KVM virsh命令

清疚 2023-02-18 15:23 1阅读 0赞

**@查看虚拟机**  
virsh list  查看运行的虚拟机  
virsh list --all  查看所有定义了的虚拟机，包括没有运行的  
说明：在所有需要名称作为参数的virsh命令中，可以用ID号代替虚拟机的名称，但ID号是不固定的，每次启动虚拟机会改变，并且只有运行中的虚拟机有ID。

ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep qemu  查看当前Qemu进程。  
说明：每个虚拟机都是一个Qemu进程，当虚拟机遇到问题无法关闭时，可以通过kill的方式干掉它。

**@virt-manager打开管理控制台**

![20200619175407487.png][]

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**@virsh命令创建、启动、关机、销毁虚拟机**  
(定义) virsh define <vmname>.xml \-> 如果xml文件不在当前路径下，xml文件要写全路径

(启动) virsh start <vmname>      -> <vmname>为虚拟机xml配置文件中虚拟机的名字<name>vm001</name>

(停止) virsh shutdown <vmname>   -> 此方法为正常关机方法，需要一段才能关机

(下电) virsh destroy <vmname>    -> 此方法为暴力下电，虚拟机立即关闭

(删除) virsh undefine <vmname>   -> 关闭了的虚拟机，只是不在运行状态而已，通过virsh undefine xxx就能从virsh列表里面将其删除，undefine命令不会删除镜像文件和xml文件。运行状态的虚拟机是不能删除的。

(临时起虚拟机) virsh create <vmname>.xml \-> 此方法为方便开发调试等临时需求，不会持久化，虚拟机关机后就消失了，不推荐生产系统使用。

(设置虚拟机跟随系统自启) virsh autostart <vmname>

(关闭虚拟机自启) virsh autostart --disable <vmname>

**\[例\] virsh相关命令举例**

1）virsh list 查看运行的虚拟机

[root@localhost ~]# virsh list
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     8     vm002                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
    [root@localhost ~]#

2）virsh list --all 查看所有定义了的虚拟机

[root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     8     vm002                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
    [root@localhost ~]#

3）virsh shutdown <vmname>  正常关机方法，需要一段时间才能关机

[root@localhost ~]# virsh shutdown vm002
    Domain vm002 is being shutdown
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
     -     vm002                          shut off
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
    [root@localhost ~]#

4）virsh start <vmname> 启动虚拟机，其中vmname是xml配置文件中虚拟机的名字<name>vm001</name>

[root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm002
    Domain vm002 started
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
     11    vm002                          running
    
    [root@localhost ~]#

5）virsh destroy <vmname>  暴力下电，虚拟机立即关闭

[root@localhost ~]# virsh destroy vm002
    Domain vm002 destroyed
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
     -     vm002                          shut off
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm002
    Domain vm002 started
    [root@localhost ~]#

5）关闭了的虚拟机，只是不在运行状态而已，通过virsh undefine <vmname> 将其从virsh列表中删除

说明：undefine命令不会删除镜像文件和xml文件，不会删除运行状态的虚拟机

[root@localhost ~]# virsh undefine vm002
    Domain vm002 has been undefined
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
     12    vm002                          running
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
     12    vm002                          running
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh shutdown vm002
    Domain vm002 is being shutdown
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh undefine vm002
    error: failed to get domain 'vm002'
    error: Domain not found: no domain with matching name 'vm002'
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
    
    [root@localhost ~]#

6）virsh create <vmname>.xml  该方法创建虚拟机不会持久化，关机后就消失了，不推荐生产系统使用

[root@localhost ~]# virsh create vm002.xml
    Domain vm002 created from vm002.xml
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
     13    vm002                          running
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh shutdown vm002.xml
    error: failed to get domain 'vm002.xml'
    error: Domain not found: no domain with matching name 'vm002.xml'
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh destroy vm002.xml
    error: failed to get domain 'vm002.xml'
    error: Domain not found: no domain with matching name 'vm002.xml'
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
     13    vm002                          running
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh undefine vm002
    error: Failed to undefine domain vm002
    error: Requested operation is not valid: cannot undefine transient domain
    
    [root@localhost ~]# ssh root@10.123.123.123
    The authenticity of host '10.123.123.123 (10.123.123.123)' can't be established.
    ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:N9O+aFQrSPZvdkYyuLBXY9d169fXKYBEDZm3TXYVeSM.
    ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:04:92:1a:95:9c:96:00:11:42:12:33:94:6f:b8:a3:e4.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
    Warning: Permanently added '10.123.123.123' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
    root@10.123.123.123's password:
    Last login: Tue Jun 16 11:22:17 2020
    [root@vm002 ~]# shutdown -h now
    Connection to 10.123.123.123 closed by remote host.
    Connection to 10.123.123.123 closed.
    [root@localhost ~]#
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
    
