Django 之模板篇

淩亂°似流年 2023-02-24 08:13 30阅读 0赞

###  ###

*  模板系统
 *   *  模板-变量
     *  模板-标签
     *  if 标签
     *  csrf 标签
     *  源码

> \[欢迎阅读本专栏其他文章\]  
> [Django 之路由篇][Django]  
> [Django 之视图篇][Django 1]  
> [Django 之 Models（Models 模型 & 数据表关系）][Django _ Models_Models _ _]

# 模板系统 #

> 用到的代码会放在文末

*  模板：一组相同或者相似的页面，在需要个性化的地方进行留白，需要的时候只是用数据填充就可以使用
 *  步骤:
    
    1.  在settings中进行设置: TEMPLATES
    2.  在templates文件夹下编写模板并调用

## 模板-变量 ##

*  变量的表示方法；\{ \{var\_name\}\}
 *  在系统调用模板的时候，会用相应的数据查找相应的变量名称，如果能找到，则填充，或者叫渲染，否则，跳过
 *  案例 `two.html`

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>案例二</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <h1 style="color: red">Hello {
       {name}}</h1>
    <h1 style="color: blue">Hello {
       {name2}}</h1>
    </body>
    </html>

## 模板-标签 ##

*  for标签： \{% for … in … %\}
 *  用法：
    
        {% for .. in .. %}
              循环语句
          {% endfor %}
 *  案例 `three.html`，显示班级成绩

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>案例三</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
    {% for s in score %}
    
        <h1 style="color: deeppink">{
       {s}}</h1>
    
    {% endfor %}
    
    </body>
    </html>

## if 标签 ##

*  用来判断条件
 *  代码示例：
    
        {& if 条件 &}
              条件成立执行语句
          {% elif 条件 %}
              条件成立执行语句
          {% else %}
              以上条件都不成立执行语句
          {% endif %}
 *  案例 `four.html`

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>案例四</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
        {% if name == "ruochen" %}
            <h1>
            {
       {name}}, 你好，
            </h1>
        {% elif name == "ruo" %}
            <h1>
            {
       {name}}, 你还记得大明湖畔的下雨天的荷吗？
            </h1>
        {% else %}
            <h1>
            {
       {name}}, 你还有遗憾吗？
            </h1>
        {% endif %}
    </body>
    </html>

## csrf 标签 ##

*  csrf：跨站请求伪造
 *  在提交表单的时候，表单页面需要加上 \{% csrf\_token %\}
 *  案例`five_get`, `five_post`

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>案例五</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    
        <form action="/five_post/" method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            用户名: <input type="text" placeholder="请输入用户名" name="username">
            <br>
            密码: <input type="password" name="password">
            <br>
            <input type="submit" value="提交">
        </form>
    
    </body>
    </html>

## 源码 ##

*  urls.py

from django.conf.urls import include, url
    from django.contrib import admin
    from mytpl import views as v
    
    urlpatterns = [
        # Examples:
        # url(r'^$', 'django_tpl.views.home', name='home'),
        # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
    
        url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
        url(r'^one/', v.one),
        url(r'^two/', v.two),
        url(r'^three/', v.three),
        url(r'^four/', v.four),
        url(r'^five_get/', v.five_get),
        url(r'^five_post/', v.five_post),
    
    ]

*  views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.http import HttpResponse
    
    # Create your views here.
    
    def one(request):
        return render(request, r'one.html')
    
    def two(request):
        # 用来存放模板中传递的数据
        ct = dict()
        ct['name'] = 'ruochen'
        ct['name2'] = 'ruo'
        return render(request, r'two.html', context=ct)
    
    def three(request):
        ct = dict()
        ct['score'] = [99, 86, 23, 100, 46]
        return render(request, r'three.html', context=ct)
    
    def four(request):
        ct = dict()
        ct['name'] = 'ru'
    
        return render(request, r'four.html', context=ct)
    
    def five_get(request):
        return render(request, r'five_get.html')
    
    def five_post(request):
        print(request.POST)
        return render(request, r'one.html')

*  settings.py

""" Django settings for django_tpl project. Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.8. For more information on this file, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/settings/ For the full list of settings and their values, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/ """
    
    # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
    import os
    
    BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    
    
    # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
    # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/deployment/checklist/
    
    # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
    SECRET_KEY = '_qwgzdbkb&m5tzm%@b*^xh7(!u-)-v&&uk896dxj)wj3^@h_xb'
    
    # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
    DEBUG = True
    
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
    
    
    # Application definition
    
    INSTALLED_APPS = (
        'django.contrib.admin',
        'django.contrib.auth',
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
        'django.contrib.sessions',
        'django.contrib.messages',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles',
        'mytpl',
    )
    
    MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
        'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    )
    
    ROOT_URLCONF = 'django_tpl.urls'
    
    TEMPLATES = [
        { 
            'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
            # 告诉django，在当前项目目录下查询叫templates的文件夹，下面是模板
            'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
            'APP_DIRS': True,
            'OPTIONS': { 
                'context_processors': [
                    'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                    'django.template.context_processors.request',
                    'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                    'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                ],
            },
        },
    ]
    
    WSGI_APPLICATION = 'django_tpl.wsgi.application'
    
    
    # Database
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/ref/settings/#databases
    
    DATABASES = { 
        'default': { 
            'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
            'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
        }
    }
    
    
    # Internationalization
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/topics/i18n/
    
    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
    
    TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
    
    USE_I18N = True
    
    USE_L10N = True
    
    USE_TZ = True
    
    
    # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.8/howto/static-files/
    
    STATIC_URL = '/static/'

[Django]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29339467/article/details/106988817
[Django 1]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29339467/article/details/107057031
[Django _ Models_Models _ _]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29339467/article/details/107139975