyAll() 无条件拒绝所有访问

fullyAuthenticated() 如果用户是完整认证的话（不是通过Remember-me功能认证的），就允许访问

hasAuthority(String) 如果用户具备给定权限的话就允许访问

hasAnyAuthority(String…)如果用户具备给定权限中的某一个的话，就允许访问

hasRole(String) 如果用户具备给定角色(用户组)的话,就允许访问/

hasAnyRole(String…) 如果用户具有给定角色(用户组)中的一个的话,允许访问.

hasIpAddress(String 如果请求来自给定ip地址的话,就允许访问.

not() 对其他访问结果求反.

permitAll() 无条件允许访问

rememberMe() 如果用户是通过Remember-me功能认证的，就允许访问

### **1.6、启动服务测试** ###

...

## **2、客户端环境准备** ##

新建业务客户端项目：springcloud-micro-jwt-web

### **1.1、添加pom依赖** ###

**  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>  
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-oauth2</artifactId>  
</dependency>

### **1.2、添加配置application.yml** ###

*\#spring:*  
*\#  security:*  
*\#    user:*  
*\#      name: admin*  
*\#      password: admin*  
*\# 服务鉴权配置*  
security:  
  oauth2:  
    resource:  
      jwt:  
        key-uri: http://localhost:8081/jwt/oauth/token\_key  
      service: uni-meta-provider  
    client:  
      access-token-validity-seconds: 36000  
      clientId: pc  
      client-secret: 123456  
      access-token-uri: http://localhost:8081/oauth/token  
      grant-type: password *\# refresh\_token client\_credentials password authorization\_code*  
*      *scope: all

### **1.3、添加配置类代码** ###

@Configuration  
public class JwtConfig \{   
    @Autowired  
    private JwtAccessTokenConverter jwtAccessTokenConverter;  
    @Bean  
    @Qualifier("tokenStore")  
    public TokenStore tokenStore() \{   
        return new JwtTokenStore(jwtAccessTokenConverter);  
    \}  
    @Bean  
    public JwtAccessTokenConverter jwtTokenEnhancer() \{   
        *// 用作JWT转换器*  
*        *JwtAccessTokenConverter converter =  new JwtAccessTokenConverter();  
        Resource resource = new ClassPathResource("public.cert");  
        String publicKey;  
        try \{   
            publicKey = new String(FileCopyUtils.*copyToByteArray*(resource.getInputStream()));  
        \} catch (IOException e) \{   
            throw new RuntimeException(e);  
        \}  
        *//设置公钥*  
*        *converter.setVerifierKey(publicKey);  
        return converter;  
    \}  
\}

资源服务器开启@EnableResourceServer

@Configuration  
@EnableResourceServer  
public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter \{   
    @Autowired  
    private TokenStore tokenStore;  
    @Override  
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception \{   
        http.csrf().disable()  
                .authorizeRequests()  
                .antMatchers("/user/login","/user/register").permitAll()  
                .antMatchers("/\*\*").authenticated();  
    \}  
    @Override  
    public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources) throws Exception \{   
        resources.tokenStore(tokenStore);  
    \}  
\}

### **1.4、启动服务测试** ###

...

## **3、生成秘钥、公钥文件** ##

### **3.1、生成秘钥文件** ###

cd到jdk的bin目录执行该指令，会在bin目录下生成xxx.jks文件，把该文件放到认证服务工程里面的resources目录下：

**管理员身份运行cmd执行命令：**keytool -genkeypair -alias springcloud-micro-jwt -validity 3650 -keyalg RSA -dname "CN=jwt,OU=jtw,O=jwt,L=zurich,S=zurich, C=CH" -keypass 123456 -keystore springcloud-micro-jwt.jks -storepass 123456

生成如下文件：springcloud-micro-jwt.jks

然后将该文件放到认证服务器的resources目录下。

### **3.2、生成公钥** ###

keytool -list -rfc --springcloud-micro-jwt.jks | openssl x509 -inform pem -pubkey

把生成的公钥内容放到public.cert文件中，内容如下：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzM3NjYxNDU4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

把公钥文件放到客户端的resources目录下。

# **二、JWT token获取** #

## **1、密码模式获取jwt token：** ##

访问地址：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzM3NjYxNDU4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

密码模式获取token：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzM3NjYxNDU4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

Jwt的token信息分成三个部分，用“.”号分割的。

第一部分：头信息，通过base64加密生成。

第二部分：有效载荷，通过base64加密生成。

第三部分：签名，根据头信息中的加密算法通过，RSA(base64(头信息) + “.” + base64(有效载荷))生成的第三部分内容。

可以到jwt的官网看看这三部分信息的具体内容：jwt官网jwt.io

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