Django中表单Form的使用

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2023-02-18 12:52 23阅读 0赞

#### 在Django中对表单form的定义涉及三个文件： ####

**1、model.py：**  
定义form对应到数据库中的表，如：

from django.db import models
    
    # Create your models here.
    from django.db import models
    
    
    class Student(models.Model):
        SEX_ITEMS = [
            (1, '男'),
            (2, '女'),
            (0, '未知'),
        ]
        STATUS_ITEMS = [
            (0, '申请'),
            (1, '通过'),
            (2, '拒绝'),
        ]
        name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="姓名")
        sex = models.IntegerField(choices=SEX_ITEMS, verbose_name="性别")
        profession = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="专业")
        email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="Email")
        qq = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="QQ")
        phone = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name="手机号码")
        status = models.IntegerField(choices=STATUS_ITEMS, default=0, verbose_name="审核状态")
        created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, editable=False, verbose_name="创建时间")
    
        @property
        def sex_show(self):
            return dict(self.SEX_ITEMS)[self.sex]
    
        @classmethod
        def get_all(cls):
            return cls.objects.all()
    
        class Meta:
            verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = "学员信息"
    
        def __str__(self):
            return '<Student: {}>'.format(self.name)

**2、admin.py:**  
定义form对应的数据在后台显示的字段可可编辑字段，如：

from django.contrib import admin
    
    from .models import Student
    
    
    @admin.register(Student)
    class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = ['id', 'name', 'sex', 'profession', 'email', 'qq', 'phone',
                        'status', 'created_time']
        list_filter = ('sex', 'status', 'created_time')
        search_fields = ('name', 'profession')
        fieldsets = (
            (None, {
        
                'fields': (
                    'name',
                    ('sex', 'profession'),
                    ('email', 'qq', 'phone'),
                    'status',
                )
            }),
        )

3、**在包含form定义的APP目录下新建forms.py文件，在该文件中定义form在前台显示的字段，同时对前台提交的字段进行验证，如：**

#!/usr/bin/env python
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    from django import forms
    
    import re
    
    from .models import Student
    
    
    class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
        # 增加QQ号必须为纯数字的校验
        def clean_qq(self):
            cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data['qq']
            if not cleaned_data.isdigit():
                raise forms.ValidationError('必须是数字！')
            return int(cleaned_data)
    
        # 增加手机号是否合法的验证
        def clean_phone(self):
            """
            通过正则表达式验证手机号码是否合法
            :return: 手机号码
            """
            mobile = self.cleaned_data['phone']
            mobile_regex = r'^1[34578]\d{9}$'
            p = re.compile(mobile_regex)
            if p.match(mobile):
                return int(mobile)
            else:
                raise forms.ValidationError('请填入有效的手机号码。', code='invalid mobile')
    
        class Meta:
            model = Student  # 复用models.py里面的代码
            # 前台显示可编辑的字段
            fields = (
                'name', 'sex', 'profession',
                'email', 'qq', 'phone'
            )

clean\_开头的函数，django会逐个运行，所以可以在这些函数中对前台提交的字段数进行验证。  
**forms.py中clean开头的函数执行地方在保存数据到instance的时候：**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d1YW5tYW9uaW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d1YW5tYW9uaW5n_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200618204210263.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2d1YW5tYW9uaW5n,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70