POSTMAN的使用

港控/mmm° 2023-02-20 12:21 1阅读 0赞

> 一、下载和安装

官网直接下载（邮箱注册即可）  
[POSTMAN官网][POSTMAN]

> 二、数据同步和创建测试集

1.创建测试集  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

> 三、API请求和查看响应结果

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
**请求方式get（一般在params中添加参数）**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
**请求方式put**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
**请求方法post**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
**请求方法delete**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

> 四、切换环境和设置变量

**添加环境**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

**设置变量**

## ~环境变量 ##

1）设置环境变量*pm.environment.set(“变量名”, “url”);*

//设置环境变量
    pm.environment.set("test", "https://www.baidu.com");
    console.log("设置环境变量"+pm.environment.get("test"));

2）获取环境变量*pm.environment.get(“变量名”);*

var s=pm.environment.get("test");//var 定义变量
    console.log("获取环境变量"+s);//console.log 打印

3）清除一个环境变量*pm.environment.unset(“变量名”);*

pm.environment.unset("test");

## 全局变量 ##

1）设置全局变量*pm.globals.set(“全局变量名”, “值”);*

pm.globals.set("number", "1");
    console.log("设置全局变量"+pm.globals.get("number"));

2）获取全局变量*pm.globals.get(“全局变量名”);*

var b=pm.globals.get("number");
    console.log("获取全局变量"+b)

3）清除全局变量*pm.globals.unset(“全局变量名”);*

var d=pm.globals.unset("number");
    console.log("删除全局变量"+d);

> 五、常见断言

1）判断请求是否为200

pm.test("Status code is 200", function () {
        
        pm.response.to.have.status(200);
    });

2）检查响应主体是否包含字符串

pm.test("Body matches string", function () {
        
        pm.expect(pm.response.text()).to.include('"retcode": 2');
    });

3）响应体json的验证

pm.test("响应体Json验证", function () {
        
        var jsonData = pm.response.json();
        pm.expect(jsonData.retcode).to.eql(0);
    });

4）验证响应头 Content-Type

pm.test("Content-Type is present", function () {
        
        pm.response.to.have.header("Content-Type");
    });

5)响应时间的验证是否小于200ms

pm.test("Response time is less than 200ms", function () {
        
        pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(200);
    });

6）成功的响应状态是否包含

pm.test("Successful POST request", function () {
        
        pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.be.oneOf([200,202]);
    });

7）状态码值的验证

pm.test("Status code name has string", function () {
        
        pm.response.to.have.status("OK");

> 6.postman集合批量执行

1生成批量数据  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]  
2修改请求参数  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]  
3添加断言  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200630150926796.png]  
4批量运行  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200630151603269.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]  
生成测试报告  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1VuY2xlX3dhbmdjb2Rl_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]

[POSTMAN]: https://www.postman.com
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