    [root@localhost ~]#

7）virsh define <vmname>.xml 创建虚拟机，如果xml文件不在当前路径下，要写全路径

[root@localhost ~]# virsh define vm002.xml
    Domain vm002 defined from vm002.xml
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
     -     vm002                          shut off
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh start vm002
    Domain vm002 started
    
    [root@localhost ~]# virsh list --all
     Id    Name                           State
    ----------------------------------------------------
     3     vm001                          running
     9     vm003                          running
     10    vm004                          running
     14    vm002                          running
    
    [root@localhost ~]#

**@KVM删除虚拟机具体步骤**  
virsh list  查看要删除的虚拟机  
virsh destroy <vm to del>   强制停止虚拟机  
virsh undefine <vm to del>  删除虚拟机  
updatedb  更新当前文件  
locate <vm to del>  查找包含要删除虚拟机的所有内容  
rm -rf xxx   删除相关虚拟机的一切内容  
updatedb   更新当前文件  
locate <vm to del>  确保要删除虚拟机的相关文件彻底删除

**@虚拟机XML文件**

<domain type='kvm'>
      
      <name>vm001</name>
      
      <uuid>8ef72578-ca8a-4bd9-a6c4-ec4d5af7e770</uuid>
      
      <memory unit='KiB'>24576000</memory>
      
      <currentMemory unit='KiB'>24576000</currentMemory>
      
      <vcpu placement='static'>4</vcpu>
      
      <os>
        <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
        <boot dev='hd'/>
      </os>
      
      <features>
        <acpi/>
        <apic/>
      </features>
      <cpu mode='host-model' check='partial'>
        <model fallback='allow'/>
      </cpu>
      <clock offset='utc'>
        <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
        <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
        <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
      </clock>
      
      <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
      <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
      <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
      <pm>
        <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
        <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
      </pm>
      
      <devices>
        <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
        
        <disk type='file' device='disk'>
          <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
          <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm001.qcow2'/>
          <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
        </disk>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x7'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
          <master startport='0'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
          <master startport='2'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x1'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
          <master startport='4'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x2'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
        <controller type='ide' index='0'>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
        </controller>
        <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
        </controller>
        
        <interface type='bridge'>
          <mac address='00:50:56:00:00:0b'/>
          <source bridge='br0'/>
          <model type='e1000'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
        </interface>
        <interface type='bridge'>
          <mac address='52:54:00:7d:af:4c'/>
          <source bridge='br0'/>
          <model type='e1000'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
        </interface>
        <serial type='pty'>
          <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
            <model name='isa-serial'/>
          </target>
        </serial>
        <console type='pty'>
          <target type='serial' port='0'/>
        </console>
        <channel type='spicevmc'>
          <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/>
          <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
        </channel>
        <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
          <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
        </input>
        <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
        <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
        <graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'>
          <listen type='address'/>
          <image compression='off'/>
        </graphics>
        <sound model='ich6'>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
        </sound>
        <video>
          <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
        </video>
        <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
          <address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/>
        </redirdev>
        <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
          <address type='usb' bus='0' port='3'/>
        </redirdev>
        <memballoon model='virtio'>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09' function='0x0'/>
        </memballoon>
      </devices>
    </domain>

创建启动虚拟机后可以找到以下文件

[root@localhost ~]# locate vm001
    /etc/libvirt/qemu/vm001.xml
    /var/vm001
    /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm001.qcow2
    /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/domain-9-vm001
    /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-9-vm001
    /var/lib/libvirt/qemu/domain-9-vm001/monitor.sock
    /var/log/libvirt/qemu/vm001.log
    [root@localhost ~]#

**@关于网卡类型**

*参考：*KVM虚拟机网络配置 Bridge方式，NAT方式  https://blog.csdn.net/hzhsan/article/details/44098537/  
ovirt几种网卡（e1000, rtl8139,virtio）https://blog.csdn.net/gyunling/article/details/104748662/  
CentOS 7下的KVM网卡配置为千兆网卡 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin\_33961829/article/details/86265094

**@virt-install**

*参考：*virt-install命令---详解  https://www.cnblogs.com/saryli/p/11827903.html

**@virt-clone**

*参考：*CentOS7.1 KVM虚拟化之虚拟机克隆 https://blog.csdn.net/hnhuangyiyang/article/details/50885755  
关于kvm虚拟机的克隆方法总结 https://www.cnblogs.com/5201351/p/4461000.html

参考资料:

virsh常用命令 https://blog.csdn.net/jiahaojie1984/article/details/23425695  
KVM虚拟机的xml配置文件 https://blog.csdn.net/liukuan73/article/details/46049579

[20200619175407487.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200619175407487.png
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